Infectious Substance Core Training Moduleapp1.ziiva.net/.../Infectious_Core/Infectious_Core.pdfCore...

Infectious Substance Core Training Module

Download the Workbook You may download the workbook (which is simply a

compendium of the slides in this program) by clicking on the link below.

If the .pdf doesn’t load right away, watch for signs of a pop-up blocker. You can disable the blockers in your browser, or you can often bypass it by holding down the CONTROL (CTRL) key while clicking with the mouse, on the link.

Infectious Substances Core Course 2

Meet your Guide!

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We've broken this program up into learning units and each unit will have it's own exam. Each exam requires an 80% score to pass. You can take two retakes of each exam (which is normally less than 10 individual questions). You must pass all exams to complete the program.

This program is challenging but everything is open book, and you should have a copy of a current copy of the Dangerous Goods Regulations for reference. Or for the purpose of this class only, you can use the workbook.

You can start and stop this program at any time and we'll keep track of your progress, even during the exams.

In case you forgot to download the workbook, here’s the link again. If you’ve already saved it to you computer, that’s fine. You don’t need to print it unless you want to.

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What’s all the Fuss about Infectious? These are routine

specimens…

Why is everyone so concerned?

Infectious Substances Core Course

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Safety is #1 Safety is our number one

concern. Safety of shipping staff Safety of carrier personnel Safety of any person who

may come into contact with a shipment in transport


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Many countries are involved…Many agencies such as

World Heath Organization

ICAO – Intl Civil Aviation Org.

UNCOE – UN Sub-Committee of Experts (on Dangerous Goods) publishes the “Orange Book” serves as the basis for the modal DG rules.

IATA – Intl Air Transport Assn. (Private Airline Org.)

US CDC and DOT (Centers for Disease Control and Deptof transportation)

Various Civil Aviation and National Health Organizations from around the world (i.e. the US FAA)


Who Regulates Dangerous Goods? The United Nations Transport Agencies

Air – International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Ocean – International Maritime Organization (IMDG

Regulations) Other UN based regulations such as ADR/RID in Europe and

elsewhere (which are based on the UN Orange Book).

National Governments The Dept of Transportation in the U.S. and its’ enforcement

agencies – i.e. the FAA The Postal Services of various countries

The Airline Industry IATA – The International Air Transport Association. A

private trade group that bases their industry rules on the UN regulations in ICAO.


Who Regulates Dangerous Goods? If “IATA” is a private, voluntary trade

association, what gives IATA the authority to regulate air transport? As an industry association, they can only regulate

the activity of their members – the airlines However, the airline have (mostly) all agreed not

to accept any DG shipments unless they are prepared and tendered in accordance with their own rules. The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) include

all of the ICAO rules so this is the basis for legal compliance.


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Story of a routine shipment Many years ago, a “routine”

blood sample caused a HUGE problem in Honolulu.

Several airline employees were exposed…

An FAA investigation of the medical staff who prepared the shipment followed along with legal action against the doctors.


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Shippers must be trained! In order to send shipments of

infectious substances – or potentially infectious substances, training is required.


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Here are our goals for today: At the end of this course you will

understand how to: Prepare (package, mark/label

and document) shipments of Category B (or if you’re taking the additional Cat A Module) and Category A Substances.

Understand when a specimenmay not be shipped as UN 3373 Biological Substances, Category B.


Why do you need to know all of this? Some Biological Substances or

clinical/diagnostic specimens, may be considered “Dangerous Goods” or “hazardous materials”; you need to knowwhich are which.

(Exempt) Category B Category A


Why is this important? You or your company may be liable for fines

and civil penalties if shipments are not prepared properly.

In some countries (i.e. inthe U.S.) you can be held criminally liable for intentional disregard of the regulations.


You also need training! In the United States

Function Specific Training

General Awareness Training

Safety Training Security Training


Dangerous Goods Training Requirements49 CFR 172.700 is the law of the land when it comes to training in the United States. It requires as a minimum:

Training within 90 days of employment in a hazmat employee position, recurrent training no later than 3 years after initial training

Additional training whenever the job function, or the regulations effecting your operation changes

Maintenance of training records

Companies following the IATA air regulations and US Airlines are required to train their employees every two years.

