On-Site Short CoursesInformation Packet

Computational Mechanics AssociatesP.O. Box 11314

Baltimore, MD 21239-0314 U.S.A.Phone: (410) 532-3260

email: compmechanics@verizon.netweb: www.compmechanics.com

Why Take an On-Site Course?

If you have a large enough audience of new employees, employees reassigned to new positions or others in need of training in the area of energetic materials, an on-site course makes sense.

Savings Convenience

For a group of 15, the cost of an on-site course is $28,950. ($1930 per student)

The cost for the same number of people at our sites is $41,925. ($2795 per student)

Add to that the savings in per diem, hotel and travel costs (roughly $800 per person) and the value of an on-site course is clear.

Employees are available in case of emergency.

Attendees get the book in the field of study and a set of 900+ pages of course notes. This saves months of research.

Attendees also get to learn from the author of the material, who is an international authority in this area.

More Details

For on-site courses, part of the requirements are provided by CMA and part by your orginzation.

Computational Mechanics Associates

• The instructor(s) for the course• Honorarium, per diem, lodging and travel expenses • The necessary text and course notes

Your Organization

• Suitable meeting space • The audio-visual equipment • One individual to assist the instruc-tor as needed and handle registration and distribution of course materials on the first day.

An order for an onsite course must be placed no later than 60 days prior to the start of the course. Payment is expected at that time unless other ar-rangements have been made with CMA. Cancellations must be received by CMA no later than 30 days before the start of the course.

We would be glad to discuss this matter with you and prepare a formal proposal for any of our short courses. The courses can also be tailored to some extent to meet your specific needs.

Provides: Provides:

Why Take a CMA Short Course?

First, you get a thorough grounding in the various technologies described in the short courses. These courses are designed with the basic objective of providing the workers in the field with sufficient background to under-stand problems that may arise and to facilitate interaction with specialists in the field.

Second, you get access to an outstanding scientist who is an active con-tributor to the field and author of the definitive text in the field. You get to spend a week with one of the top people in the field. Listen, ask questions, and consult with him on your problems at work. This is an unparalleled opportunity. Make the most of it.

Third, you will be exposed to the literature in your field and receive with you an extensive set of notes as well as the basic text(s) in the field. After this week, you’ll have a much better understanding of the relevant technol-ogy and you’ll know where to look up information on future problems.

What Background Do I Need to Benefit From These Courses?

A facility with algebra and some familiarity with the fundamental prin-ciples of thermodynamics that are typically presented in a first course at an undergraduate level is helpful.

What On-Site Courses are Available?

In response to a number of requests, we have developed on-site versions of six of our popular courses dealing with energetic materials:

Introduction to the Technology of Explosives (4 ½ days) Introduction to Interior Ballistics (4 ½ days) Introduction to Exterior Ballistics (3 ½ days)

Introduction to Terminal Ballistics (4 ½ days)

Fundamentals of Ballistics (5 days)

Fundamentals of Shaped Charges (2 ½ days)

Introduction to the Technology of Explosives

Emphasized throughout the course is the crucial importance of safety considerations. The major topics covered in the course are:

The Chemistry of Explosives• Chemical Reactions• Categories of Explosives by Chemical Type• Use Forms of Explosives• Propellants• Pyrotechnics

Mechanics of Burning• Burning Model• Geometry: Shapes of Grains• Calculating the State of the Gas• Interior Ballistics

Sound, Shock and Detonation• Material Distortions: Stress and Strain• Sound Waves• Shock Waves• Detonation Waves• Explosive Output Tests

Off-the-Shelf Explosive Devices• Linear Explosive Products• Mechanical/Explosive Devices

Initiation and Initiators• Initiation Theory and Criteria• Initiation Sensitivity Testing• Nonelectric Initiators• Hot-Wire Initiators• Exploding Bridgewire Initiators• Slapper Detonators

Scaling in Design and Analysis• Geometric Similarity• Accelerating Metal With Explosives• Shock Waves in Air• Shock Waves in Water• Craters From Explosives• Conical Shaped Charges

Explosive Facilities and Explosives Operations• Explosive Facilities• Explosives Operations• Good Work Practices• Maintenance• Explosive Waste• Spills and General Cleaning• Explosive Handling• Testing and Firing of Explosives• Licenses, Permits and Penalties

Classification, Transportation and Stor-age of Explosives• Explosives Classification• Transportation of Explosives• Storage of Explosives

P. W. Cooper, Explosives Engineering, Wiley, NY, 1997Workbook

This course is always well received whenever given. Some of the enthusi-astic responses from attendees, mostly practicing engineers in industry and government laboratories, many with advanced degrees, include:

“Recalling some of the professors/lecturers I’ve had in the past, Paul Coo-per outdoes most! Information (written material and lecture) was clearly presented and progressed in a logical sequence. This is truly a compliment from someone with a limited engineering science background and 20+ years passage since dealing with some of the mechanics. Excellent course.”

