INFN Nuclear physic applicationG. Cuttone

INFN-LNS

LEA Colliga meeting

Paris 23-24 Nov 2009

• In 90’ years INFN supported TERA in R&D project.

• INFN, in collaboration with University of Catania, realized in its laboratory (Lab. Naz. Del Sud) the first Italian

protontherapy facility.

• INFN has UNIQUE capability in Italy in accelerators development.

• Considering its particular features, INFN was involved in CNAO to guarantee the necessary expertise.

• In 2005 INFN was encharged by Health Minister to produce a document about protontherapy in our country.

INFN & Hadrotherapy

CATANA

LNS Accelerator Layout

Ocular Protontherapy

Unique Italian Facility

CATANA collaborationCentro di AdroTerapia e Applicazioni Nucleari

Avanzate

G. Cuttone D. RifuggiatoG.A.P. Cirrone A. AmatoL. Calabretta M.G. Sabini

Physics Department, University of CataniaCSFNSM

S. Lo Nigro F. Di Rosa

P.A. Lojacono V. Mongelli

I.V. Patti L.M. Valastro

A. Reibaldi J. Ott

M.L. Rallo

G. Privitera V. Salamone

L. Raffaele C. SpatolaRadiologic InstituteUniversity of Catania

Ophthalmologic InstituteUniversity of Catania

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud

Patient Distribution by Pathologies

Uveal Melanoma 189 patients

Conjunctival Melanoma 4 patients

Conjunctival rhabdomyosarcoma

1 patient

Eyelid Carcinomaand metastases

2 patient

Conjunctival MALT-NHL 1 patient

Conjunctival Papilloma 2 patient

TOTAL PATIENTS 199

SURVAIVAL RESULTSPatientsTotal Number

(April 2009)199

Dead patients 4

Metastatis 3

Other 1

Eye retention rate 95 %

TOTAL SURVIVAL 98 %

LOCAL CONTROL 95 %

C400: a novel approach to hadrontherapy

Based on the solid experience built in proton and carbon therapy, INFN with IBA and JINR is proposing today a cyclotron based solution for carbon beam therapy

We are collaborating with IBA-Elekta-CMS in the development of a new, improved treatment planning for carbon therapy

IBA is finalizing finalizing the agreement with Archade toinstall the prototype of C400 Carbon therapy system in Caen

Engineering view of the C400 MeV/u cyclotron

The C400 cyclotron design

Superconducting isochronous cyclotron,accelerating Q/ M = 1/ 2 ions to 400 MeV/ U( H2 + (up to 265 MeV/ u), Alphas, Li6 3+, B105+, C12 6+, N14 7+, 016 8+, Ne20 10+)

Design very similar to IBA PT cyclotron (15 units built) and INFN K800 , but with higher magnetic field thanks to superconducting coils, and increased diameter (6. 3 m)

Change of energy?

• The C400 cyclotron operates at fixed energy (400MeV/ u excepting for protons: 265 MeV)

• Energy change by graphite degrader at waist after cyclotron exit, followed by divergence slits and energy analyzer

• This very effectively decouples the accelerator from the patient

• Fragmentation products are created, but effectively eliminated in slits and ESS

• Yes, neutrons are produced, but the ESS is well shielded and the average beam current in PT or CT is very low so the activation is very limited

EnergyDegraderCourtesy by M. Schippers, PSI

Courtesy by Y. Jongen, IBA

Courtesy by A. Brahme

The proton-carbon facilityAccelerator 230 MeV

FBR Proton/Carbon Gantry Room 1

ESS Research lines

Proton Gantry Room

Accelerator p, 12C

Proton/CarbonGantry Room 2

Aim and features of the INFN TPS project

• Contribute to the development of innovative TreatmentPlanning Systems for therapy with ion beams (inparticular 12C, but not exclusively) for active voxelscanning applications

• To produce a well defined, certified and ready-to-usedeliverable in collaboration with an industrial partner →IBA (through associated Elekta-CMS)

