Info Tec GEA Chillers

GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH _396011_ti_sc_rc_gbr_5_.doc 1 28.02.2013

Chillers with Screw- and Reciprocating compressors Application Hints for Planners, Architects, Plant Manufacturers and Installers

Technical Information

(Translation of the original text)

TECHNICAL INFORMATION CHILLERS WITH SCREW- AND RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS Application Hints for Planners, Architects, Plant Manufac-turers and Installers

2 _396011_ti_sc_rc_gbr_5_.doc GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH 28.02.2013

COPYRIGHT All Rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied or published by means of printing, photocopying, microfilm or otherwise without prior written consent of

GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH

herein after called manufacturer. This restriction also applies to the corresponding drawings and diagrams.

LEGAL NOTICE This documentation has been written in all conscience. However, the manufacturer cannot be held responsible, neither for any errors occurring in this documentation nor for their consequences.



PREFACE Installing liquid chillers in the member states of the European Union

EN 378 requirements

European directives serve the requirements of machines, systems and services and favour a free turnover of goods and services within the European Union. The Member States of the European Union are obliged to transfer the contents of the directives into national law. So-called Harmonized Norms (EN) are published explaining the requirements of the directives for the purpose of supporting and instigating the directives.

In the field of refrigeration technology, the Norm EN 378 is of particular relevance. In its four parts, the require-ments for the safety of persons and property, as well as the local and global environment, are determined for sta-tionary and mobile refrigerating systems and heat pumps of any size. This leaflet acquaints the reader with the EN 378 requirements for chillers and provides a general overview of the requirements placed upon both the system installation and refrigerant selection.

In the Member States of the European Union, additional regulations may prevail (e.g. BGR 500/2.36 in Germany).



TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Application Hints for Planners, Architects, Plant Manufacturers and Installers .............................. 8

1.1 Machinery room (acc. to EN 378: Special Machinery Rooms) ........................................... 8 1.2 Refrigerant classes ............................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Installation areas ............................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Examples of machinery room arrangements ...................................................................... 9 1.5 Installation in buildings ..................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Refrigerant fill up quantities based on the installation location of the equipment

[EN 378-1:2012-08; Appendix C] ..................................................................................... 11 1.7 Practical Limits for different refrigerants ........................................................................... 13 1.8 Comparison between Ammonia systems and refrigerating systems with A1-refrigerant

charges ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.9 Chillers using ammonia as a cooling medium. ................................................................. 14 1.10 Requirements for the hydraulic circuit .............................................................................. 15

1.10.1 Application: Chiller in the consumer circuit ......................................................... 15 1.10.2 Application: Cooling Medium Circuit ................................................................... 18

1.11 Remote condenser .......................................................................................................... 19 1.12 Water quality requirements, parameters .......................................................................... 24 1.13 Use of filters ..................................................................................................................... 25



TABLE OF FIGURES fig. 1: Machinery room arrangement, example 1 .................................................................................... 9 fig. 2: Machinery room arrangement, example 2 .................................................................................... 9 fig. 3: location on 1st basement floor .................................................................................................... 10 fig. 4: location on 1st basement floor .................................................................................................... 10 fig. 5: location on upper floor ................................................................................................................ 11 fig. 6: Hydraulic circuit with dual circuit buffer tank ............................................................................... 15 fig. 7: Blocking the external vapour condenser. .................................................................................... 19 fig. 8: Blocking the external air cooled condenser ................................................................................ 20 fig. 9: Blocking the external air cooled condenser for oil cooling via a separate refrigerant circuit. ....... 21 fig. 10: Thermosyphone oil circuit ......................................................................................................... 22 fig. 11: Corrosion resistance in presence of chlorides .......................................................................... 25



1 APPLICATION HINTS FOR PLANNERS, A R C H ITE C TS , P LA N T MANUFACTURERS AND INSTALLERS

1.1 Machinery room (acc. to EN 378: Special Machinery Rooms) Room only used for installation of the entire chiller or parts of the chiller. It is only accessible for maintenance and repair of the chiller by authorized personnel [EN 378-1:2012-08; 3.2.2].

1.2 Refrigerant classes Refrigerant is classified according to flammability and toxicity. The following table provides an overview of the refrigerant classes used in chillers.

See also EN 378-1:2012-08; Appendix E.

