Reinventing Education Through Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Information technology is the study design, development, implementation support, and/ or management of computer systems based on information (Association of Information Technology of America).

This applies particularly software applications and hardware.

It offers information technology with the help of electronic computers and software to convert, store, protect, process, restore security or transmit any information.

Information Technology and Globalization

Information Technology is a driving factor in the process of globalization.

Globalization is a process in which economies, cultures, and societies have combined through a global network of trade and communication.

IT provides the communication network which creates efficient and effective channels that facilitate the expansion of products, ideas, and resources among nations and among people regardless of geographic location.

Globalization and Education

The way globalization has influenced trade barriers and communications among countries has habituated the way educators educate.

Utilizes the use of defining techniques to unitize education across the world. Globalization is being reflected in an educational agenda that allows for various and countless improvements upon the education system that allows the educators to expand on their teaching and present students with real world situations that require them to "think outside the box" or outside the realm of their particular field (Doherty,2004).The Global Filipino The global Filipino is one who has taken wider perspective or worldview of issues and events around him and realizes the importance of interrelationship of local events with the national and global environment.

The global Filipino has the capability to survive in a dynamic or ever-changing environment.

The global Filipino has access to information from as many sources. Beyond access, he has information processing skills wherein he is able to select, organize, synthesize, analyze, translate and apply information for productive and profitable uses.

The global Filipino is familiar and has the requisite skills in information technology to sift useful information from a mountain of trivia and able to use it for strategic decision-making.

Information Technology as a ResourceInformation technologies have affected every aspect of human activity and have a potential role to play in the field of education and training, specially, in distance education to transform it into an innovative form of experience. The need of new technologies in teaching learning process grows stronger and faster. The information age becomes an era of knowledge providing sound and unmatched feasibility for discovery, exchange of information, communication and exploration to strengthen the teaching learning process. Information technologies help in promoting opportunities of knowledge sharing throughout the world. These can help the teachers and students having up-to-date information and knowledge. Accurate and right information is necessary for effective teaching and learning; and information technologies (Haag, 1998) are set of tools that can help provide the right people with the right information at the right time. Students are independent and they can make best decisions possible about their studies, learning time, place and resources. Students are able to work in collaborative and interactive learning environments effectively communicating, sharing information and exchanging ideas and learning experiences with all in the environment.Students Use Information Technologies to:

1. Participate in a media revolution, profoundly affecting the way they think about and use information technologies.

2. Improve the ways of learning in new learning fashions

3. Extend the ability and skills of applying their learning in real situation.

4. Working in groups for cooperative and collaborative learning

5. Developing self-learning habits at their own pace and time.

6. Learn with the teacher rather by the teacher.

7. Develop inquiry-learning habits.

8. Use right information at right time to achieve right objective.

9. Review and explore qualitative data.

10. Exchange learning experiences and information with others students and teachers living anywhere in the world.

Why use IT in the Philippine education system?

a. The need of new technologies in teaching learning process grows stronger and faster.

b. The information age becomes an era of knowledge providing sound and unmatched feasibility for discovery, exchange of information, communication and exploration to strengthen the teaching learning process.

c. Information technologies help in promoting opportunities of knowledge sharing throughout the world.

Impact of Information Technology

ProcessesRelevance of IT

1. AutomationEliminating human labor

2. InformationCapturing process information for purposes of understanding

3. SequentialChanging process sequence or enabling parallelism

4. TrackingClose monitoring process status and objects

5. AnalyticalImproving analysis of information and decision-making

6. GeographicCoordinating processes across distances

7. IntegrationCoordination between tasks and processes

8. IntellectualCapturing and distributing intellectual assets

9. IntermediatingEliminating intermediaries from a process

Application of Information Technology in the Philippine Education SystemNational Information Technology Plan (NITP) 2000

The NITP 2000 education and training component has been signed by President Fidel B. Ramos in 1995 and there have been Executive Order directives from DECS, CHED and TESDA to fully support the application of IT in education. Policies and standards for IT education have been formulated that enabled educational institutions to come up with their own Information Systems Strategic Plan. The National Information Technology Plan 2000 (NITP2000) documents an overall strategy to spur the country to global competitiveness through Information Technology (IT) diffusion. With its Vision of a SMART PHILIPPINES, the NITP2000 is designed to contribute to people empowerment and socio-economic development. It is anchored on the belief that the country can benefit from a shared national vision of harnessing IT in the same way that businesses and nations world-wide have, and to launch the Philippines as a Newly Industrializing Country (NIC). It presents a strategy by which the government and the private sector will work together to optimize the use of IT. Overall Goal

The overall development goal is IT Diffusion where IT will be used pervasively in society. IT is globally fast becoming a major factor of productivity, efficiency and competitiveness - - changing conventional procedures and standards. IT facilitates transaction processes, produces efficient products and services, creates a borderless world and shrinks it, and makes entertainment more exciting, to say the least.

For effective implementation and management, the NITP2000 is structured into five (5) components with respective Key Result Areas (KRAs) that are achievable by 1998.

T - Telecommunications

I - Industry

G - Government

E - Education

R - ResearchIT21ACTION AGENDA FOR THE 21STCENTURYThis National Information Technology Plan for the 21stCentury,or IT21,documents the common vision and presents the Philippines broad strategy to spur the country to global competitiveness through information technology. It sets down specific time frames for achieving these goals: By the turn of the 21stcentury, the Philippines will have laid the infrastructure for every business, every agency of government, every school, and every home in the Philippines to have access to information technology. By the year 2005, IT use will be pervasive in daily life. Philippine companies will be producing competitive IT products for world markets. Within the first decade of the 21st Century, the Philippines will be a Knowledge Center in the Asia-Pacific: the leader in IT education, in IT-assisted training, and in the application of information and knowledge to business, professional services, and the arts.

