INFOGYN 2010 – Tarbes – Pr. Palacios S. LONG-TERM endometrial and breast safety of a specific...
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Transcript of INFOGYN 2010 – Tarbes – Pr. Palacios S. LONG-TERM endometrial and breast safety of a specific...
INFOGYN 2010 – Tarbes – Pr. Palacios S.
LONG-TERMendometrial and breast safety of a specific and
standardised SOYA ISOFLAVONES extract
(PHYTO SOYA®)
Embrace the changewith confidence
Introduction
Many women have chosen to not take HRT either because they have contraindication or because they wish to use a more natural treatment.
Consequently, a number of women take phyto estrogens either advised by their doctor or also by themselves because phyto estrogens can be sold as a dietary supplement.
Many clinical studies have studied the efficacy of phyto estrogens but questions of their safety on endometrium and on breast are raised.
1 144 227255N-
504 530-CER
1 180 263302N-
552595-CER
AF-1 DNA Ligand / AF-2A/B C D E F
(18) (97) (30) (59) (18)
Human Estrogen Receptors A and B
Different tissue / cell distributions Different affinity for ligands Different gene activations
Pearce, S. T.; Jordan, V. C. The biological role of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004, 50, 3-22.
Human Estrogen Receptors A and B
Phytoestrogen/RE/uterus
ERERERE
ERTF
ERERP P
X
TFP
Inactivation RE
Greater increase in response to E2
ER
Dominant in the uterus
Inactivation RE
Weak response to E2
Isoflavones: competition at receptor level
Selective partial agonist: absence of E Selective partial antagonist: presence of E
(Messina MJ 1994)
Kuiper G et al. Endocrinology 1998
Effects of phyto estrogens on endometrium and
breast
Rationale
Breast density (BD) is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer BC risk.
Women with BD > 50% are at three- to five-fold greater risk of breast cancer than women with < 25% dense area
About 30% of PM women have high BD, a frequency that is greater than the frequency of most recognized risk factors (for example, a family history of breast cancer occurs in only 10% of women)
Rationale
A decrease of BD can be induced by several factors: increasing age, menopause, elevated BMI, pregnancy at an early age.
An increase is induced by some types of HRT, but SERM can decrease it and reduce the BC risk.
Breast density is associated with breast cancer risk
Boyd N.F. et al., NEJM 356:227-236, 2007
Epidemiologic studies have clearly shown an association between breast density and higher risk to develop breast cancer.
The mechanisms by which density confers this increased risk remain unclear.
Breast density is associated with breast cancer risk
Clinical trials on endometrial effect of phyto
estrogensAuthors
Isoflavones
Quantity
Treatment period &
number of subjects
Methodology
Exams Results
Balk (2002)
100 mg/j6 months
27 patients
Double blind
vrs placeboBiopsy
No histological modification
Di Carlo (2003)
36 mg/j12 months70 patients
openUltrasoun
dNo increase of the
thickness
Penotti (2002)
72 mg/j6 months
66 patients
Double blind
vrs placebo
Ultrasound
No increase of the thickness
Han (2002)
100 mg/j4 months
80 patients
Double blind
vrs placebo
Ultrasound
No increase of the thickness
Scambia
(2000)50 mg/j
3 months 39 patients
Double blind
vrs placebo
Ultrasound
No increase of the thickness
Unfer* (2004)
150 mg/j5 years
379 patients
Double blind
vrs placeboBiopsy
Increase of the impact of
hyperplasies
1. Methodology
2. Results of endometrial SAFETY
3. Results of breast SAFETY
4. Tolerance
5. Conclusion
2. Study designInternational, multicentre, non-comparative study, open for a duration of 3 years34 centres in 4 countries:
- France, 30 centres: Pr MARES
- Spain, 2 centres: Pr PALACIOS - Belgium, 1 centre: Dr PORNEL
- Australia, 1 centre: Pr EDEN
1. Study objectiveEvaluate the effects of administration of
70 mg of SOYA ISOFLAVONES (PHYTO SOYA®) on the endometrium and breasts
3. Treatment- Specific, standardised ISOFLAVONE extract
- Extract composition: 50% Daidzein, 30% Glycitein, 20% Genistein
- 2 capsules of PHYTO SOYA® taken in the morning and at night,
- 17.5 mg of ISOFLAVONES per gel cap (70 mg per day),
- 3 years of treatment.