Training applies to "hazmat employers" and "hazmat employees" but not to members of the general public if they are not shipping hazmat as part of a business. Though those people still must comply with the regulations, they don't have to be trained and certified because there is no "hazmat employer".


What about OSHA, EPA, or other training; is that good enough for DOT?This type of training does not automatically fulfill the DOTs training requirements. However, some of this training may be useful and speed up the training process.

For example, if an employee already has 40 hours of HAZWOPER training, then it could be expected that this would increase her comprehension of the definitions of the DOT hazard classes.

What about a commercial drivers license with a hazmat endorsement?

A CDL with a hazmat endorsement does not automatically meet the requirements of 49 CFR 172.700, and since training is required every three years, and a copy of the training records must be kept -- this may be difficult with a CDL endorsement.


Who has to be trained?Each person who is identified as a “hazmat employee”. Those are people who directly effect the safety of a hazmat shipment in transportation. Those people include:

Anyone physically handling the shipment

Anyone preparing paperwork

Anyone packaging or labeling the shipment

Anyone responsible for inspecting hazmat shipments or otherwise determining “acceptability” of a shipment. This is typically called “acceptance training”.

Most importantly, a hazmat employee is someone who's employed by an employer and in the course of their job they perform some function that could directly effect hazmat safety (i.e. handling, marking and labeling, packaging, etc.).


Who can teach the training course? Since it is the employers responsibility

to provide or secure training for the employee, it is up to them to decide.

You can conduct training by seminars, CD-ROMs, reading books, watching videos – whatever it takes to ensure that each hazmat employee is properly trained for their job function.


What are the key training areas?The four main areas of training are:

General Awareness Training

Function Specific Training

Safety Training

HazMat Security Awareness Training

The regulators want employees to understand what types of things might be considered dangerous or hazardous in transportation. They want employees to know how to get more information about the materials if they see a package or are looking at shipping papers, and they want the student to be able to access safety information and know how to use it.

Finally, they want employees to be aware of the potential security risks associated with shipments of hazardous materials.

One part of the training is highly variable and that is the “function specific training”… this could take a few minutes, a few hours, or in some cases several days. The employer, ultimately has to determine that proper function specific training has been delivered based on the employees job duties.


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Penalties and EnforcementCivil Penalties

If someone knowingly violates the rules they are liable for a civil penalty – they can be fined. “Knowingly’ means that they should have known what was required by the regulations.

The fines can go up to $75,000 per violation (a typical undeclared DG shipment includes at least half a dozen violations). And that’s just for a “knowing” violation, not a criminal violation.

Criminal Penalties

If someone willfully violates the rules, they can go to jail (in addition to being fined).

“Willfully” is just as it sounds – someone intentionally violates a rule. For example, an employer decides NOT to train some of their hazmat employees, even though they know it is required. That's an example of a willful violation which could involve criminal penalties.

There’s also a new recommended minimum penalty for “undeclared” shipments by ocean (or ground) as shown below:

PG III $17,500 per violation

PG II $20,000 per violation

PG I $30,000 per violation

Lithium Batteries $20,000 per violation for Ground or Ocean Transport, $40,000 for Air Transport.


Image file________________

Hazmat Penalty Guidelines Published by DOTD.O.T. has published penalty guidelines for shippers, forwarders and carriers of hazardous materials.

Example of penalties under the guidelines: a single undeclared hazmat shipment of Paint (Flammable):

Failure to execute a shipping paper for a shipment of hazardous materials. 172.201 $5,200

Failure to mark the required shipping name and identification number on a package.172.301(a) $4,200

Failure to mark a package containing liquid hazardous materials with required orientation marks.172.312 $3,700

Failure to label a package, when required. $4,300

Failure to include an emergency response telephone number on a shipping paper. 172.604 $2,600

Providing or listing incorrect emergency response information with or on a shipping paper (if significant difference in response). 172.602 $2,600

Total: $22,600

These penalties can go as high as $75,000 dollars per violation, and these can be assessed per DAY. A typical hidden or undeclared dangerous good shipment usually involves no less than 6 distinct violations (failure to IDENTIFY, PACK, MARK, LABEL, DOCUMENT and provide EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION. There can also be CRIMINAL penalties (i.e. jail time) for “willful” violations of the rules.