Goals in Education More intensive investments in dual-training systems, remote educational institutions and open universities. Schools should not be only communities of learners where children learn to read, write, compute but should be schools of the future - which nurture young Filipinos to become responsible citizens and enlightened leaders of the country. Public and private education and training institutions will adopt I.T. in education and develop a critical mass of I.T. professionals and an I.T.-literate workforce.Nursing Informatics

Computers and Nursing

Overview

a. Forerunners of Nursing Informatics

- the start and the use of the EHR (Electronic Health Record) was mandated by the President of the United States and the secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS)

b. Nursing Informatics in the Philippines

The Philippine Medical Informatics Society (PMIS) and its founders had strong influence in the development of health informatics in the Philippines.

Nursing Informatics (ANA, 2001)

A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. Facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge to support patients, nurses, and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings. The support accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology. Historical Perspectives of Nursing and the Computer

Six Time Periods:

a. Prior to the 1960s

Few experts attempted to adapt computers to health care and nursing.

Computers were initially used in health care facilities for basic office functions

They used punch cards to store data and card readers to read computer programs, sort and prepare data for processing.

b. 1960s

Computer technology in health care settings to be questioned. Why computers? and What should be computerized. Hospital information system (HISs) were developed to process financial transaction and serve as billing and accounting system.c. 1970s Several states and large community health agencies develop and/or contracted for their own computer-based management information systems (MISs). Public health MISs provided statistical information required by local, state, and federal agencies for specific program funds. Home health agencies provided billing and other financial information required for reimbursement of patient services by Medicare, Medicaid, and other third-party payers. d. 1980s The field of informatics emerged in the health care industry and nursing. NI became an accepted specialty and many nursing experts entered the field. e. 1990s Computer technology became an integral part of health care settings, nursing practice, and the nursing profession. The nursing profession became actively involved in promoting NI. In 1992, NI was approved by ANA as new nursing specialty f. 2000 The early years of the new millennium continued the torrid pace of hardware and software development and growth. Four Major Nursing Areas

a. Nursing Practice

b. Nursing Administration

c. Nursing Education

d. Nursing Research

Standards Initiatives

A. Nursing Practice Standards

The Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice (1998) was developed and recommended by the ANA.

This focused on the organizing principles of clinical nursing practice and the standards of nursing performance.

This recommended the NURSING PROCESS as the conceptual framework for the documentation of nursing practice.

B. Nursing Data Standards Emerged as the new requirement for EHR.

Terminologies were made for documenting the different aspects of nursing practice and were later developed and coded for computer processing.

Health Care Data Standards Organizations:a. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

- linked with CEN (European Standardization Committee) and ISO (International Standards Organization)

b. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Landmark Events in Nursing Informatics in the Philippines:a. 1998 - several faculty members of the University of the Philippines began formal education and training.

b. 1999 -participation of the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) in the development of Standards for Health Information in the Philippines (SHIP). A study group was formed headed by the National Institute of Health of the University of the Philippines, Manila. This group identified international standards for health information and their adaptability in the Philippines. The document is referred to as the "Standards of Health Information in the Philippines, 1999 version" or "SHIP99".

c. 2003- a Master of Science in Health Informatics was proposed to be offered by UP-Manila College of Medicine (major in medical informatics) and the College of Arts and Science (major in bioinformatics) and was later approved to be offered starting academic year 2005-2006.

d. 2005- beginning of the formation of the Master of Science in Health Informatics (MSHI)

e. 2008 -Nursing Informatics course in the undergraduate curriculum was defined by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order 5 Series of 2008. This was later revised and included as Health Informatics course in CHED Memorandum Order 14 Series of 2009 and first implemented in the summer of 2010.

f. 2010- PNIA (Philippine Nursing Informatics Association) is an association of Registered Nurses with a common vision to promote the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to improve Nursing Practice, Education, Administration and Research in the Philippines.

Future Direction of Nursing Informatics in the Philippines

Development of training, certification and credentialing programs are in the pipeline for the Philippine Nursing Informatics Association. Future partnerships with local and international nursing and health informatics organizations have started as well.

Other programs are expected to be slowly delivered with PNIA's CORE X strategic platform which stands for Competency, Organization, Recognition, Experience and Expertise. It is also a major thrust to support the use of health information standards in the Philippines and to have nursing informatics specialists in every hospital in the country.

The Electronic Health Record from a Historical Perspective

The Davies Program

a. CPRI (Computer-Based Patient Record Institute) first initiated and coordinated activities to facilitate and promote the routine use of computer-based patient records (CPRs).

b. CPRI developed a project evaluation criteria in 1993 to form a basis of self-assessment that could be used by organizations and outside reviewers to measure and evaluate the accomplishments of CPR projects.

c. Four major areas of initial criteria:

a. Management

b. Functionality

c. Technology

d. Impact/value

d. The criteria provided the foundation of the Nicholas E. Davies Award of Excellence Program for excellence in EHR implementation

e. Awards program has recognized healthcare organizations, primary care practices and public health initiatives.

///CSLUMBO

5