Women ages 45-65Intact uterus No normal period for at least 2 yearsStatus of menopause confirmed by hormone levels (>30 IU/l) and estradiol levels (<35 ng/l).BMI < 30 kg/m2"Wash-out" period:
3 months: hormone therapy, tibolone, raloxifene…
2 months: isoflavones1 months: local hormonal treatment
INCLUSION
CRITERIA
Biopsy of endometrium: PolypsHyperplasiaCancer
Transvaginal ultrasound:
Thickness >4mmSubmucosal fibroidsSevere endometriosisHyperplasia or cancer
Mammography:
Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
ACR3: benign anomalies to monitorACR4: indeterminate or suspicious anomaliesACR5: anomalies suggesting the presence of cancer
INCLUSION
CRITERIA
DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN THROUGHOUT THE STUDY
499 selectedpatients
395 admitted patients
317 patients finished year 1
235 patients admitted for
the extension phase
197 available biopsies (mlTT)
6 final visits (biopsies) were performed in
time
305 evaluable patients
301 usable
biopsies 3 with no tissue1 with insufficient
tissue (endometrial
thickness >5 mm)
193 evaluable patients
1 simple hyperplasia
192 usable
biopsies (smlTT)
78 premature
exits
35 premature
exits
Phase I
Phase II
DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Number of women: 235
Age: 55.90± 3.93
years
Average age of menopause:
49.40± 3.31
years
Duration of menopause: 6.49± 3.92
years
Body mass index (kg/m2): 24.58 ± 3,22
Effects of PHYTO SOYA on endometrium
BIOPSY RESULTS
Classification
Admission(Sample
population of safety of
the extension)
Biopsiesanalysed duringthe extension
phase)(mITT population)
Final visit(smITT population)
No tissue 0 3 -Insufficient tissue. Endometrial thickness <5 mm
19 25 24
Insufficient tissue.Endometrial thickness <5 mm
0 1 -
Atrophic/inactive 213 167 167Proliferative 3 1 1Secretory/menstrual 0 0 0Hyperplasia 0 1 0Cancer 0 0 0
Total biopsies 235 197 192
ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS
Average endometrial thickness at inclusion: 2.20 mm Average endometrial thickness at the end of treatment (3 years): 2.17 mm
No significant change from a statistical point of view in terms of endometrial thickness was observed between admission and end of treatment.
Endometrial thickness of 8.3 mm was recorded for one patient 24 months after the start of treatment.The patient's histology revealed simple hyperplasia without atypical cytology.
Assessment of Breast Safety in women
treated during 3-year with Phyto Soya®
ACR BI-RADS classification for breast density
Type 1 :< 25 %breast is almost entirely fat
Type 2 : 25 - 50 %there are scattered fibroglandular densities
Type 4 > 75 %breast is extremely dense
Type 3 : 50 – 75%
Breast is heterogenously dense
MAMMOGRAPHY RESULTS
Mammographies
Admission(Sample
population of safety of
the extension)
Population mITT
Population smITT
Numbers 235 191 189
Missing 0 43 42
ACR1: number of normal mammographies
111 (47,2%) 81 (42,4 %) 81 (42,9%)
ACR2: number of mammographies with benign anomalies
122 (51,9%) 108 (56,5%) 106 (56,1 %)
ACR3: number of mammographies with anomalies that are likely benign
2 (0,9 %) 2 (1,0%) 2 (1,1%)
ACR4: number of mammographies with indeterminate or suspicious anomalies
0 0 0
ACR5: number of mammographies with anomalies suggesting the presence of cancer
0 0 0
ACR: American College of Radiology
MAMMOGRAPHY
RESULTS• Results of mammographies were similar to those observed during admission visit.
• No patients were classified as ACR4 or ACR5.
• There were no patients or populations whose category whose category changed from ACR1, 2 or 3 to ACR4 or 5.changed from ACR1, 2 or 3 to ACR4 or 5.
No significant change from a statistical point of No significant change from a statistical point of view in terms of ACR classification was observed view in terms of ACR classification was observed
between admission and between admission and end of treatment.end of treatment.
OVERALL TOLERANCE
• The only adverse recurring product-related side effects were gastrointestinal problems observed in 4.3% of women.
• Overall safety after 3 years was observed as "EXCELLENT” or "GOOD" by 99.1% of examiners and by 99.0% of patients from the mITT sample.
• ENDOMETRIUMENDOMETRIUM
These statistics fulfil the conditions for safety evaluations of the endometrium specified in the new European regulatory guidelines, which require a frequency of hyperplasia/cancer of the endometrium ≤ 2% 1 year after treatment.
• BREASTBREAST
The results of this study support the hypothesis that states that this specific extract of isoflavones does not increase breast density 3 years after treatment.
STUDY CONCLUSION
This study was carried out with PHYTO SOYA® specific and standardised extract of SOYA ISOFLAVONES:
50% daidzein
30% glycitein
20% genistein
This clinical study therefore should not be extrapolated to other SOYA ISOFLAVONE extracts
STUDY CONCLUSION
Menopause. 2007 Nov-Dec;14(6):1006-11.
Climacteric. 2010 Aug;13(4):368-75.
Daily administration of 70 mg of specific and standardised ISOFLAVONE
extract from
PHYTO SOYA®
for 3 years can be considered
a safe treatment for both the endometrium
and the breast
STUDY CONCLUSION