Refrigerant class Safety group

Refrigerant

A1 R134a, R404A, R407C,R410A, R507A

B2 R717

1.3 Installation areas The installation areas for chillers are divided into three areas. These installation classes are classified according to the corresponding safety requirements.

Class A

Presence of persons of uncontrolled number (e.g. public buildings, hospitals, dwelling houses, theatres, su-permarkets, schools, hotels, etc.)

Class B

Presence of persons of limited number some of them are acquainted with the special conditions and the gen-eral safety requirements (e.g. office- and business buildings, laboratories, rooms for general manufacture and work)

Class C

Rooms and buildings to which only authorized persons are granted access (e.g. production buildings, cold stores, dairies, slaughterhouses, non-public areas of supermarkets) [EN 378-1:2012-08; 4.2.4]



1.4 Examples of machinery room arrangements

fig. 1: Machinery room arrangement, example 1

fig. 2: Machinery room arrangement, example 2

The installation of an entry to the machinery room only from outside (Image 1) or the installation of an airlock (Im-age 2) shall help prevent direct access to the machinery room. The selection of this arrangement allows all the other parts of the building to shift into Class C.



1.5 Installation in buildings location on 1st basement floor

Thanks to the separate entrance to the machinery room in this hotel (Image 3) the installation will be made in another Class 3 area with unlimited filling quantities. The basement levels will also not have any limits, if all other requirements are met for machinery rooms.

See also EN 378-1:2012-08; 3.2 and Appendix C as well as EN 378-1:2012-08; 4.2.

fig. 3: location on 1st basement floor

location on 2nd basement floor

In Image 4 the machinery room has not separate entrance. Hence, the room with access to the machinery room may be occupied solely by authorized instructed personnel in accordance with installation area class C EN 378.

fig. 4: location on 1st basement floor



location on upper floor

The machinery room has a separate access via the staircase and solely authorized personnel are granted access. Hence, the location in figure 5 again complies with class C EN 378 -1:2008-06 without restrictions concerning the charge.

fig. 5: location on upper floor

1.6 Refrigerant fill up quantities based on the installation location of the equipment [EN 378-1:2012-08; Appendix C]

The evaporator in the chiller cools the liquid cooling agent in a closed system. It thus has on direct contact with the cooling agent. Thus the chiller has its cooling agent constantly in an indirect system in accordance with EN 378-1:2012-08; 4.1.3.

The following table is an excerpt from Table C.1 of 378-1:2012-08; Appendix C, the filling levels apply to the indi-rect system.

Refrigerant class

Installation area Installation site Charge

A1

Class A General installa-tion area

no machinery room < PGW1 x V2

Compressor and liquid receiver in a machinery room without access for personnel or outside

no restriction

all refrigerant-containing parts in machinery room with no personnel access or in the open

no restriction

Class B Monitored instal-lation area

no machinery room In the lower or upper floor without sufficient emergency exits: < PGW1 x V2 Otherwise no limits

1 PGW practical limitations [kg/m3], see EN 378-1:2012-08; Appendix F3 and Appendix E

2 V: Room volume [m3]



Refrigerant class

Installation area Installation site Charge

and Class C Installation areas which only per-mitted individuals can access


no restriction


no restriction

independent of installation site no restriction

B2

Class A General installa-tion area

no machinery room < PGW1 x V2


< PGW1 x V2


no restriction, if no direct connection to class A and B areas and exit to the outdoors exists

Class B Monitored instal-lation area

no machinery room 10 kg


no restriction, no direct connection to occupied areas


no restriction, no direct connection to occupied areas

Class C Installation areas which only per-mitted individuals can access

no machinery room 50 kg with max. 1 person/10 m2 surface and sufficient emergency exits, otherwise 10 kg


no restriction


no restriction



1.7 Practical Limits for different refrigerants The highest refrigerant concentration in an area where personnel are present, which do not require acute meas-ure for an escape are defined in accordance with EN 378-1:2012-08; Appendix F.3.1 as practical limit (kg refriger-ant / m room volume).

