Infectious Coryza Update - MemberClicks Coryza Up… · –Reservoir of infection = chronically ill...
Transcript of Infectious Coryza Update - MemberClicks Coryza Up… · –Reservoir of infection = chronically ill...
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Infectious Coryza Update
Danielle Botting, DVM, MPH
Technical Services Veterinarian
Hy-Line North America / H&N North America
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Overview
– Pennsylvania outbreak
– Background information
– Clinical signs (symptoms)
– Treatment options
– Prevention
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Current Affected Regions
– Pennsylvania
– California
– Arizona
– Colorado
– Southeast US
– Recent case in Ohio
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Pennsylvania Outbreak
– Between December 2018 and August 2019, 56 confirmed farms diagnosed with Infectious Coryza in PA– ~12 million birds affected– Several with multiple affected flocks– Majority involved layers (34)– 6 pullet farms– 16 broiler farms
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Pennsylvania Outbreak
– Disease occurred in all ages of layers (18-110 weeks)– Majority were older flocks
– Pullets ranged from 8-16.5 weeks
– Broilers ranged in age from 33-50 days
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Pennsylvania Outbreak
– Mortality and egg production drops varied between flocks
– Layer flocks = 8-43% egg production drop, mortality 3-4x higher than average
– Broilers were marketed – total mortality unknown
– Pullet mortality variable (some normal, approx. 1-8%)
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Infectious Coryza: Background
– Bacteria: Avibacterium paragallinarum
– Acute respiratory disease of chickens
– Disease seen primarily in pullets and layers, and occasionally in broilers
– Factors leading to disease:
– Poor biosecurity, stress of other diseases, naïve flocks (no vaccine)
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Background
– Chickens of all ages are susceptible
– Susceptibility increases with age (“old chicken disease”)
– No public health significance – not a food safety issue
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Transmission
– Reservoir of infection = chronically ill or healthy carrier birds
– Infected flocks are constant threat to uninfected flocks– Direct contact, airborne droplets, fomites, and/or
contaminated drinking water– Multi-age farms tend to perpetuate the disease– Not transmitted in eggs
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Infection
– Incubation period = 1-3 days once exposed
– Whole flock affected within 10 days
– Disease duration is ~2-3 weeks (if uncomplicated)
– Other diseases can lead to increased morbidity and mortality – prolonging the disease
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Symptoms
– Significant drop in feed and water consumption– Upper respiratory signs = nasal discharge, sneezing,
and swelling of face under the eyes– Not all flocks in PA had respiratory symptoms***
– Depression– Drop in egg production – Diarrhea– Mortality
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Pictures courtesy of Dr. S. Davison. New Bolton Center, PA.https://extension.psu.edu/avian-coryza
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Symptoms
– Clinical disease can last 2-3 weeks in uncomplicated cases, or up to 8-9 weeks if complicated with other diseases
– Other signs of bacterial infection: peritonitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis and/or airsacculitis
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Diagnostics
– Clinical signs (symptoms)
– Lesions
– Bacterial culture and/or
– PCR testingCulture of Avibacterium paragallinarum.
Photo from Avian Disease Manual, 7th Ed.
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Diagnostics
– Fragile bacteria – can be difficult to grow on culture growth media
– PCR (detection of DNA) is ideal test
– In PA cases, also diagnosed E. coli, Gallibacterium anatis, Infectious Bronchitis (IBV) viruses, etc.
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Treatment
Treatment:– Antibiotics may reduce clinical
signs– Treat secondary bacterial infection
(e.g. E. coli)– Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) in feed – Higher dose– Relapses can occur when treatment
stops
– Live E. coli vaccination
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Prevention
Prevention:– BIOSECURITY! BIOSECURITY! BIOSECURITY!
– Vaccination
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Feed Other Poultry and Animals
Water People Manure
Insects
Vehicles and Equipment
Wild BirdsVaccine Crews &
Equipment
Rodents
Housing
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Main Biosecurity Rules
– No live poultry at home– Danish-style entry/shower-in facility– Maintain line of separation (LOS)– Farm-dedicated clothing and footwear for all
employees and visitors– No unnecessary visitors– C&D equipment, vehicles, etc. – Pest control (rodents, insects, wild birds)– C&D house between flocks
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Biosecurity Program
Contingency plans
Isolation
Traffic control
Hygiene
QuarantineMedicationVaccination
Monitoring Documentation Communication
of Results
Eradication ofVertically
TransmittedDiseases
Continuing Education
Auditing
Sesti, 2001
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– Remove birds
– Dry clean
– Wet clean with detergent
– Rinse and let dry
– Disinfect
– Fumigate
Cleaning & Disinfection
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Infectious Coryza Survivability
– Low survivability – only ~2-3 days outside of the bird
– Easily killed by heat, drying, and disinfectants
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Coryza Vaccines
– Commercial inactivated vaccine
– Autogenous inactivated vaccine
– Inactivated vaccines must be injected – individual bird handling
– Most producers have opted to include 1 commercial + 1 autogenous vaccine into program
– Availability remains the big determining factor
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Vaccination
– Commercial bacterins may not fully protect against all field strains
– 3 serotypes: A, B and C
– Limited cross protection
– Recommend vaccine use in high challenge areas –administered before move to layer house
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Dr. Jim Stockam, DVM:
Update on vaccine performance trials
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Thank you, questions?