Info Sys Technology Lecture01

8/3/2019 Info Sys Technology Lecture01

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Foundations of

Information Systems in

Business


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Improves efficiency andeffectiveness of

business processes

Facilitates managerialdecision making

& workgroupcollaboration

Strengthenscompetitive position in

rapidly changingmarketplaces

Vital component ofsuccessful businesses

Why studyinformation systems andinformation technology?


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eCourier Tracks customer

satisfaction in real time

Immediate attention to

complaints, problems Allows GPS tracking of

couriers and orders

Books 95% of deliveriesonline

Uses See Why softwareto spot trends and anomalies

Optimizes system on an ongoing basis


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Cablecom

Uses online surveys to retain customers

Responds to complaints and problems within 24hours

Bryan Cave

Optimizes resources while delivering highestcustomer value

Allows lawyers to track budgets in real time Provides diversity dashboard

Enables firm to monitor client needs

Allows quick response to demands


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Any organizedcombination of

Policies andprocedures

Data resources

Communicationnetworks

Hardware and

software

Stores, retrieves, transforms,and disseminates information

in an organization

People


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The use of computer hardware and

software, telecommunications

networks, computer-based data

resource management techniques

and technologies to transform data

resources into a variety of

information products for consumersand business professionals.


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They werent computerized

Smoke signals

Library card catalogs

Book bag, day planner, and notebooks Cash registers

Accounting ledger


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Hardware, software, datamanagement, telecommunications

networks

To support inter-connected

information systems

Finding ways to use informationtechnology; includes designing basic

information system components

Emphasizes the quality, strategicbusiness value, and security of anorganizations information systems

Technology

Applications

Development

Management


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A system is

A set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together

To achieve a common set of objectives

By accepting inputs and producing outputs

In an organized transformation process


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Input

Capturingandassemblingelementsthat enter

the systemto be

processed

Processing

Transforma-tion processconvertsinput into

output

Output

Transferringtransformedelements to

theirultimate

destination


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All systems have input, processing, output

A cybernetic system, a self-monitoring, self-

regulating system, adds

Feedback system performance data

Control monitoring and evaluating feedback to

determine whether a system is moving toward the

achievement of its goal


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A system that is a component of a larger system is asubsystem

The larger system is an environment

Several systems may share one environment

Connected via a shared boundary (interface)

Types of systems

Open and Adaptive


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InformationSystem Resources

People Information

Hardware Networks

Software Data


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PEOPLE RESOURCES

Specialists- system analysts, software developers, system operatorsEnd users anyone else who uses information systems

HARDWARE RESOURCES

Machines computers, video monitors, magnetic disk drives, printers, optical

scanners,

Media floppy disks, magnetic tape, optical disks, plastic cards, paper forms

SOFTWARE RESOURCES

Programs operating systems, spreadsheet, word processing payroll

Procedures data entry procedures, error correction procedures, paycheck

distribution procedures

DATA RESOURCES

Product descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventory databases

NETWORK RESOURCES

Communications media, communication processors, network access, control software

INFORMATION PRODUCTS

Management reports and business documents using text and graphic displays, audioresponses and paper forms


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Data are raw facts, typically about physicalphenomena or business transactions Specifically, objective measurements of the attributes of

entities

Information is data that was converted intomeaningful and useful context for end users

Aggregated, manipulated, and organized

Analyzed and evaluated

Placed in proper context for a human user


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Output

Input

Processing

Storage

Control


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INPUT: optical scanning of bar-coded tags on merchandise

PROCESSING: Calculating employee pay, taxes, and other payroll

deductions

OUTPUT: Producing reports and displays about sales performance

STORAGE: Maintaining records on customers, employees, and

products.

CONTROL: Generating audible signals to indicate proper entry of

sales data.


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Business professionals should be able to look at an

information system and identify

The people, hardware, software, data, and network

resources they use The type of information products they produce

The way they perform input, processing, output, storage,

and control activities


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In groups of 5 students, List down all datacontained in the following system: Submit

and discuss.