Refrigerant Refrigerant class Practical limit according to EN 378-1-1:2012-08

Appendix tables E.1, E.2 and E.3

R134a A1 0,25 kg/m3

R404A A1 0,48 kg/m3

R407C A1 0,31 kg/m3

R410A A1 0,44 kg/m3

R507A A1 0,49 kg/m3

R717 B2 0,00035 kg/m3

1.8 Comparison between Ammonia systems and refrigerating systems with A1-refrigerant charges

General requirements

A1 NH3

Pressure release equipment on every pressurized basis [EN 378-2:2012-08; 6.2.6.2 Image1 - Part B] required required

Display equipment for the use of pressure release equipment of more than 300 kg cooling medium filling levels [EN 378-2:2012-08; 6.2.6.5] required required

Pressure release in the refrigeration equipment [EN 378-2:2012-08; 6.2.6.2] required required

Blow-off line after the pressure release equipment [EN 378-2:2012-08; 6.2.6.6 d)]

may blow into the machinery room,

if the practical limits in EN 378-1:2012-08; Table E.1 are not ex-

ceeded

free of danger outside or into an absorption

device

Use of a type approved pressure limiter and a second parallel electrically series-connected type approved safety pressure limiter with pressure re-lease device for the compressor with a total volume flow > 25 l/s [EN 378-2:2012-08; 6.2.6.2 Image 1 - Part B]

required required



Requirements when locating the refrigerating system in a machinery room

A1 NH3

Installation of a remote shut down switch for the equipment (Emergency OFF) outside of the machinery room near the door, in addition to that in the machinery room [EN 378-3:2012-08; 5.1f) and 5.8]

required required

Machinery room ventilation [EN 378-3:2012-08; 5.16] 3 4 required required

Monitoring of refrigerant leaks through detectors [EN 378-3:2012-08; 7.1] and alarm activation when the practical limit is exceeded (see "practical limits for various cooling mediums") [EN 378:2012-08; 7.3; 8] 5

required required 6

Provision of personal safety equipment [EN 378-3:2012-08; Appendix A2] required required

Provision of respiratory protective devices with filter (full face mask) or self-contained breathing apparatus [[EN 378-3:2012-08; A.2 and A.3] required required

Installation of an emergency body shower and an eye shower [EN 378-3:2012-08; A.3.4] not required required

7

Detectors in cooling and heating agent circuits [EN 378-3:2012-08; 8.7] not required required 8

1.9 Chillers using ammonia as a cooling medium. In general damage to the evaporator/condenser (e.g. plate fracture) creates the danger that he media will mix.

It may cause ammonia to flow to the liquid side of the heat exchanger.

Caution!

It creates the danger of mixing of media.

To prevent subsequent damage to the hydraulic system, measures need to be taken on the building die. They may take the form of:

3 The machinery room needs to be equipped with a mechanical ventilation system, which can be switched on and off outside of the machinery

room [EN 378-3:2012-08; 5.1g)]

4 The mechanical ventilation needs to be activated by refrigerant detectors when the lower alarm limit is reached, when the ventilation fails an alarm needs to be set off. [EN 378-3:2012-08; 5.16.3]

5 he mechanical ventilation needs to be activated by refrigerant detectors when the lower alarm limit is reached, when the ventilation fails an alarm needs to be set off. [EN 378-3:2012-08; 5.16.3]

6 In ammonia refrigeration equipment the lower limit is 500 ppm (V/V); the upper limit 30,000 ppm (V/V) [EN 378-3:2012-08; 8.7]

7 when filling >1000 kg ammonia [EN 378-3:2012-08; Appendix A.3.4]

8 when filling >500 kg ammonia



1. Separator heat exchangersin glycol systems with copper piping.

Should a copper heat exchanger be installed in the cooling agent circuit and the chiller operate using ammo-nia as the cooling medium, then a double indirect system can be installed (see also EN 378-1:2012; 4.4.2.4).

It means that an additional heat exchanger is installed between the cooling agent flowing to the chiller and the cooling agent consumer circuit to assure hydraulic decoupling.

Only then will it be possible to prevent the cooling agent from entering the cooling agent consumer circuit and prevent any subsequent damage in the event of a leak in the condenser/heat exchanger in the chiller.

2. or

NH3-sensors in the pipe system close behind the heat exchangers.

Ammonia sensors need to be installed in the piping system near the outlet from the heat exchang-er/evaporator, which will detect the presence of ammonia in the cooling agent solution.

1.10 Requirements for the hydraulic circuit The use of plate heat exchangers as evaporators or condensers requires uncontaminated cooling agents and cooling media.