• Collaboration with CNAO in Italy for testing

• Scientific collaboration with other European Institutes foraspects concerning nuclear physics and radiobiology

Areas of relevant competences within INFN

• Nuclear Physics• MC simulation• Optimization algorithms• Experimental Radiobiology• Monitoring “in beam”

these are the 5 tasks of the INFN TPS project

G. Cuttone

S.LerayOn the behalf of INFN- DSM/IRFU/SPhN CEA Saclay-GSI-ESA

collaboration

Extensive study of nuclear reactions of interest for Medical

and Space Applications

GSI PACFebruary 26-27th, 2009

Hadrontherapy Space Radiation

•Similar Nuclear Physics processes involved.

•A deeper understanding of the physics processes is required in both fields for having a better radiation

treatments and for getting safer interplanetary spaceflight.

•The measure of the fragmentation cross sections is an important information to estimate how this process

modifies dose distributions and biological effectiveness.

•Energy and mass range are very close

WHY Nuclear fragmentation Measurements are necessary in

Hadrontherapy and Space Radiation?

The ALADiN Spectrometer

ALL Fragments (Z≥ 2)Isotope Resolution

Protons...(but TOF)

The ALADiN Recipes

Upgraded Detector Setup

• The TOF requires good beam arrival time resolution (low Z identification)

• The heavy fragment angular distributions are quite narrow ( <100). We plan to improve the MUSIC backtracing (several meters) of the tracks to the target by:

1) Measuring the impact point of the beam on the target

2) Tracking the fragments just downstream the target

• Out of target interaction of the beam must be avoided/detected to reduce systematic errors

A B C

TARGET

BEAM

Instrumented target region

• A ® Start counter. Scintillator: gives the start to TOF measurement.• B Beam tracker. Gaseus detector: measures the beam impact point on

target event by event ( < 200 m spatial resolution) and detect eventual interaction of the beam in A

• C Vertex tracker. Si telescope: measures ( < 0.10 ) the line of flight of the fragments reaching the MUSIC.

Measuring the Positions and the Angles with Vertex and Music ONLY the momentum absolute value has to be calculated

Not to scale

GSI

CEA

INFN

INFN

Vertex Detec.

INFN

DAQ GSI+INFN+CEA

Installation: GSI

GSI

CEA

INFN

Data Analisys & Modelliing

INFN+ESA+CEA+GSI

lControl of setup 1 day per period of beam•C+C @ 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 AGeV 6 days•C+Au @ 0.2, 0.4 4 days•O+C @ 0.2, 0.4 4 days•Fe+Si @ 0.5 and 1.0 AGeV 4 days•Fe+C @ 1.0 AGeV 2 days•Calibration 2 days

Beam time: requested....

.. and obtained

C+C @ 0.2, 0.4 AGeVC+Au @ 0.2, 0.4

O+C @ 0.2, 0.4 Calibration

The total beam time approved is 33 BTU (11 Days). Experiment S371 @GSI

12C beam from CS

Target

Hodo Big Hodo small

LNS

Our Measurements at LNS :The Experiment

We already measured the 12C fragmentation on 197Au and 12C targets with 62 AMeV CS beams at LNS-INFN,

CataniaIn 2009 we plan to use different beams up to 80 AMeV.

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud , Catania - Sicily - Italy

Superconducting cyclotron

LNS – INFN, Catania

An hodoscope (hodo big and hodo small) composed of two-fold and three-fold telescopes has been used for identify fragments produced in the reaction and measure the energy (θlabbetween 0 and 20 )

LNS

Our Measurements at LNS :The Experiment

The Hodo-small, set up at a distance of 80 cm from the target consisted of 81 two-

fold telescopes: 300 µm Silicon detectors 1x1 cm2 of

active area followed by a 1x1 cm2 and 10 cm long CsI(Tl)

and covered the angular range θlab= 4.5 .

