Infection Control Student
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Transcript of Infection Control Student
1
CHAPTER 16
Infection Prevention and Control: Protective Mechanisms and Asepsis
Pg. 209-233
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Microorganisms
• Pathogens – capable of causing disease
• Non-pathogens (normal flora) – beneficial and/or essential for human health and well-being
Chain of Infection
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You are working as a nurse on a medical-surgical unit. What roles might you play in the chain of infection?
Table 16-5 pg. 216
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First Line of Defense Against Infection• Intact skin• Respiratory Tree• Eyes• Mouth• GI Tract• GU tract• Cilia in respiratory tract, nose
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Second Line of Defense Against Infection• Fever
• Leukocytosis
• Phagocytosis (specialized WBCs)
• Inflammatory response
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Third Line of Defense Against Infection• Immune response
– Recognize as foreign invader and destroy pathogens that the body has been exposed to
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Consider your current lifestyle. How would you evaluate your ability to support your
body’s defenses?
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Medical Asepsis
• Asepsis–Objects and environment free of
microorganisms
• Medical Asepsis–Clean technique
• Surgical Asepsis –Sterile technique
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Hand Hygiene
• Most effective way to prevent the spread of microorganisms
• Box 16-2 pg. 220
• Skill 16-1 Hand Hygiene pg. 221
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CDC Guidelines to Prevent Infection
• Standard Precautions– Tier I– Includes hand hygiene and personal
protective equipment (PPE)– Box 16-3 pg. 224
• Transmission based Precautions– Tier II (discussed in Chapter 17)
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CDC Guidelines to Prevent Infection• Sharps disposal
• Contaminated waste
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Cleaning & Disinfecting
• Cleaning• Disinfecting• Antiseptic• Sterilization
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Sepsis in the Home
• What are ways to prevent infection in the home?
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Infection Control Surveillance
• Infectious Disease or Infection Prevention Nurse
• Clients at high risk for infection
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CHAPTER 17
Infection Prevention and Control in Hospital and HomePg. 234-257
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Stages of Infection (illness)
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Transmission Based Precautions (Box 17-1 pg. 236)
• Contact
• Droplet
• Airborne
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General Guidelines for Isolation Precautions
• Limit supplies taken into room• Limit client transport outside of room• Use disposable supplies if possible• Keep precaution supplies just outside the
client’s room• Removal of items from room
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Contact Precautions (Isolation)Box 17-3 pg. 141
• Direct contact can lead to spread of pathogen• Private room
• Personal protective equipment
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Airborne Precautions (Isolation)Box 17-3 pg. 141
• Also follow contact precautions • Negative pressure room
• Personal protective equipment
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Droplet Precautions (Isolation)Box 17-3 pg. 141
• Also follow contact precautions• Private room
• Personal protective equipment
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Drug-resistant Organisms
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
• Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)• Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
(ESBL)• Clostridium difficile (C-diff)
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Infection Prevention in the Home
• Hand hygiene
• Proper disposal
• Cleaning home environment
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Psychological Aspect of Isolation Precautions on the Client
• Visitors• Learn about client’s interest• Listen to the client
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Surgical Asepsis
• Sterile environment
• Sterile equipment
• Sterile technique
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What actions help prevent infection in the healthcare setting?
What actions help prevent infection in the home?
What actions help to prevent infection when patients are outside of the home?