“It’s a good course for practical engineers. Material was presented in a good fashion. Even though there is a lot of material that was covered in this course, it was easy to follow and understand. Also the instructor was very personable and took a lot of questions.”

“The instructor’s knowledge, frankness and candor were refreshing.”

Text:

Instructor

Paul Cooper is a consultant in the field of explosives engineering. He also teaches extensively on the subject in the form of short courses as well as at university graduate courses. Mr. Cooper is recently retired from 32 years at Sandia National Laboratories where he held the position of Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff in the Department of Explosives Applica-tions. Prior to that, he worked at the Armour Research Foundation in Chicago and at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He was an Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering on the graduate faculty at the New Mexico State University (NMSU).

Paul Cooper has over 32 years’ experience in basic research in explosives phenomena and in the design, development and testing of explosives and explosive devices and components for both conventional and nuclear weapons systems. His work has also included the use of explosives for seis-mic exploration for minerals and natural energy resources; explosive and propellant enhanced recovery techniques for oil and gas; and significant contributions in the areas of safeguards and security. His unique work uti-lizing scale models has significantly reduced costs and development time on a number of critical programs

Mr. Cooper has published extensively in his field. In addition to numer-ous papers and reports, he has authored two engineering tutorial/refer-ence textbooks, Introduction to the Technology of Explosives (co-authored with S. R. Kurowski) and Explosives Engineering, both published by John Wiley & Sons Publishers in 1996. Mr. Cooper has also authored an invited chapter on Detonation Physics for the reference text, Explosive Effects and Applications , edited by Jonas A. Zukas and William P. Walters, published in 1997 by Springer-Verlag. He is also the former American editor of the International Journal of Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics.

Mr. Cooper is recognized internationally as an expert in the explosives field. Examples of situations where his expertise was deemed essential in-clude the following:

• Mr. Cooper was a lead investigator of the Sandia National Laboratories Committee to review and reinvestigate the 1989 USS IOWA Gun Turret Explosion for the US Senate Armed Services Committee. He demonstrated through both theoretical models and full-scale experiments that the explo-sion was caused by an accidental over-ram of the gun.• He testified before the U. S. Senate Armed Services Committee on the subject of the explosion aboard the battleship USS IOWA.• Mr. Cooper was a special consultant to the United Nations and member of the UNSCOM/IAEA inspection team in Iraq concerned with uncover-ing that country’s development of nuclear weapons.• He was an appointed member of the Treasury Department’s Adminis-trative Review of the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms’ actions at the Branch Davidian Compound at Waco, Texas. • He has served continuously since 1982 as a member of the Advisory Committee for the International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators, and has received the Distinguished Service Award from that organization.

Mr. Cooper has prepared and presented numerous technical, engineering, and safety courses and has acted as a general consultant in explosives tech-nology, safety and security matters for various government departments and agencies. Much of his interagency activity involved investigation of accidents involving explosives and explosions. Consulting clients, present and former, include:• Sandia National Laboratories• U.S. Dept. of Energy/Idaho Operations Office• FBI Laboratory Division• U.S. DoD/Defense Science Board• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station• Computational Mechanics Associates• Stone and Webster Engineering• ETA Consultants, Inc• SBR Technologies, Inc.• Ensign-Bickford Company, Inc.• Several law firms (accident investigation)

Introduction to Interior Ballistics

This 4 day short course covers the basic principles of interior ballistics. It is meant to serve as an introduction to the field. Some real world problems will be solved by the students as exercises during the class. The topics covered consist of:• Initial concepts and nomenclature• Thermodynamics review and gas behavior models• Combustion of solid propellants• Lagrange Gradient• Interior ballistic model examples• Design for projection• Rudimentary cartridge case design• Rudimentary gun tube design

Attendees will be exposed to the literature in the field and recieve an exten-sive set of notes as well as the text:

Individuals should hold at least a baccalaureate degree in engineering or the equivalent to obtain maximum benefit from the course.

