INFLUENZA A H 1 N 1INFLUENZA A H 1 N 1

R P VASHIST,M.DR P VASHIST,M.D..

HEAD PUBLIC HEALTHHEAD PUBLIC HEALTH

Re-assortment and Direct TransmissionRe-assortment and Direct Transmission

HumanHuman virusvirus

ReassortantReassortantvirusvirus

Non-humanNon-humanvirusvirus

Human to human spread

Pigs not involved

in transmission

NEW VIRUS-major threatNEW VIRUS-major threat

a novel influenza a novel influenza H1N1 A virus that has H1N1 A virus that has not been identified in not been identified in people before, and people before, and human-to-human human-to-human transmission of the transmission of the virus is ongoing and virus is ongoing and thus represents a real thus represents a real pandemic threatpandemic threat

TransmissionTransmission Transmission is mainly Transmission is mainly

person-to-person through person-to-person through coughing or sneezing by coughing or sneezing by infected peopleinfected people

Disease spreads very quickly Disease spreads very quickly among the population among the population especially in crowded places.especially in crowded places.

People may become infected People may become infected by touching/handling by touching/handling something contaminated with something contaminated with flu viruses and then touching flu viruses and then touching their mouth or nose.their mouth or nose.

Not transmitted by food. Not transmitted by food.

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

are similar to the are similar to the symptoms of symptoms of regular human regular human seasonal influenza like fever, lethargy, fever, lethargy, lack of appetite lack of appetite andand coughcough. Some people . Some people have also reported have also reported runny nose, sore runny nose, sore throat, nausea, throat, nausea, vomiting vomiting andand diarrhea diarrhea

How Long Can an Infected Person Spread it to Others?

People are contagious as long as they have symptoms, and

up to 10 days after they become sick Children, especially infants, may be

contagious for longer periods Viruses can live 2 hours or longer on

surfaces like tables, desks, and doorknobs.

CASE DEFINITION- CASE DEFINITION- suspected suspected casecase

is defined as a person is defined as a person with acute febrile respiratory with acute febrile respiratory illness (fever ≥ 38o C) illness (fever ≥ 38o C)

with onset within 10 days with onset within 10 days of close contact with a person of close contact with a person who is a confirmed case of who is a confirmed case of influenza A H1N1 infection,influenza A H1N1 infection,

oror with onset  within 10 days of with onset  within 10 days of travel to areas having travel to areas having confirmed influenza A H1N1 confirmed influenza A H1N1 cases, cases,

Or Or resides in a resides in a community where there are community where there are confirmed influenza confirmed influenza AH1N1cases. AH1N1cases.

Swine Flu: Educating the PublicSwine Flu: Educating the Public

Covering nose and mouth Covering nose and mouth with a hanky/ tissue when with a hanky/ tissue when coughing or sneezing coughing or sneezing

Washing hands with soap Washing hands with soap and water and water – – especially after especially after coughing or sneezing.coughing or sneezing.

Avoiding close contact with Avoiding close contact with sick peoplesick people

Avoiding touching eyes, Avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth with nose or mouth with unwashed handsunwashed hands

If sick with influenza, staying If sick with influenza, staying home from work or school home from work or school and limit contact with others and limit contact with others

FAQ- What should I do to keep FAQ- What should I do to keep from getting the flu?from getting the flu?

First and most important:First and most important: wash your hands frequently. wash your hands frequently. Try to stay in good general health.Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, Get plenty of sleep, be physically active,

manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.eat nutritious food.

Avoid touching surfaces that may be Avoid touching surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus.contaminated with the flu virus.

Avoid close contact with people having Avoid close contact with people having respiratory illness.respiratory illness.

FAQ-Are there medicines to treat FAQ-Are there medicines to treat swine flu?swine flu?

Yes. The use of oseltamivir for the treatment of Yes. The use of oseltamivir for the treatment of infection with these influenza viruses is infection with these influenza viruses is recommended. Antiviral drug/s fight against the recommended. Antiviral drug/s fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). 2 days of symptoms).