Generally closed systems are selected for the refrigerant circuit (evaporator). The cooling agent needs to free of fine particles > 0.9 mm at the inlet to the heat exchanger.

To ensure this media quality even under difficult conditions, an appropriate filter may need to be installed on site at the inlet to the heat exchanger.The mesh in such filters needs to be 0.9mm.

Should the chiller remain in operations through filter cleaning, then double filters need to be installed. Pressure loss due the filter need to taken into consideration when configuring the pump.

1.10.1 Application: Chiller in the consumer circuit

fig. 6: Hydraulic circuit with dual circuit buffer tank

1 Chiller 2 Primary circuit- cooling agent pump, chiller circuit 3 Filter 4 Check valve primary circuit-cooling agent pump; only needed if more than one chiller is available on the production side 5 Storage tank, hydraulic deviation 6 Safety valve cooling agent circuit



7 Compensating ring refrigerant circuit 8 Automatic venting refrigerant circuit 9 Filling valve refrigerant circuit 10 Secondary circuit- refrigerant pump, consumer circuit 11 Consuming devices

Requirements for the hydraulic circuit

A reservoir is installed between the generator and consumer (double-pipe connection). Circuit corresponds to diagram.

The hydraulic spur shall be designed to assume the function of a storage tank/ stratefied storage tank. Tank volume VTank shall be determined as follows:

Q0 min minimum cooling capacity for the chiller [kW]

KT Refrigerant density [kg/m]

cp KT Specific heat of the refrigerant [kJ/kg K]

t neutral zone for controller [K]

The ascertained tank volume may be reduced by the volume of the primary refrigerant circuit (chiller heat ex-changer of the incoming and outgoing refrigerant lines).

The required volume of the stratified storage tank in the cold water circuit with start-up temperatures of 1C shall be expanded by 50%!

To form a decent temperature stratification care should be taken so that the charging and discharging of the cool-ing agent is carried out horizontally in the tank, immediately on the tank floor or the below the tank top. The inflow velocity in the tanks needs to be < 0.1m/s.

The primary circuit cooling agent pump runs with constant volume flows.

The swept volume in the primary circuit pump equals that of the secondary circuit pump.

Should several chillers be run parallel on consumer circuit the following shall also apply in addition to that above:

All chillers (cooling generators) shall be have their hydraulic run in parallel, the pressure losses are the same.

To calculate the minimum tank volume VTank the minimum cooling capacity for the large chiller shall be used:

Q0 min minimum cooling capacity for the largest chiller [kW]

KT Refrigerant density [kg/m]

cp KT Specifica heat of the refrigerant [kJ/kg K]

t neutral zone for controller [K]



In this case the following shall also apply:

The ascertained tank volume may be reduced by the volume of the primary refrigerant circuit (chiller heat ex-changer of the incoming and outgoing refrigerant lines).

The required volume of the stratified storage tank in the cold water circuit with start-up temperatures of 1C shall be expanded by 50%!

To form a decent temperature stratification care should be taken so that the charging and discharging of the cool-ing agent is carried out horizontally in the tank, immediately on the tank floor or the below the tank top. The inflow velocity in the tanks needs to be < 0.1m/s.

Each chillers has its own cooling agent pump, which operate with a constant volume flow.

Volume flow for the FKS cooling agent pump 1 to n

i = 1.... n

i = 1 to n

n 8 = maximum number of chillers Q0i Cooling capacity for the chiller [kW]

Refrigerant density [kg/m]

cp Specific heat of the Cooling agent [kJ/kg K]

t Project Temperature difference inlet-outlet cooling agent, project [K]

The swept volumes in the cooling agent circuit based on the cooling capacity of each chiller needs to be the same, i.e. pumps with the same capacity need to be used for chillers of the same type.

The total swept volume in the consumer circuit is the total volume in the generator circuit.

Total swept volume consumer circuit

On the building side assurance needs to be made that uncontaminated cooling agent flow through the evapo-rator. The cooling agent needs to be free of particles >0.9mm at the inlet to the evaporator. To make sure that this media quality is provided an appropriate filter needs to be installed on the building side.

The mesh for such a filter needs to be 0.9mm.

Should the chiller need to remain in operation during filter cleaning, double filters need to be used.