D. Carlucci and S Jacobson, Ballistics: The Theory and Design of Ammunition and Guns, Taylor and Francis, NY, 2007

Instructor

The instructor for this course is Donald E. Carlucci, P. E., Ph.D. Dr. Car-lucci has been a Systems Engineer in the Precision Munitions, Mines and Demolitions Division at the U.S. Army Armament, Research, Development and Engineering Center, Picatinny Arsenal since May, 1989. He is cur-rently Acting Chief for the Precision Armaments team responsible for the modeling and evaluation of cannon launched guided munitions programs at Picatinny and Chief Scientist for the XM982 Excalibur guided projectile. Dr. Carlucci has formerly held the position of Development Program Of-ficer (Chief Engineer) for Sense and Destroy Armor (SADARM). Prior to employment at Picatinny, Dr. Carlucci was a design engineer for Titanium Industries located in Fairfield, N.J. Dr. Carlucci held positions as Chief Engineer, Quality Assurance Manager and Purchasing Manager for Hoyt Corporation located in Englewood, New Jersey.

Dr. Carlucci is a licensed Professional Engineer in the States of New Jersey and New York and holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineer-ing (2002) and Master of Engineering (Mechanical) (1995) degree from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N.J. In 1987, Dr. Carlucci re-ceived his Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, N.J. Dr. Carlucci is an Adjunct Profes-sor of Mechanical Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology teaching graduate classes in Interior, Exterior and Terminal Ballistics as well as un-dergraduate classes on engineering design.

Introduction to Exterior Ballistics

This short course covers the basic principles of exterior ballistics. It is meant to serve as an introduction to the field. Some real world problems will be solved as examples during the class. The topics covered consist of:

• Initial concepts and nomenclature• Dynamics review• Vacuum trajectories• Simple air trajectories with and without wind effects• Generalized point mass trajectories• 6 Degree-of-freedom trajectories• Modified point mass trajectories• Linearized pitching and yawing motions• Flight stability• Discussion of nonlinear behavior

The instructor for this course is Donald E. Carlucci, P. E., Ph.D.

Attendees will be exposed to the literature in the field and recieve an extensive set of notes as well as the text.

D. Carlucci and S Jacobson, Ballistics: The Theory and Design of Ammunition and Guns, Taylor and Francis, NY, 2007

Individuals should hold at least a baccalaureate degree in engineering or the equivalent to obtain maximum benefit from the course.

Introduction to Terminal Ballistics

This 4 ½ day short course covers the basic principles of terminal ballistics. It is meant to serve as an introduction to the field. Some real world prob-lems will be solved by the students as exercises during the class. The topics covered consist of:

• Initial concepts and nomenclature• Unsteady wave motion• Stress waves in solids• Review of Rankine-Hugoniot relations• Low velocity impact• Fracture with stress waves• Penetration and perforation of solids• Introduction to shaped charges• Elementary wound ballistics

Text:

D. E. Carlucci and S. Jacobson, Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2008

The class is intended for individuals new to the ordnance field or those interested in the basic aspects of projectile-target interaction. Individuals should hold at least a baccalaureate degree in engineering or the equivalent to obtain maximum benefit from the course.

The instructor for this course is Donald E. Carlucci, P. E., Ph.D.

Fundamentals of Ballistics

This 5 day short course is intended as a broad introduction to the field of ballistics. The course will cover all three major facets of ballistics: Interior, Exterior, and Terminal at a level where the student will gain an apprecia-tion of the subject as a whole. The course provides a general background and outlines mathematical approaches to solution of ballistics problems. The topics covered are:

Interior Ballistics• Introductory Concepts• Physical Foundation of Interior Ballistics• Propellant Combustion• Analytic and Computational Inte-rior Ballistics

» Lagrange Gradient Approach » Ammunition Design Practice » Cartridge Case Design » Projectile Design

• Weapon Design Practice » Tube Design » Gun Dynamics » Muzzle Devices

Exterior Ballistics• Introductory Concepts• Dynamics Refresher• Trajectories

» Vacuum Trajectory » Simple Air Trajectory » 6-DOF Trajectory Overview » Flight Stability

Terminal Ballistics• Impact Dynamics

» Shock Hugoniots » Spalling » Penetration Theories

• Shaped Charges• High Explosive (HE) projectiles

The instructor for this course is Donald E. Carlucci, P. E., Ph.D.