Of course now, as of October 2013, there are higher, overall minimum finesas mentioned on the previous screen for overall “undeclared” shipments.

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Some Guidelines for Quizzes and Exams Always look for the very BEST answer to a given question.

Sometimes for multiple choice questions there may be more than one answer. If the question will not accept more than one answer, you’ll know that as it will allow you only one choice.

On the next couple of screens you'll be introduced to the quiz-taking process. We're only talking about internal quizzes within the course. The external final exam (see below) is accessed through the learning management system when you log in. It will show the words “Take Exam" next to the course and you can take it whenever you want.


Your FIRST Quiz is Coming Up Next! Please review these instructions.Here are some important points regarding the upcoming quizzes within the program

Passing for IATA Quizzes is 80%, DOT, IMDG and others are 70%. (80% for IATA is arbitrary but seems to be an industry standard so we use it.)

You may review the questions you missed by clicking on the “Review” button after you get your score.

You do not need to take the quiz again, just review the answers you missed these are just knowledge checks and don’t calculate in your final score.

After you’re done with the course, you’ll exit the course and take the final exam for this module. The final exam does count and you have to pass it with 80% or better.

On the next screen we’ll show you what the results screen will look like.


Examples of Quiz Screens When you’re

done with the quiz you can review your results.

Once you’re done reviewing, move on to the next screen.


Let’s Start with Classification On the next screen you’ll see a list of hazard

classes. You can also refer to a printout of this screen in your workbook.

After that, we’ll focus on Class 3, Division 6.2 and Class 9.

We are only training you on Class 3 Flammable Liquids in the context of packing a specimen in a preservative/fixative of some sort.


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9 Hazard ClassesThis is an all-at-once glance at the 9 hazard classes, you can move on to subsequent pages where you can view more detail on these hazards.

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Determining the Packing Group (I, II, III)In all hazardous material transportation regulations, most materials are assigned to packing groups according to the degree of danger the material possesses within a hazard class. Packing groups are an important factor in determining the correct packaging for the material. Not all hazard classes have packing groups.

Packing group I – Great (high) dangerPacking group II – Medium dangerPacking group III – Minor (low) danger

The shipper is ultimately responsible for testing, classifying, determining if exceptions apply and assignment of the appropriate packing group to the material!

Although all of the transport regulations contain exceptions for small amounts (Limited Quantities) of materials that may also be consumer type products (Consumer Commodities) we will see that in order to take advantage of these exceptions, the material must first be properly classified and a proper shipping name must be assigned to see if it is eligible for these exceptions

The greater the danger, the tougher the test a package must pass before it can be used as "UN Approved" packaging for DGs.


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Class 3 – Flammable LiquidsClass 3 has no divisions.

Class 3 is the most common hazard class shipped and includes materials such as gasoline, paint, adhesives, fragrances and alcohols.

A flammable liquid is defined as a liquid with a flash point of not more than 140ºF (60ºC).

Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. There are two basic methods for measuring flash points, open cup (o.c.) test methods and closed cup (c.c.) test methods. Typically open cup test methods result in a slightly higher flash point. In the U.S., 49 CFR 173.120 requires the use of closed cup test methods. Both IATA and the IMDG Code allow for the use of open cup test methods. If a flash point is obtained using an open cup method, a flammable liquid is defined as one which has a flash point of not more than 65.5ºC (150ºF).

Class 3 materials are among the easiest to classify. In order to fully classify a flammable liquid you need two pieces of information, the flash point of the liquid and the initial boiling point of the liquid. This data can usually be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the material, or can be obtained by performing simple test procedures. Remember, the shipper is ultimately responsible for testing, classifying the assignment of the appropriate packing group to the material!


