Information Systems Development and Acquisition

Chapter 8

Jessup & Valacich

Instructor: Ramesh Sankaranarayanan

Software EngineeringA newer term given to acknowledge the movement of systems building from art to discipline by professionals using common methods, techniques, and tools for constructing information systems

Software EngineeringA newer term given to acknowledge the movement of systems building from art to discipline by professionals using common methods, techniques, and tools for constructing information systems

Systems Analysis and DesignA traditional term used to describe the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems performed by analysts and programmers

Systems Analysis and DesignA traditional term used to describe the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems performed by analysts and programmers

Problem DecompositionSystems building is a process of decomposing large complex problems to discover and design solutions to support the organization

Problem DecompositionSystems building is a process of decomposing large complex problems to discover and design solutions to support the organization

Developing Systems

The Systems Development Life Cycle

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured method complete with techniques developed to manage the life cycle of an information system

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured method complete with techniques developed to manage the life cycle of an information system

System Identification, Selection, and Planning

System Identification, Selection, and Planning

System Identification A process used to identify opportunities for developing systems projects to solve problems. This process varies greatly from organization to organization

System Identification A process used to identify opportunities for developing systems projects to solve problems. This process varies greatly from organization to organization

SelectionThe process of applying evaluation criteria to possible projects to select those that are critical to enabling the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives

SelectionThe process of applying evaluation criteria to possible projects to select those that are critical to enabling the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives

Systems PlanningDeveloping formal plans for creating the information systems project selected. Some organizations call their periodic process of identification, selection, and planning “Information Systems Planning (ISP)”

Systems PlanningDeveloping formal plans for creating the information systems project selected. Some organizations call their periodic process of identification, selection, and planning “Information Systems Planning (ISP)”

Systems Analysis

Systems Analysis

Collecting System Requirements (Traditional)A combination of methods are used:

• Interviews – discussions with stakeholders (i.e. users)• Questionnaires – surveys to assess use and attitudes• Observations – watch process and systems use• Document Analysis – reviewing current documents

Collecting System Requirements (Traditional)A combination of methods are used:

• Interviews – discussions with stakeholders (i.e. users)• Questionnaires – surveys to assess use and attitudes• Observations – watch process and systems use• Document Analysis – reviewing current documents

System Analysis – Modeling Organizational Data

The ERD DiagramA tool used to identify the relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases

The ERD DiagramA tool used to identify the relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases

System Design

System Design - Designing Forms and Reports

Forms - a business document with predefined data and places to fill in information that is used for system input

Forms - a business document with predefined data and places to fill in information that is used for system input

Reports – an output of a system that contains only predefined data usually in a tabular format (see below)

Reports – an output of a system that contains only predefined data usually in a tabular format (see below)

System Design - Designing Interfaces and Dialogues

An Example of a User Interface - GoogleAn Example of a User Interface - Google

System Design - Designing Databases and Files

System Design – Designing Processing Logic

Processing Logic

The processing and logic operations of an information system are the steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information

Processing Logic

The processing and logic operations of an information system are the steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information

Processing Logic Example

Describes the steps for calculating a GPA1. Obtain the prior grade point average, credits hours

earned, and list of prior courses

2. Obtain the list of each current course, final grade, and course credit hours

3. Combine the prior and current credit hours into aggregate sums

4. Calculate the new grade point average

Processing Logic Example

Describes the steps for calculating a GPA1. Obtain the prior grade point average, credits hours

earned, and list of prior courses

2. Obtain the list of each current course, final grade, and course credit hours

3. Combine the prior and current credit hours into aggregate sums

4. Calculate the new grade point average

System Implementation

System Implementation – Programming and Testing

Software Programming – creating the instructions from the programming logic design using a variety of programming languages assisted many times by language editors

Software Programming – creating the instructions from the programming logic design using a variety of programming languages assisted many times by language editors

Software Testing – a series of tests designed to identify errors and validate logic in parallel with programming. There are multiple types of testing (see below)

Software Testing – a series of tests designed to identify errors and validate logic in parallel with programming. There are multiple types of testing (see below)

System Implementation – System Conversion

Conversion Approaches – the process of taking information from an old system to populate a new system. This is accomplished through manual and/or automated methods

Conversion Approaches – the process of taking information from an old system to populate a new system. This is accomplished through manual and/or automated methods

System Implementation – System Documentation

System DocumentationThe collection of materials produced with an information system to support the ongoing operation and development

System DocumentationThe collection of materials produced with an information system to support the ongoing operation and development

Documentation Types

• User and reference guides – step-by-step instructions for using the system features and functions

• User training and tutorials – manuals and exercises designed to educate users and build competence in system use. These training manuals and tutorials can be supported by a database that utilizes realistic data

• Installation procedures and trouble-shooting suggestions – manuals and procedures designed to support technical personal in installing and problem solving during system operation

Documentation Types

• User and reference guides – step-by-step instructions for using the system features and functions

• User training and tutorials – manuals and exercises designed to educate users and build competence in system use. These training manuals and tutorials can be supported by a database that utilizes realistic data

• Installation procedures and trouble-shooting suggestions – manuals and procedures designed to support technical personal in installing and problem solving during system operation

System Implementation – System Training

Training Approaches – the processes used to educate users in new business processes and system features and functions with the goal of building competence to ensure operational success (see possible methods below)

Training Approaches – the processes used to educate users in new business processes and system features and functions with the goal of building competence to ensure operational success (see possible methods below)

System Maintenance

System Maintenance - Maintenance Types

System MaintenanceThe process by which a system is kept in working order and minor enhancements are completed. Some types of system maintenance are shown below

System MaintenanceThe process by which a system is kept in working order and minor enhancements are completed. Some types of system maintenance are shown below