Pressure loss through the filter need to be taken into consideration on the building side when designing the pump circuit.

In addition to inspection for mechanical contamination the cooling agent needs to be specifically examined for chloride. Depending on the plate material (see documentation) the chloride levels in the "Requirements for water quality, limits" chapter can be tolerated.



1.10.2 Application: Cooling Medium Circuit

Cooling medium circuits server to supply the chiller condenser.

In an open circuit the cooling medium is re-cooled via an open heat exchanger. In doing so the cooling medium has direct and intense contact with the ambient air.

In closed systems the cooling medium does not come into direct contact with the ambient air.

In closed and particularly in open systems assurance needs to be made that uncontaminated cooling media flow through the evaporator on the building side. The cooling medium needs to be free of particles >0.9mm at the inlet to the evaporator. To make sure that this media quality is provided an appropriate filter needs to be installed on the building side.

The mesh for such a filter needs to be 0.9mm!

Should the chiller need to remain in operation during filter cleaning, double filters need to be used.

Pressure loss through the filter need to be taken into consideration on the building side when configuring the pump.

In addition to inspection for mechanical contamination the cooling medium needs to be specifically examined for chloride. Depending on the plate material (see documentation) the chloride levels in the "Requirements for water quality, limits" chapter can be tolerated.



1.11 Remote condenser Should a chiller with external condenser be shut down when the outside temperatures are very low (outside tem-perature < machine temperature), then cooling medium may collect in the condenser. The low outside tempera-tures keep the condensation in the condenser.

Upon start-up the compressor will not have enough refrigerant on the suction side. It will not be able to pump enough, build up pressure and thus press the refrigerant out of the condenser. Suction pressure will then fall cre-ating suction pressure disruptions.

Caution!

Block the inlet and outlet of the condenser during shut-down. It prevents liquid refrigerant from collecting in the condenser and thus avoid functional disruptions.

Blocking the external vapour condenser.

fig. 7: Blocking the external vapour condenser.

1 Refrigerant inlet - condenser 2 Refrigerant outlet - condenser H = Hmin + 0.5m



Blocking the external air cooled condenser

fig. 8: Blocking the external air cooled condenser

1 Refrigerant inlet - condenser 2 Refrigerant outlet - condenser H = Hmin + 0,5m



Blocking the external air cooled condenser for oil cooling via a separate refrigerant circuit.

fig. 9: Blocking the external air cooled condenser for oil cooling via a separate refrigerant circuit.

1 Refrigerant inlet - condenser 2 Refrigerant outlet - condenser 3 Oil cooling - refrigerant inlet 4 Oil cooling - refrigerant outlet H = Hmin + 0,5m

Motor driven valve inlet condenser (1) and motor driven valve outlet condenser (2), and additional for suggestion 3 motor driven valve refrigerant inlet (3) and motor driven valve refrigerant outlet (4), are controlled depending on compressor operation and ambient outside temperature.

Compressor ON Motor valves OPEN

Compressor stopping and Outside temperature < set value

Motor valves CLOSED

Hint!

In this control mode (see images 7, 8 and 9) a feedback signal from the motor driven valves is required.



Oil cooling using the thermosyphone principal

Hint!

Please find on the following page the minimal required heights of the condenser for thermosy-phon oil cooling and adhere to it!

For the calculation of the minimal height Hmin take into consideration the entire pressure loss p in the circuit Condenser Receiver - Condenser via pipes, fittings, valves, condenser and receiver.

Hmin p / x g

p - pressure loss in Pa

- density of the refrigerant

g - gravity

The vapour return line of the oil cooler (6) must be connected as close as possible to the condenser inlet (see Figure).

fig. 10: Thermosyphone oil circuit

1 Hot gas 2 External condenser (air cooled or. evaporator) 3 Cooled oil 4 Hot oil 5 Liquid ammonia 6 Pipe 2 (vapour line)



7 Pipe 1 (liquid line) 8 Required height difference of condenser 065 Stop valve oil cooler 090 Stop valve oil charge and oil drain 200 Refrigerant cooled oil cooler 205 Thermosyphon sight glass 210 Oil drain 215 Thermostatic 3-way-valve 220 Stop valve - bypassing oil cooler 2400 HP-receiver 2405 Vent valve S Safety valve connection

Approximate values for the required height difference between HP receiver and condenser

Pressure loss of condenser (in Pa)

minimal required height difference (in m)

5,000 0.9

10,000 1.9

20,000 3.7

30,000 5.5

40,000 7.3

50,000 9.1

Recommended velocities

Liquid line Pipe 1 (7) 0.3 ... 0.8 m/s

Vapour line Pipe 2 (6) 2.0 ... 6.0 m/s

Hint!