Class 4 and 5

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Class 4 – Flammable Solids, Spontaneously combustible material and Dangerous when wet material.

4.1 Flammable solid Matches, strike anywhere, UN1331

4.2 Spontaneously combustible material Phosphorus, yellow, dry, UN1381

4.3 Dangerous when wet material Sodium, UN1428

Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides:

5.1 Oxidizers Lithium nitrate, UN2722

5.2 Organic peroxides Benzoyl peroxide


Class 6 - Toxic/Infectious Substance6.1 Poisonous (Toxic) materials

Arsenic, UN1558

6.2 Infectious substances

Certain Division 6.1 materials may be shipped as Limited Quantities or Consumer Commodities. These include materials such as drugs and medicines.

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Class 8 – Corrosive Materials


Class 9 - Miscellaneous


Specimens Most of you are in this training because you

need to ship a specimen of some sort. The definition is very important, at least for

the international regulations.


Classification of SpecimensDefinitions and Terminology – Patient Specimens

IMDG 2.6.3.1.4 Patient specimens are human or animal materials, collected directly from humans or animals, including, but not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue and tissue fluid swabs, and body parts being transported for purposes such as research, diagnosis, investigational activities, disease treatment and prevention.

IATA 3.6.2.1.4 Patient specimens are those collected directly from humans or animals, including, but not limited to, excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue and tissue fluid swabs, and body parts being transported for purposes such as research, diagnosis, investigational activities, disease treatment and prevention.

This definition is very important because some shipments get more favorable treatment if they are “patient specimens” because of the perceived, inherent urgency of such shipments.


Classification of Specimens Terminology: “Cultures”

3.6.2.1.3 Cultures are the result of a process by which pathogens are intentionally propagated (grown and multiplied). This definition does not include human or animal patient

specimens as defined in 3.6.2.1.4.

As we will see in a few minutes, this is very important because some pathogens are regulated as an infectious substance, Category A only in culture form

This definition is very important because some shipments encounter more restrictions if they are “cultures”.


Classification of Specimens Terminology: “infectious substance, Category A”

Category A: An infectious substance which is transported in a form that, when exposure to it occurs, is capable of causing permanent disability, life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals. Indicative examples of substances that meet these criteria are given in Table 3.6.D. of IATA, or the table in IMDG 2.6.3.2.2.1.

If you have a new or emerging pathogen (i.e. SARS a few years ago) that is not listed as category A, but meets the criteria in the first paragraph on this screen, they must also be shipped as “suspected category A”.


Classification of Specimens Terminology: “Infectious substance, Category

A” Category A – UN 2814 and UN 2900

UN 2814 infectious substance, affecting humans

UN 2900 infectious substance, affecting animals

These are fully regulated as hazardous materials/Dangerous Goods and require special United Nations (UN) approved packaging as well as a signed Dangerous Goods Declaration.


Classification of Specimens Terminology: “Biological substance, Category

B” (UN 3373) Biological Substances, Category B, formerly known as…

“Diagnostic Specimens” or “Clinical Specimens”

These are specimens that are not exempt (to be covered later) and that do not fall into Category A.

For example, HIV is listed in Category A, but only in “culture” form. (Remember that a “patient specimen” is not included). So, a patient specimen – for example a blood draw from an HIV positive person would be Category B. A commercial lab stock culture of HIV would be category A.


So, to recap Classification thus Far: Known pathogen listed on Category A

list. Or Suspected pathogen with characteristics that would make it Category A.

Pathogen not on Category A list. Oran item that is on the “A” list for an entry restricted only to a “culture”, and you’re not shipping a culture. That makes it Category B.

Remember, that Cultures that are also Patient Specimens, are not considered cultures for the purpose of the Category A list. Let’s take a look at some examples.


HIV – Blood Sample from HIV+ Patient (Ocean Shipment Example*) Is HIV on the Category A List?

Yes, but only as a culture.