The Hodo-big, set up at a distance of 0.6 m from the target, consisted of 89 three-

fold telescopes 50 µm + 300 µm Silicon detectors both having 3x3 cm2 surface

followed by a 6 cm long CsI(Tl)of the same surface. It covered the angular

range θlab between 4.5 and 20

Hodo Small

Target

Hodo Big

E àCsI(Tl)

Comparison between experimental data and MC simulations

12C+ 197Au at 62 AMeV

Modelling has to be benchmarked and improved.

LET CALCULATION FOR PROTON BEAMSCHARGED PARTICLE PRODUCTION CROSS SECTION

PRELIMINARY COMPARISONS – LNS DATA AT 62 AMeV Carbon incident

• Wilson model based on a geometrical description largely differs from data

• General good agreement of JQMD in the reproduction of fragmentation spectra

• Better agreement of JQMD (as respect Binary Ion) with modification introduced by us in the evaporation part

• Worse agreement in the intermediate part of the spectra

INFN-LNS: production cross sections

International Scenario

• IAEA Benchmark of Spallation Models (Detlef Filges, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, Sylvie Leray, CEA Saclay, France, Gunter Mank, IAEA Vienna, Austria, Yair Yariv, Soreq NRC, Israel, Alberto Mengoni, IAEA Vienna, Austria)

• IAEA “Heavy Charged Particle Interaction Data for Radiotherapy” (G. Cuttone INFN, O.Jaekel DKFZ, A. Ferrari CERN, A. Heikkinen Univ. of Helsinki, T. Lomax PSI, H. Palmans NPL, H.Paganetti. MGH, M.C. Morone INFN & Univ. of Rome Tor Vergata, M. Quesada Sevilla Univ.,R. CapoteNoy & S. Vatnisky IAEA Vienna, )

• ESA SEENoTC (Energetic particle radiation and its effects on systems, payloads and humans) Field of Interest: Ion fragmentation (50 AMeV à 1000 AMeV)

GSI-INFN-IN2P3/CEA• LPC Caen, M. Labalme,J. Colin, D. Cussol• IPHC Strasbourg, F.Haas• IPN Lyon, C. Ray, E.Testa• GANIL, M.G. Saint- Laurent• GSI, R. Pleskac• INFN, C. Agodi, G. Cuttone

We are starting a discussion table on regular basis for exchanging experience, results and programs on nuclear physic activities in the

next two years (GSI, Ganil, INFN-LNS) applied to Hadrontherapy.

First meeting has been held yesterday in Paris.

BNCT is based on the ability of the isotope 10B to capturelow energy neutrons to produce two highly energeticparticles with low range in tissue, namely shorter than amammalian cell diameter.

What is BNCT ?Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

gamma0.48 MeV10B

0.84 MeV7Li

1.47 MeV

4He(alpha)

nth

BNCTStatus of art

• About 600 patients have been treated since the firstBrookhaven trial, dated on 1951.

• Recent results on about 200 patients point out that BNCTis a successful therapy for:

• Head-Neck recurrent tumours•Recurrent Glioblastoma tumour•Malignant Melanoma of skin and mucosas

BNCT is nowadays performed in 4 centres by usingresearch nuclear reactors. In the world, there are 10 newBNCT projects. All of them are accelerator-based BNCTprojects.

32

The accelerator-based BNCT Legnaro project

Proof-of-principle facility design layout

ü beam particle: protonü beam energy: 5 MeVü beam current: 30 mAü beam power: 150 kW

SPES RFQ main specifications

φn th (≤ 0.5 eV) ≥ 109 [cm-2 s-1]φ n th / φ n total ≥ 0.90Dn epi+fast / φn th ≤ 2· 10-13[Gy cm2]Dγ / φn th ≤ 2· 10-13[Gy cm2]

In-air beam port quality requirements

•

•

150 kW neutron converter

IAEA-TECDOC-1223 IAEA. May 2001

BNCT building layout

Thank you for your attention