Attendees will be exposed to the literature in the field and recieve an exten-sive set of notes as well as the text:

D. E. Carlucci and S. Jacobson, Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2008

The class is intended for individuals new to the ordnance field or those interested in the basic aspects of projectile-target interaction. Individuals should hold at least a baccalaureate degree in engineering or the equivalent to obtain maximum benefit from the course.

Fundamentals of Shaped Charges

This 2 ½ day introductory short course provides participants with a thor-ough background in the theory of warhead mechanics. It enables the beginner to obtain the necessary background to understand the various aspects of terminal ballistics with emphasis on shaped charge concepts. It will provide the student with sufficient background to understand prob-lems that may arise and to facilitate interactions with specialists in the field.

Participants gain access to an outstanding scientist who is an active contribu¬tor to the field and coauthor of a classic book on shaped charges. They get to spend 2 ½ days with one of the top people in the field. They can listen, ask questions, and consult with him on problems at work. This is an unparalleled opportunity.

Participants will be exposed to the literature in the field and take home an extensive set of notes as well as the text, Fundamentals of Shaped Charges by William Walters and Jonas Zukas. After this course, they will have a much better understanding of shaped charge concepts and know where to look up information (and whom to call) on future problems.

Participants will learn first hand the capabilities and limitations of analyti-cal meth¬ods for modeling the behavior of shaped charge warheads. Par-ticipants will obtain the basic computational skills needed to solve simple, first order engineering design problems.

A basic understanding of physics, mechanics, algebra, trigonometry, and calculus, such as taught at the undergraduate level, would be helpful back-ground for this course.

Class Schedule

DAY 1

Introduction• The shaped charge concept and description• Nomenclature

Terminal Ballistics OverviewMisnomersApplicationsHistory and BackgroundThe Formation of a Jet from a Shaped Charge LinerJet Radiographs• X-ray Pictures of Jets from Shaped Charge Liners• The Picture Book of Shaped Charges

Jets from a Shaped Charge Liner• Hemispherical Liners• Conical Liners (LLNL)

Jets from Powdered LinersSimulated Liner CollapseThe Gurney Model• Various Forms of the Gurney Equations

The Taylor AngleJet Formation Model for Conical Liners• The Birkhoff Model• The Pugh-Eichelberger-Rostoker Model• Trigonometric Trickery

Jet Formation Sample Calculation

Visco-Plastic Jet Formation Model• Jet-No Jet Criteria

Special Cases of Jet FormationJets from Explosively-Formed Penetrators (EFP’s )• Explosively Formed Penetrators• Types of EFP’s• Aero stable EFP’s

DAY 2

Description of the Shaped Charge Liner Collapse and Formation• Hemispherical Liners• Conical Liners • EFP’s

Discussion of the General EquationsComments on Explosive WeldingThe Fabrication of Shaped Charge Liners• Precision and Assembly Requirements

Liner Materials• Metals, Alloys, and Non-metals• The good, the bad, and the ugly• Liner Material Criterion

The Explosive FillComments on Recovered Slug MetallurgyJet Particulation• Models and Data

Velocity Difference between Jet ParticlesPenetration by a Jet from a Shaped Charge Liner• History• Models• Data• The Tate-Alekseevski Equations

Cratering/Hole ProfilesJet Particle RecoveryJet Temperature MeasurementsAn Overview of Armor ConceptsSpecial Purpose JetsTest Ranges• A description and x-ray setup

Design Rules ReviewSuggested Reading

DAY 3

Questions and Class Discussion

Text:

W. P. Walters and J. A. Zukas, Fundamentals of Shaped Charges, CMCPress, 3rd printing, 2009

Summary

Instructor

The instructor for this course is William P. Walters, Ph.D., P.E.

Education • BSME, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 1964. • Master of Engineering, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL, 1968 • PhD, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, University of Illi-nois, Urbana, IL, 1972 • Visiting Research Scholar, University of Delaware, Center for Compos-ite Materials and ME Department, Newark, DE (June 1989 to June 1990)• Visiting Scientist, USMA, Department of Mathematics, West Point, NY (July 1, 2003 to June 28, 2004)

Current Activities:Dr. Walters is actively involved in the study, assessment, and evaluation of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED’s) and the development of surrogate and laboratory devices to be used as IED simulants.

Experience:Army Research Laboratory (formerly Ballistic Research Laboratory), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, May 1976 to June, 2012. Mechanical Engineer/General Research Engineer, Weapons Technology Directorate. Research engineer involved in several programs concerning warhead and penetrator design and analysis. Analytical, numerical, and experimental programs were conducted regarding warhead, armor, and material stud-ies. He served as principal investigator/responsible engineer on several army projects. He is well known as an internationally recognized expert on shaped charge warheads and terminal ballistics.