Would the blood sample containing HIV be shipped as Category A?

No, it’s only Cat A if it’s a culture, and a patient specimen never falls under this rule.

HIV+ blood sample would be Category B, UN3373.

IMDG Ocean Regulations 2.6.3.2.2.1 (e))

* PS. We won’t know why you’d want to ship a medical specimen via Ocean Transport… but just to show you that the rules are pretty much the same as Air Transport we’ll use this as an example.

We’ll use an IATA example on the next page.


Porcine Diarrhea Virus sample from a pig. Yes, the pig is the patient. Is porcine diarrhea virus on

the “A” list? No.

Is it a pathogen capable of causing disease in humans or animals? Yes

Ship as Category B. UN3373


Exempt SpecimensAll of the regulations exempt certain specimens from the rules, let’s take a look at the most restrictive mode – Air.For example a simple cholesterol test involving a blood sample. If it’s unlikely that the patient is infected by anything, it may be shipped as “exempt.”

Note that some airlines don’t like this, but, tough. You have the right to ship it that way if the shipment qualifies.If the airline refuses it, that’s a sales issue between you and them.Be sure and check carrier variations which we’ll cover later.

Exempt Human (or Animal) Specimens3.6.2.2.3.6 Patient specimensfor which there is minimal likelihood that pathogens are present are not subject to these Regulations if the specimen is packed in a packaging which will prevent any leakage and which is marked with the words “Exempt human specimen” or “Exempt animal specimen,” as appropriate.


Packaging for Exempt SpecimensYou need a triple-pack system as you do for other infectious substances, Category A or B, but unlike Cat A, it doesn’t have to be UN specification and unlike category B, it doesn’t have to be a “rigid” outer packaging.

(a) The packaging must consist of three components:

1. a leak-proof primary receptacle(s);

2. a leak-proof secondary packaging; and

3. an outer packaging of adequate strength for its capacity, mass and intended use, and with at least one surface having minimum dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm;

(b) For liquids, absorbent material in sufficient quantity to absorb the entire contents must be placed between the primary receptacle(s) and the secondary packaging so that, during transport, any release or leak of a liquid substance will not reach the outer packaging and will not compromise the integrity of the cushioning material;

(c) When multiple fragile primary receptacles are placed in a single secondary packaging, they must be either individually wrapped or separated to prevent contact between them.


One Final Note on Exempt Specimens:3.6.2.2.3.6 Note:

In determining whether a patient specimen has a minimal likelihood that pathogens are present, an element of professional judgment is required to determine if a substance is exempt under this paragraph. That judgment should be based on the known medical history, symptoms and individual circumstances of the source, human or animal, and endemic local conditions.

Examples of specimens which may be transported under this paragraph include the blood or urine tests to monitor cholesterol levels, hormone levels, or prostate specific antigens (PSA); tests required to monitor organ function such as heart, liver or kidney function for humans or animals with non-infectious diseases, or therapeutic drug monitoring; tests conducted for insurance or employment purposes and are intended to determine the presence of drugs or alcohol; pregnancy tests; biopsies to detect cancer; and antibody detection in humans or animals in the absence of any concern for infection (e.g. evaluation of vaccine induced immunity, diagnosis of autoimmune disease, etc.).


Used Medical Devices 3.6.2.2.3.7 Medical devices or equipment potentially contaminated with

or containing infectious substances which are being transported for disinfection, cleaning, sterilization, repair, or equipment evaluation are not subject to the provisions of these Regulations when carried as cargo if packed in packagings designed and constructed in such a way that, under normal conditions of transport, they cannot break, be punctured or leak their contents.

Packagings must be designed to meet the construction requirements listed in 6.2. 3.6.2.2.3.7.1 These packagings must meet the general packing requirements of 5.0.2.4.1,

5.0.2.6.1.1, 5.0.2.6.1.2 and 5.0.2.7.1. If the outer packaging is not liquid tight and the medical devices or equipment are contaminated with or contain liquid infectious substances, a means of containing the liquid in the event of leakage must be provided in the form of a leakproof liner, plastic bag or other equally effective means of containment.