Sales and

Marketing

Finance

/accounting

Human

resourcesystem

University

Customer

service

Sales order

Sales reportSales

commission

Promotional

Payroll

Billing

Accounts

receivableledger

Employee

records

Benefits

TrainingCompensation

Employee skills

inventory

Registration

Admission

Student records

Grade recordsCourse records


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After having gathered the data for eachdepartment: finance, sales, Human resource,

university. Create only one form using

spreadsheet, from one of the items listed.

For example:

in sales , create a sales report using excel, with

all data it should contain

In finance: create a payroll form in excel

In Human resource: create an employee record

form in excel

In university: create a registration form.

Submit through email for each group


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Jefferson State University: Recognizing IS components

Students in the College of Business Administration of Jefferson StateUniversity use their desktop and laptop microcomputers for a variety ofassignments. For example, a student may use a word processingprogram stored on the microcomputer systems hard disk drive andproceed to type a case study analysis . When the analysis is typed,edited, and properly formatted to an instructors specifications, thestudent may save it on a floppy disk, e-mail a copy to the instructor via

the internet, and print out a copy on the systems printer. If thestudent tries to save the case study analysis using a file name he or shehas already used for saving another document, the program will displaya warning message and wait until it receives and additional command.

Make an outline to identify the information system components in theexample:

Identify the people, hardware, software, network, and dataresources and the information products of the informationsystem.

Identify the input, processing , output, storage and controlactivities that occurred.


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How could the use of information technology helpa small business to be more successful such as thefollowing:

Describe the organizations mission and vision.

Bayan telecommunications First web academy

Department of Science and technology.

Identify the people, hardware, software,network, and data resources and the

information products of the informationsystem.

Identify the input, processing , output,storage and control activities that occurred.


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Operations

Transaction processing

Process control

Enterprise collaboration

Updating of corporate databases

ManagementDecision support systems

Executive information systems


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Transaction Processing SystemsRecord and process business transactions

Sales, inventory, and accounting

Process Control Systems

Monitor and control physical processes

Using sensors to monitor refinery processes

Enterprise Collaboration Systems

Enhance team/workgroup communication

Email, video conferencing


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Batch Processing

Accumulate

transactions over timeand then process

periodically

Ex: Banks process all

checks in a batch at night

Online Processing

Process all

transactionsimmediately

Ex: A bank processes

ATM withdrawalsimmediately


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What do they do?

Provide information and support for

effective decision making by managers

Management

informationsystems

Decision

supportsystems

Executive

informationsystems


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Management Information Systems (MIS)

Reports and displays

Example: daily sales analysis reports

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Interactive and ad hoc support

Example: a what-if analysis to determine where tospend advertising dollars

Executive Information Systems (EIS) Critical information for executives and managers

Example: easy access to actions of competitors


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Provides expert advice

Credit application advisor

Expert

Systems

Creation, organization, disseminationof knowledge throughout company

Intranet access to

best business practices

KnowledgeManagement

Systems


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Helps get strategic advantage

Shipment tracking, e-commerce

StrategicInformation

Systems

Focus on operational and managerialapplication of basic business functions

Accounting, finance, marketing

Functional

Business

Systems


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Efficiency

Minimizes cost, time,

use of information

resources

Effectiveness

Supports business strategies

Enables business processes

Enhances organizational structure and culture

Increases customer and business value


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Application of IT

Businessintelligence

systems

Customerrelationship

management

Humanresource

management

Potential Harm

CollusionPrivacy

infringementInaccurateinformation


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Work stoppagesPotential

Risks

Government intervention

Consumer boycotts

IncentivesPossibleResponses

Certification

Codes of ethics


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What uses of IT might be considered improperor harmful to other individuals or society?

What is the proper business use of the Internetor a companys IT resources?

How can you protect yourself from computercrime?


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Economic downturns affecting all jobsectors, including IT

Rising labor costs are pushing jobs toIndia, the Middle East, Asia-Pacific

Negative

IT employment opportunities strong,with new jobs emerging daily

Frequent shortages of IT personnel

Long-term job outlook is positiveand exciting

Positive


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Info Sys Technology Lecture01

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