His significant achievements over the last 36 years include:• Modeling the penetration of shaped charge jets and KE penetrators and the development of a hole growth model. Developed models for jet breakup time distribution and jet particle velocity difference. In addition to these models, he obtained an exact solution of the non-linear Tate pen-etration equations and an explicit solution of these equations using per-turbation theory.• Modeled the response of a blast shield. The model was cited as a “classic paper”. • Designed a technique for the soft recovery of shaped charge jet particles and missile simulates and developed a model for the recovery and pen-etration of rigid projectiles. • Classic studies on stratified, bimetallic liners that clearly described the collapse of shaped charges with conical and hemispherical liners were conducted.• Experimental and analytical projects include jet-target interaction stud-ies and armor diagnostics. • Research on oil well perforators and the oil well completion problem for potential military applications. • Developed an experimental technique to arrest the collapse of a shaped charge and to produce a non-perforating spall pattern.• Conducted extensive experimental work and was actively involved in range design and modification. • Conducted basic studies in the design, analysis, fabrication, and testing of hemispherical, near hemispherical, and tapered hemispherical shaped charge liner designs as well as many other novel warhead designs includ-ing jets from shaped charge liners with extremely long particulation times. These designs produced a multitude of special effects directed at targets of interest. • Instrumental in the pioneering design, analysis, manufacture, and test-ing of several novel materials including Ta, W, DU, and Mo for shaped charge liners.

• Responsible for a tandem shaped charge liner design including static and dynamic tests that involved a long time delay (greater than one mil-lisecond) system. He also demonstrated the defeat of advanced armors by a unitary charge.• Served as organizer, coordinator and lecturer for short courses on hy-pervelocity impact, terminal ballistics, and shaped charge fundamentals. • Frequently consulted by other government agencies, private industry, and academic organizations. He is consulted as an expert witness on pat-ent interference and infringement cases.• Several national and international presentations, briefings, and semi-nars. In particular, he was an invited speaker at several conferences/orga-nizations including the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia, July 1997; the Military Institute of Technology, Warsaw and Krakow, Poland, March, 2005 and IMPLAST 2003, Delhi, India, March 2003.

Previous experience (1964 to 1976) involved fluid mechanics, aerodynam-ics, shock physics, rocket propulsion, thermodynamics, thermal analysis, aeronomy, and space mechanics at Stone and Webster Engineering Corpo-ration, Boston, MA, Lincoln Laboratories, Lexington, MA, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada, and Northrop Space Laboratories, Huntsville, AL.

Dr. Walters has over 200 technical publications and holds 14 patents.

Committees:• Member of Joint Bombs and Warheads / Classified Ballistics Com-mittee (Army representative), 1992-2012. • Research advisor for National Research Council at the Army Re-search Laboratory, 1979 to 2012. • Consultant to NCEE (National Council of Engineering Examiners) on Engineering Problems and Solutions, 1982 to 1992. Also NCEE grader, item writer, and subject matter expert 1985 to 1992.

• Engineering Problems and Solutions, 1982 to 1992. Also NCEE grader, item writer, and subject matter expert 1985 to 1992.• Served on a Drexel University Ph.D. Committees. Adjunct Professor 1992 to 1996. • Served as a U. of Maryland and U. of Delaware thesis advisor.• Professional Society Membership and licenses: • Member NDIA and Sigma Gamma Tau.• Blaster's License, Pennsylvania 4324-A (General Blaster) since 1982.• Registered Professional Engineer, License No. 12968 - MD, 31853 - PA since 1982.• Elected member, New York Academy of Sciences, July 1983.

Major Awards and Honors:Dr. Walters has numerous government/academic/industry awards including:• Medallion from NASA-MSFC for contributions to the Saturn/Apollo Project and Certificate of Achievement from NASA-MSFC for Saturn IB/V Studies. • Elected member of Sigma Gamma Tau (The Honorary Aerospace Engi-neering Fraternity) 1971.• University of Illinois Outstanding Recent Alumnus Award, 1982. • Elected Fellow of ASME, April 1988.• Elected to the Society of BRL Fellows, January 1991.• Received the John Ulrich Meritorious Service Award for outstanding contributions to the field of Ballistics, May 12, 1998.• Lifetime Achievement Award from the ASME, May, 2010.• Elected Fellow of the International Ballistics Society, January 1, 2012.