Infectiousdiseases Infectious diseases · Patogenesis Liver, lungs, intestines, lymphatic organs...

2013

1

Infectious diseases

Avian and Exotic Animal ClinicUniversity of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic

VLADIMIR JEKL, DVM, PH.D., DIP. ECZM (SMALL MAMMAL)KAREL HAUPTMAN, DVM, PH.D

Ectoparazitic diseases

Endoparazitic diseases

Mycotic diseases

Viral diseases

Bacterial diseases

Infectious diseases

Influenza

Distemper

Aleutian disease

Gastritis – Helicobacter mustelae

Epizootic coronaviral enteritis

Mastitis


Infectious diseases in ferrets Influenza

Antropozoonosis

High morbidity 7-14 days

Low mortality

Transmission Aerosol

Direct contact

Incubation period 2-4 days

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2

Influenza

Clinical signs Sneezing

Epifora

Nasal and ocular discharge

Diagnostics

Contact with influenza within family

Clinical signs

RIA, PCR,ELISA

Influenza

Therapy (Amantadin)

(Zanamivir)

(Oseltamir)

Supportive care

Force-feeding

Secondary bacterial infection

Fluid therpay

ATB – amoxicilin-clavulanate

Distemper

CDV – Morbillivirus


Direct contact Ocualr discharge

Urine, faeces

Indirect contact


Distemper

Clinical signs Dermatitis – chin, perianal region

Cheylitis Orange colour

Anorexia, Apathy

Dyspnoe

Pruritus, Blefarospasmus

Mucopurulent ocular nad nasal discharge

Hard pad

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Distemper Distemper

Clinical signs Incooordination

Torticolis

Nystagmus

Seisures

+ immunosuppression

Distemper

Diagnostics IFA (first days of the disease)

Nested PCR

Postmortal

Immunofluorescence Lymphonodes, cerebellum

Mucosa

Brain demyelinization, Encefalitis

Inclusion bodies – IC, IN

Distemper

Therapy (anti-dog hyperimmune serum)

Prevention vaccination

(PureVAx Distemper vaccine)

6.-8. week

10.-12. week

14.-16. week

Revaccination once a year

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FECV, RNA virus

Highly contagious

High morbidity

Low mortality (older ferrets more sensitive)

Transmission Orofaecal route

Indirect - clothes



Virus present in faeces Up to 6 months

Termostable

Common disinfectant effective

Enterocyte destruction

malabsorption


Clincial signs

Young ferrets Acute gastroenteritis

Asymptomatic

Ferrets older than 3 years Acute/Chronic gastroenteritis

Vomitus, diarrhoea

Soft yellow to green faeces, „birdseed“

General weakness

Dehydration


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Diagnostics Electron mikroscopy

PCR

Histology


Therapy Rehydration

Easy digestible diet

ATB

H2-blocators, Antiemetics

(prednison – 0,5-1 mg/kg q12h)

Systemic coronaviral infection

FSCV

High mortality

Similar to FIP

Mastitis

Laktující fretky

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Mastitis

Lactation

Staphyloccocus, E. coli

Clinical signs Skin discoloration

Oedema, pain

Youngs – stunted growth/death

Therapy ATB

Surgical excision

Youngs – force-feeding


Ctenocephalides felis

Ticks

Otodectes cynotis


Demodicosis


Therapy

Ivermectin

Selamectin

Fipronil

Advantage (imidacloprid)

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7

Infectious diseases in rabbits

VHD

Myxomatosis

Treponematosis

Pasteurellosis

Facial abscessed

Coccidiosis


Dermatophytosis

Encephalitozoonosis

Viral haemorrhagical disease

Calicivirus

Highly contagious

High morbidity

High mortality

Transmission Direct contact

Indirect – air

Virus perzistence in urine

Age resistance to the diseases


Patogenesis Liver, lungs, intestines, lymphatic organs

DIC epistaxis, haemorrhages on and in organs

Incubation period 24-48 hod.

