Inflammation and Course Themes

Nancy Long Sieber, Ph.D.

Sept. 12, 2011

At Age

1900-1902Remaining Years of Expected Life

2003Remaining Years of Expected

LifeWhite Male

White Female

Black Male

Black Female

White Male

White Female

Black Male

Black Female

0 (Birth) 48 51 33 35 75 81. 69 7610 51 52 42 43 66 71 60 6720 42 45 35 37 56 61 51 5730 35 37 29 31 47 52 42 4840 28 29 23 24 38 42 33 3950 21 21 17 18 29 33 25 3060 14 15 13 14 21 24 18 2270 9 10 8 10 14 16 12 1580 5 6 5 6 8 10 8 10

Source : US CDC

Life Expectancy of Americans at Various Ages in 1900-’02 and 2003By Age, Gender and Race

http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/PTHL312abc/312a/02/Graphics/figure01.gif

Challenges and Adaptation

http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/images/CR007b.jpg

What is the significance of injury and toxicity?

• Tissues differ in their capacity for repair– Epithelial cells are continuously replaced– Nerve cells, in general, do not divide

• Organs also differ in their “safety factors”– All organs have some amount of excess

capacity– With aging and injury, the excess capacity is

lost, and this may lead to loss of function

http://www.wirednewyork.com/hotels/marriott_marquis/images/marriott_marquis_elevators.jpg

http://www.gkivdo.com/gkii/wire_3.jpg

Elevator cable for passenger elevators has a safety factor of about 11

Necrosis and Apoptosis

http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-3/image01.gif

Developing human hand before web apoptosis

http://www.i-am-pregnant.com/img/day48-hand.gif

Developing hand after web apoptosis

http://www.grg.org/breakingnews2001.htm

Modified from: http://www.chrononhotonthologos.com/inactive/strokedr/hbothera.htm

                                     

       

.

.Area of dead tissue(Ischemic core)

Ischemic penumbra where cells are irreversibly damaged.Cells in this region often undergo apoptosis in the hours after the stroke.

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/inflammation01a.jpg

Inflammation

Inflammation

Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 IL-6 TNF

LIVER

Positive acute phase reactants:

Fibrinogen

Serum amyloid A C-reactive Protein

C3

Haptoglobin

http://www.euromeds.co.uk/allergy-treatment-information.htm

Allergen binds to IgE, which links to mast cells, triggering release of histamine.

                                                                                              

http://www.easterncarolinaent.com/Allergy-Triggers-copy.jpg

Common Allergens

Autoimmune Disease

http://www.mctd.eu/images/AutoimmuneDisorder.jpg

http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html

Cancer

http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html

Stress Responses

2000

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 2000, 2010

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

2010

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity

http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&pg=1

In this abdominal MRI scan, it is possible to see subcutaneous fat around the abdomen, surrounding abdominal muscles. Visceral fat is deeper inside the abdomen, surrounding internal organs.It is the visceral fat that secretes IL-6, strongly suggesting a mechanistic link to systemic inflammation.

http://mednews.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/8947.html

The women in this study did not gain weight, but they did have an increase in abdominal fat

http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&dpg=10