Information Technology Ms. Abeer Helwa
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Transcript of Information Technology Ms. Abeer Helwa
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Information Technology Ms. Abeer Helwa
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Software
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SoftwareThey are instructions that tell the computer what to
do and how to do it.
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Software
Operating System ApplicationSoftware
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1) Operating systemAn interface between hardware and user, which is
responsible for the management of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer.
Examples of operating system:MS DOS (Disk Operating System)MS Windows (98 – Me – 2000 – XP – Vista – 7).MAC OS.UNIX.
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Operating system Typesa. CLI (Command Line Interface):A user interface in which you type commands
instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon.
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Operating system Typesb. GUI (Graphical User Interface):A visual way of interacting with a computer using
items such as windows, icons, and menus.It is user-friendly.
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Operating system TasksInterface: It provides an interface between the user and the
machine.
Resource management:Allocates computer resources such as CPU time,
main memory, secondary storage, and input and output devices for use.
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Operating system TasksInput/output management: This checks the input and output of the data, their
location, storage, and retrieval.
File management: Setting up directories to organize your files
according to their type and displaying a list of files stored on a particular disk.
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2) Application SoftwareSpecial software to do special functions.
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Examples of ApplicationsWord Processor:It is used to write and format texts, insert tables
and pictures, e.g. MS Word.
Spreadsheet:It is used for automatic calculations and creating
charts, e.g. MS Excel.
Database:A structured set of data held in a computer, e.g.
MS Access.
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Examples of ApplicationsWeb Browser:A program designed to enable users to access,
retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet, e.g. Internet Explorer.
Presentation:It is used to design slides for business and
education, e.g. MS PowerPoint.
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Computer Networks
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Network DefinitionIt is a set of tow or more connected computers to share resources.
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Advantage of using NetworksInformation sharing.Resources sharing (printers).Software sharing.Information protection (user names and passwords)Emails.
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Network Types
1) LAN.2) WAN.
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1) LAN ( Local Area Network)It is a group of computers connected together in
the same region or limited area.
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2) WAN (Wide Area Network)A network that connects computers over wide
geographical area or may be other countries using telephone lines or satellite.
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Main Parts of network architecture
1) Client:It is a computer connected to the network and
hasn’t any control privilege.
2) Server:It is a computer that is responsible for controlling
network resources.
3) Resources:All files, printers and other hardware or software
that the network users can share.
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Internet(Interconnected Network)
• It is a global network of inter-connected networks.
• A system of connected computers that allows your computer to exchange data, messages and files with any of the millions of other connected computers.
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Intranet(Internal Network)
An Intranet is a network of computers within a private company.
It is a close version of the Internet but can only be accessed by authorized members in the same organization.
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Extranet(External Network)
It is similar to an Intranet but it can be accessed by outsiders who have the permission to access the company’s network.
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Note:
• All of these networks need a modem to work.• The speed of modem called Transfer rate
and it is measured by bps (bit per second).• New modem speed is measured in Mbps or
Gbps
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Terms
WWW (World Wide Web):A collection of web pages and related
resources which are linked together across the internet.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)It is a company that provides individuals and
other companies access to the Internet, and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting.
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TermsURL (Uniform Resource Locator)Every page has its own unique address.
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Terms• Web Browsers:They are software application used for retrieving
and presenting an URL on the World Wide Web.
• Cookie A file created by an Internet site to store information
on your computer.
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TermsWeb Site A computer Storage area that contains one or
more web pages.
Home PageThe first web page you see when you lunch
Internet Explorer.
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TermsSearch EngineIs designed to search for information on the World
Wide Web.
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TermsDownloading The process of transferring a file from a network
computer to a local computer.
Uploading The process of transferring a file from your local
computer to a network computer.