FAQ-Can surfaces be most likely to be FAQ-Can surfaces be most likely to be

sources of contaminationsources of contamination??

Germs can spread when a person touches Germs can spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. mouth.

Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. infected person move through the air. Heavy droplets settle on surfaces ,in Heavy droplets settle on surfaces ,in addition discharge from nose etc can addition discharge from nose etc can contaminate the surfacescontaminate the surfaces

FAQ-How long can viruses live FAQ-How long can viruses live outside the body?outside the body?

We know that some viruses and bacteria We know that some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent hand washing will help you reduce the hand washing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces.these common surfaces.

FAQ-What can I do to protect myself from FAQ-What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?getting sick?

Currently available influenza vaccine does not protect against Currently available influenza vaccine does not protect against a H1H1 flu. There are everyday actions that can help prevent a H1H1 flu. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:

Cover your nose and mouth with a hanky/tissue when you cough or Cover your nose and mouth with a hanky/tissue when you cough or sneeze. sneeze.

Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. cough or sneeze.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. Try to avoid close contact with people having respiratory illness. Try to avoid close contact with people having respiratory illness. If one gets sick with influenza, one must stay at home, away from If one gets sick with influenza, one must stay at home, away from

work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them. However, if one is having any respiratory distress, one should them. However, if one is having any respiratory distress, one should report to a nearby hospital. report to a nearby hospital.

FAQ-FAQ-What are the emergency warning signs in What are the emergency warning signs in adults that need urgent medical attention adults that need urgent medical attention

Difficulty breathing or shortness of Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath breath

Pain or pressure in the chest or Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen abdomen

Sudden dizziness Sudden dizziness Confusion Confusion Severe or persistent vomitingSevere or persistent vomiting

Do’s and Don’ts:Do’s and Don’ts: Avoid close contact with people who are having Avoid close contact with people who are having

respiratory illness. respiratory illness. Sick persons should keep distance from others.Sick persons should keep distance from others. If possible, stay at home, away from work, school, and If possible, stay at home, away from work, school, and

public places when you are sick. public places when you are sick. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or

handkerchief when coughing or sneezing. handkerchief when coughing or sneezing. If you have no tissue or handkerchief you should not If you have no tissue or handkerchief you should not

clean the nose with the hands but with the cuff of your clean the nose with the hands but with the cuff of your shirt or clothes.shirt or clothes.

Washing your hands often with soap or alcohol based Washing your hands often with soap or alcohol based hand wash will help protect from germs.hand wash will help protect from germs.

Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.

Close ContactsClose Contacts of confirmed cases should be of confirmed cases should be advised to remain at home (voluntary home advised to remain at home (voluntary home quarantine) for the remaining days out of 10 quarantine) for the remaining days out of 10 days after the last contact with the case. days after the last contact with the case. Monitoring of fever should be done. Prompt Monitoring of fever should be done. Prompt testing and hospitalization must be done when testing and hospitalization must be done when symptoms are reported in the contactssymptoms are reported in the contacts

Chemo-prophylaxis should be given to contcts Chemo-prophylaxis should be given to contcts for period from 5-10 days as per the riskfor period from 5-10 days as per the risk

Swine Flu: Educating the Swine Flu: Educating the PublicPublic

Covering nose and mouth with a tissue when Covering nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing coughing or sneezing – – Dispose the tissue in Dispose the tissue in the trash after use.the trash after use.

Hand washing with soap and water Hand washing with soap and water – – Especially Especially after coughing or sneezing.after coughing or sneezing.

Cleaning hands with alcohol-based hand Cleaning hands with alcohol-based hand cleanerscleaners

Avoiding close contact with sick peopleAvoiding close contact with sick people Avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth with Avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth with

unwashed handsunwashed hands If sick with influenza, staying home from work If sick with influenza, staying home from work

or school and limit contact with others to keep or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting themfrom infecting them

KEEP THE SCHOOL PREMISES PROPERY CLEAN