These packages must be capable of retaining the medical devices and equipment when dropped from a height of 1.2 m.


Used Medical Devices3.6.2.2.3.7.2 Packages must be marked “Used Medical Device” or “Used Medical Equipment”.

When packages are placed in an overpack this marking must be reproduced on the outside of the overpack unless the marking remains visible.

3.6.2.2.3.7.3 This exception does not apply to:

(a) medical waste (UN 3291);

(b) medical devices or equipment contaminated with or containing infectious substances in Category A (UN 2814 or UN 2900); and

(c) medical devices or equipment contaminated with or containing other dangerous goods that meet the definition of another hazard class.


Biological Products 3.6.2.3 Biological Products 3.6.2.3.1 For the purposes of these Regulations, biological products

are divided into the following groups: (a) those which are manufactured and packaged in accordance with the

requirements of appropriate national authorities and transported for the purposes of final packaging or distribution, and use for personal health care by medical professionals or individuals. Substances in this group are not subject to these Regulations;

(b) those which do not fall under paragraph (a) and are known or reasonably believed to contain infectious substances and which meet the criteria for inclusion in Category A or Category B. Substances in this group must be assigned to UN 2814, UN 2900 or UN 3373, as appropriate.

Note: Some licensed biological products may present a biohazard only in certain parts of the world. In

that case, competent authorities may require these biological products to be in compliance with local requirements for infectious substances or may impose other restrictions.


Safety Training - Basic Emergency Response Procedures Information from the North American

Emergency Response Guidebook and IATA/ICAO

This is not intended to replace comprehensive workplace safety training.

This guide is to familiarize you with the requirements for safety information during transportation.


Basic Guidelines for Most HazMat Spills (Including Infectious Substances) Isolate spill or leak area immediately in all directions.

Keep unauthorized personnel away.

Obtain identity of substance involved if possible and report the spill to the appropriate authorities.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Be particularly careful to avoid contact with broken glass or sharp objects that may cause cuts or abrasions that could significantly increase the risk of exposure.

Absorb spilled materials with earth, sand or other non-combustible material while avoiding direct contact.

Cover damaged package or spilled material with damp towel or rag and keep wet with liquid bleach or other disinfectant. Liquid bleach will generally effectively inactivate the released substance.

DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.


Basic Guidelines - Refrigerants Associated with Infectious Substances Damaged packages containing solid CO2

as a refrigerant may produce water or frost from condensation of air.

There is also a risk of asphyxiation from breathing the vapors.

Do not touch this liquid as it could be contaminated by the contents of the parcel.

Liquid nitrogen may be present and can cause severe burns.


Safety Info - First Aid Measures Move exposed person(s) to a safe isolated area. CAUTION: Exposed

person(s) may be a source of contamination. Call emergency medical services. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

For further assistance, contact the appropriate public health authority.

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the substances involved, and take precautions to protect themselves.


Safety Info - ERG The North American Emergency Response Guidebook is

published every four years. (The current edition is the 2012 edition). The NAERG contains information on how workers and first responders can protect themselves in the event they encounter a hazmat incident or spill.

It is only preliminary information meant to provide general assistance for specific materials.

Click here to view a 300 page .pdf of the entire guide, you do NOT need to print it.

Click here to just load the guide pages associated with Clinical Specimens and Infectious substances (NAERG Guide 158) for Infectious Substances (UN 2814 or UN 2900)


Open to ERG Inside Cover How to read shipping

papers. This is a quick reference

guide on how to find hazardous materials information on shipping papers or on placards.

In general the easiest step to take is to look for a 4 digit UN/NA or ID number on the shipping papers. Since 2013, by all modes, this is required to be listed first.

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ERG Page 1 Instructions Step 1: Identify the

Material

Step 2: Find the 3 digit Guide Number in the yellow page numeric list or blue page alphabetical list.