Clinical signs Apathy, immobility, tachypnoe, fever

Seizures, ataxy

Death


Diagnostics Typical course of the disease

Histopathology – liver, spleen

PCR

ELISA, HIT

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Vaccination Poor epizootic situation

First vaccination 6 weeks

Booster 10 weeks

Revaccination 6-12 months

Good epizootic situation First vaccination 10 weeks


Myxomatosis

Leporipoxvirus

Highly contagious

High morbidity

Mortality variable Amyxomatous form

Transmission Direct contac

Blood sucking insect

Myxomatosis

Patogenesis Replication in regional lymphonodes

Viraemia

Dissemiantion into predilection sites


Myxomatosis

Clinical signs Nodular skin changes

Oedeama – eyelids, lips, ears

Blepharoconjunctivitis

Blepsarospasm

Fever

Skin haemorrhages

Infertility, abort

(Seizures)

Immunosuppression

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Myxomatosis

Clinical signs

Myxomatosis

Diagnostics

Typical clinical signs

Histopathology Virus isolation

Therapy

(ATB)

Myxomatosis

Vaccination Poor epizootic situation

First vaccination 4 weeks

Booster 10 weeks


Good epizootic situation First vaccination 10 weeks


Bacterial respiratory infections

Pasteurella multocida

Staphyloccocus aureus

Bordetella bronchiseptica

(Mycoplasma)

(Mycobakteria)

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16 serotypes Pathogenic strains - A,D

Maternal antibodies till 8 weeks of age


Contact

Fomites

Copulation


Disease Resistance

Spontáneous elimination

Chronic carrier

Acute disease

Chronic disease


Clinical signs Respiratory tract infection

Rhinitis

Pneumonia


Clinical signs Respiratory tract infection

Rhinitis

Pneumonia

Conjunktivitis, dacryocystitis

Otitis media/interna

Pyometra/orchitis

SC abscesses

Septicaemia

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Diagnostics Clinical signs

Radiography

Rhinoskopy

Bacteriology

ELISA, serotypization


Therapy ATB

Chloramphenikol

Fluoroquinolones

T-sulpha

PNC G (parenterály)

Successfulness variable

Supportive care

Nebulization

Surgery

Sinusitis RHINOTOMY

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12

Sinusitis RHINOTOMY

Clinical signs Vestibular syndrome

Horner syndrome

Facial nerve paralysis

Subclinical infection

OTITISMEDIA NORMAL SEBUM PUS

2013

13

Rabbit, 6 years, females Mass close to the ear base – 3 cm

Otoscopy

Radiography

CT

CHRONIC OTITISMEDIA

KRÁLÍCI – OTITISMEDIADX DX

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DX

Králík, 6 let, samice Útvar u báze ušního boltce – 3 cm

Otoskopie – bil. zúžení ušního kanálu RTG

CT

ABLACE ZVUKOVODULATERÁLNÍ OSTEKTOMIE TYMPANICKÉ BULY

Chow et al. 2011

KRÁLÍCI – OTITISMEDIA

2013

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Therapy Myringotomy

Saline flushing

NSAID meloxikam 0,8 mg/kg PO/SC q12h

Buprenorfin 0,03 mg/kg IM/SC q6h

ATB T-sulfa 30 mg/kg PO q12h

PNC G 50.000 IU/kg IM q24h

OTITISMEDIA

2013

16

Fleas Ctenocephalides felis

Spilopsyllus cuniculi

ECTOPARAZITES IN RABBITS

Fleas Anaemia

Apathy

Pruritus


Cheylletiella parasitovorax Rabbits, (chinchilas)

Zoonosis

„walking dandruff“

Localisation Back

Between shoulders


Cheylletiella parasitovorax


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Psoroptes cuniculi


Therapy ivermectin

selamectin

imidacloprid (+moxidectin, + permethrin)

Advantage

Advocate pro kočky

Advantix

lufenuron

Fipronil – Contraindicated in rabbits


CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE

• Highly contagious

• High morbidity

• Multifactorial disease

– Mycoplasma pulmonis

S. pneumoniae, P. pneumotropica, Pseudomonas sp., B. bronchiseptica, Corynebacterium kutscheri

virus sialodacryoadeninity, Sendai virus


• Transmission

– Youngs (in utero)

– Adults

• Aerosol

• Direct contact

• Copulation

• Indirect – bedding material, etc.