Additional fittings (valves) and longer pipework in lines 1 or 2 will increase the height differ-ence. The vapour line, pipe 2 (6), needs to be constantly ascending above the inlet for the condenser. No dead ends may be created!



1.12 Water quality requirements, parameters All water bearing components of GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH give an optimum performance and maximum protection from corrosion, if you meet all recommended limiting values of VDI 3803 issue 2010-02 (Tab. B3) for non-corrosive water and adequate water conditioning.

Hint!

If you dont meet following rules for limiting values of non-corrosive water GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH can not give warranty for water contacted components. All components are designed for use with non-corrosive water. Water and glycol brine analysis is essential in protecting system components. Analyses prior to start up will prevent corrosion.

Following are shown required limiting values of VDI 3803, for use of carbon steel components in non corrosive water systems.

Appearance clear, without sediments

Colour colourless

Odour without

pH-level at 20C 7.5 - 9.0 Electrical conductivity LF mS/m < 220

Soil alkali Ca2+, Mg2+ mol/m < 0.5

General hardness, for stabilization GH d < 20

Carbonate hardness without hard-ness stabilizer KH d < 4

Chloride Cl g/m < 150

Sulphur SO4 g/m < 325

Active biological components KBE per ml < 10,000

Thickness factor EZ 2 - 4

The use of carbon steel and cast iron required in the most of applications water conditioning with corrosion inhibi-tors.

The use of stainless steel requires very special monitoring of water in apply to Chloride contents (risk of stress crack and pitting corrosion).

Hint!

Recommend for use fo plate heat exchangers in refrigerant circuit < 100 ppm Cl for the use of 1.4301 and maximum 40C wall temperatures in the plate heat ex-changer. < 200 ppm Cl for the use of 1.4401 and maximal 100C wall temperature in the plate heat ex-changer.



fig. 11: Corrosion resistance in presence of chlorides

Hint!

Manufacturer recommendation: Use uncontaminated cooling agents and cooling media, in par-ticular in chillers and the use of plate heat exchangers. The media quality needs to be assured through an appropriate filter on the inlet to the heat ex-changer. The mesh of such filters needs to be 0.9mm! Should the chiller remain in operations through filter cleaning, then double filters need to be installed. Pressure loss due the filter need to taken into consideration when designing the pump configuration.

GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH recommends enlisting the services of a reputable water conditioning compa-ny.

1.13 Use of filters

Caution!

To protect the heat exchanger (evaporator/condenser), the chillers with a water cooled conden-ser filters need to use a filter with a mesh no greater than 0.9mm in the cooling agent circuit. Installations without filters may impair the orderly function of the chiller and in addition cause significant damage to the equipment. Such damage is not covered by the the GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH guarantee.

GEA Refrigeration Technologies GEA Refrigeration Germany GmbH

Holzhauser Strasse 165 13509 Berlin Germany Phone +49 30 43 592 6 Fax +49 30 43 592 777 [email protected] www.gearefrigeration.com

1 APPLICATION HINTS FOR PLANNERS, ARCHITECTS, PLANT MANUFACTURERS AND INSTALLERS1.1 Machinery room(acc. toEN378: Special Machinery Rooms)1.2 Refrigerant classes1.3 Installation areas1.4 Examples of machinery room arrangements1.5 Installation in buildings1.6 Refrigerant fill up quantities based on the installation location of the equipment [EN 378-1:2012-08; Appendix C]1.7 Practical Limits for different refrigerants1.8 Comparison between Ammonia systems and refrigerating systems with A1-refrigerant charges1.9 Chillers using ammonia as a cooling medium.1.10 Requirements for the hydraulic circuit1.10.1 Application: Chiller in the consumer circuit1.10.2 Application: Cooling Medium Circuit

1.11 Remote condenser1.12 Water quality requirements, parameters1.13 Use of filters

Info Tec GEA Chillers

Documents

Transcript of Info Tec GEA Chillers