Turn to the numbered guide in the orange pages and read carefully.

imageDOT Safety Awareness 58

Step 1: Locate the UN Number or Proper Shipping Name Your first step is to determine the four digit U.N. identification number or the

name of the material either on the package or on the shipping papers. If you can't find that maybe you can see a U.N. number on a placard.

Once you know the U.N. number or proper shipping name you can go on to the next step.

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Step 2: Look up the 3 digit ERG Code either in the Yellow or Blue PagesThe next step is to look up the three digit guide number either in the yellow pages or in the blue pages which are listed numerically and alphabetically respectively.

Click on the yellow or the blue image to view the guide number for Acetylene UN 1001, or look it up in your actual book if you have it printed out.

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Step 3: Turn to the Guide Page

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Guide 116 as an Example

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Table of Placards Guide Pg 6-7

FIND THE PLACARD THAT MOST CLOSELY MATCHES YOUR SUBSTANCE AND TURN TO THAT 3 DIGIT GUIDE UNTIL MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION BECOMES AVAILABLE

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Guide 111 Unknown Substances

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Guide 120 Dry Ice and Refrigerants

DOT Safety Awareness 65

Guide 158 Infectious Substances

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Step 2 Identify 3 Digit Guide no.

Highlighted Entries

If an entry in either the blue pages or the yellow pages is highlighted, you will need to turn to the green-bordered pages in the back of the book.

The green pages are used when some sort of evacuation criteria exists.

Take a moment to review some of the highlighted entries. For example, in the example to the right, UN 1005 (in the yellow pages) is a highlighted entry.

On the next page in this training program are instructions on how to utilize the Table of Initial Isolation Distances (the green bordered pages) DOT Safety Awareness 67

Safety Info – DOT Emergency or IATA Informational Phone NumberDOT Emergency Response Phone Number Not Required for UN 3373 (but is required for UN2814/UN2900)

Normally, nearly all shipments of hazardous materials require an 24 hr emergency response phone number and written emergency response information to accompany the shipment.

This is true for Infectious Substances, UN 2814 and UN 2900 -- they require a phone number and written info, however it is not true for UN 3373.

Biological Substances, Category B do not require an emergency response phone number. IATA requires the name and phone number of a "responsible person“ as an informational contact and this has to be shown either on the shipping papers for diagnostic specimens or marked on the package. This is an informational contact and does not have to meet the strict 24x7 requirements of the US DOT for Emergency Response.

The only type of written information about the pathogens/organisms that is required is the IATA (airline industry) rule that a list of the contents accompany the shipment -- it must be enclosed between the secondary and outer packaging.


Using 3rd Party ERI (Emergency Response Information) Providers Services

Many companies use the services of a 3rd party ERI provide to provide the 24 hour emergency response number to meet DOT rules. US DOT allows this, however they require you to list either your contract number with the ERI provider next to the phone number on the shipping papers, or to put the name of the contacting company/person next to the phone number.

DOT Hazardous Materials Security Awareness Training Program This is a highly abbreviated version of the HazMat

Security Awareness Program.

This security program is NOT suitable for persons shipping “select agents”. These are highly dangerous pathogens, toxins, etc. that are further restricted in transportation.

http://www.selectagents.gov/Select%20Agents%20and%20Toxins%20List.html

An example would be the Ebola or Marburg viruses. Let’s assume that you’re NOT going to be shipping these.


DOT Security Awareness Training This is the short version of security

awareness training.

It would surprise a lot of people, but this training requirement applies to foreign or domestic airlines and forwarders operating in the US, as well as shippers.

Let's go ahead and get started with the general awareness security training. In case you're wondering this is required not only by the D.O.T., but by IATA/ICAO and IMDG as well.


High Consequence Dangerous Goods –Written Security PlanIf you ship any of these you will need a written security plan and will need to register with the DOT (even if you are a forwarder or carrier accepting these from shippers).

Note item 13 for “Select Agents” that could include SOME infectious substances.

Click image to enlarge

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Security Awareness Hazardous materials are an integral part

of your daily life. In the wrong hands however, Hazardous Materials can be used as a weapon.