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• Clinical signs

– Chromodacryorhea

– Sneezing, „buble“ sounds


• Clinical signs

– Dyspnoe


• Clinical signs

– Peripheral vestibular syndrome

• Circling

• Desorientation

• Torticolis


• Diagnostics

– Clinical signs

– Auscultation

– Otoscopy

– Bacteriology

– ELISA

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• Diagnostics

– Postmortal examination

– Pus in lung lumen, bronchiectasy, lung hepatization


• Differential diagnostics

– Anaemia



– Leukaemia, lymphoma



– Kidney failure

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– Malocclusion and nasall abscess formation



– Abdominal organ enlargement



– Abdominal organ enlargement



– Heart failure

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– Exposure to irritating agents

– „Allergic“ rhinitis

extremely rare


• Therapy

Flurochinolones + doxycyclin

ß-laktams + makrolids

Humidification

Oxygen

Nebulization


• Therapy

Topical decongescant

Oxymetazolin

Xylometazolin

Topical antibiotics

T-sulpha

Aminoglycosides

Fluorochinolones


• Therapy

Supportive care Soft food

Vitamin C

ß- GLUKAN

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PNEUMONIA IN GUINEA PIGS

• Bordetela bronchiseptica

– Obligate pathogen in rabbits

– Fatal to imunocompromised guinea pigs

PNEUMONIA IN GUINEA PIGS

• Bordetela bronchiseptica

– Therapy

• Vitamin C 50 mg/kg q24h

• Supportive care

• NSAIDS

• Antibiotics

– T‐sulfa 30 mg/kg q 12h

– Fluoroquinolones

History

Clinical examination

Basic derrmatological testing

Scrapings

Trichoscopy

Cytology

Ear swab

DTM test

Cultivation

SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES

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Biopsy

SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Biopsy

SKIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks Zoonotic potential

ECTOPARAZITES

Ticks Zoonotic potential

Viral encephalitis (Flaviviridae)

Borelliosis

Therapy ivermectine

(KI in squirrels)

ECTOPARAZITES

2013

24

INFEKČNÍ ONEMOCNĚNÍ KŮŽE

Ornythonyssus bacoti Zoonosis

Moving fast

ECTOPARAZITES

Notoedres muris

ECTOPARAZITES

Notoedres muris

ECTOPARAZITES

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Trixacarus caviae

ECTOPARAZITES

Radfortia ensifera

ECTOPARAZITES

Polyplax serrata

ECTOPARAZITES

Demodex criceti

Demodex aurati

ECTOPARAZITES

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TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES

Zoonosis

Trichoscopy

DTM test

Mycology

DERMATOPHYTOSIS DERMATOPHYTOSIS

Therapy Ketokonazole

Antimykotics into the sand bath (chinchillas)

Pythium oligandrum

Vitamin C

DERMATOPHYTOSIS

Proper diagnsotic methods

Differenciál diagnostics

(Surgery)

Postoperative care

Optimal therapeutical effect

SUMMARY

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

MVDr. Vladimír Jekl, Ph.D., DipECZM (Small Mammal)

Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, FVL VFU Brno

[email protected]

Infectiousdiseases Infectious diseases · Patogenesis Liver, lungs, intestines, lymphatic organs...

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Transcript of Infectiousdiseases Infectious diseases · Patogenesis Liver, lungs, intestines, lymphatic organs...