Some prominent examples include the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, and in 1995, the bombing in Oklahoma City.

Both involve the use of common hazardous materials, fertilizer, which is an oxidizer that supports rapid combustion.

And as we all know, in 2001, terrorists hijacked commercial aircraft full of jet fuel and flew them into the World Trade Center and Pentagon.


Security Awareness Potential TargetsA. Potential Targets Here are just some of the potential terrorist targets. Certain Hazardous Materials:

Flammable and compressed gases (i.e. propane)

Flammable fuels (gasoline, jet fuel, fuel oils)

Toxic chemicals (chlorine gas, cyanide) that if released in a confined area could cause massive casualties

Chemical plants, loading facilities

Vehicles for transporting hazardous materials or the infrastructure involved in shipping:

Hi-jacked tractor trailers or tampering with valves on tank trucks or tank farms

Fraudulent shipments to terrorist groups

Highways, railroad switching systems and tracks, and bulk transportation equipment

Bridges, tunnels, and dams

Public areas or resources impacting everyday life:

City water supplies

High density population centers

Historic monumentsInfectious Substances Core Course 74

Security Awareness Potential ThreatsPotential Threats: Terrorists often live for many months, even years, in our community, maintaining regular jobs or attending school in an attempt to gain positions of trust. Be suspicious and watch for unusual behavior in all people, and do not stereotype.

Disgruntled employees can also be a risk. Do not take employee threats lightly. Part-time and temporary employees that have access to hazardous materials can commit acts of sabotage or theft.

An estimated $12 to $30 billion dollars per year of hazardous material is stolen, often with the use of phony documentation. It is very important to check for proper documentation.


Security Awareness: Recommended Industry Guidelines Keep storage areas locked. Keep updated and accurate inventories.

Conduct regular inspections of storage areas.

Conduct security spot checks of personnel and vehicles.

Lock all equipment. Be alert for unusual purchases or odd behavior.

Restrict access of non-employees and keep a list of emergency contacts on hand.

Report suspicious activity.

Check loading orders and other documents and check driver identification.

Write the driver's license number on shipping order/bill-of-lading and have driver print and sign name.

Verify that driver has the proper hazmat endorsement (if needed for Placarded Loads).

Limit access through a single point-of-entry and train employees to recognize abnormal behavior.

Inspect the carrier's equipment to assure it will not fail.

Establish and verify the carrier's ETA, route and layovers, and modal transfers.

Notify the receiver of the carrier's ETA, name of carrier, equipment and driver.

Provide the receiver with a contact phone number and request notification on arrival.

Be aware of current federal, state, and local government alerts, advisories, and warnings regarding threats and pay attention to alerts communicated by the Homeland Security Advisory System.

76

Handling Awareness Unit There are some basic

precautions to be taken by persons handling infectious or biological substances in the course of logistics operations (shipping /receiving/loading, etc.).


Never load heavy objects on top of infectious substance packages and avoid any top loading at all if possible

Infectious/Biological Substance Handling

80

GOOD! BAD!

Security IssuesSpecial Considerations

Infectious substances may pose a security risk greater than certain other dangerous goods. It just depends on what’s being shipped. It’s always a good idea to make sure that all dangerous goods shipments are secure.


Stowage and HandlingSpecial Considerations

Infectious substances are not incompatible with other dangerous goods, but you should avoid stowage around humans or animals.


Emergency Response Guide 158Special Considerations

The specific ERG guide page for Infectious Substances is Guide Page 158. Click the image at right for a larger copy.


Remember, keep yourself and others away from any hazmat spill or leak and rely on appropriately trained personnel to deal with the issue.

Avoid Contact with Damaged Packages!Whenever possible, suitable gloves should be worn when handling biohazardous materials (though this is not necessary for routine handling of packaged shipments).

Alcohol-based hand rubs are gold standard in health care settings (if hands not visibly soiled)

Must complement with hand washing with normal soap


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End of Core Module! This modules included Safety and Security Awareness Training.You may now exit this module and take the final exam when you're ready.

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