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GERUND Theingformoftheverbmaybethesubjectofaverb.

Ex.Smokingisnotallowed.

Laughinghelpsyoulivelonger.

Thegerundmaybetheobjectofcertainverbs.

Ex.Icantstandcheating.

Ilovewalkingintherain.

Someverbswithapreposition-succeedin,think

about,objectto,lookforwardto,giveup,-are

followedbyagerundfromonly.

Ex.Theywillsucceedincompletingtheproject.

Afterprepositionthegerundisused.

Ex.Afterhavinglunch,Onbreakingtheday,

Someverbsarefollowedbyingform:

like,enjoy,fancy,admit,consider,miss,finish,mind,

hate,imagine,deny,involve,postpone,delay,

suggest,avoid,practice,risk

Ex.Hedidntmindgettingupearly.

Theydenycheatingintheexam.

Aftersomeexpressionsweusethegerund: Canthelp,

cantstand,cantresist,cantbear,tobeuseto,tobe

worthEx.Icanthelpbitingmynails

INFINITIVE Someverbsarefollowedbyatoinfinitive:

afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, beg, care,claim, consent,decide,demand,deserve,expect,

fail, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, mean, need,

offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse,

seem, struggle, swear, threaten, volunteer,wait,

want,wish.

Ex.Icantaffordtobuyanewlaptopfor

Christmas.

Someoftheverbswhicharefollowedbya to-

infinitiverequireadirectobjectbeforetheInf:

advise,allow,command,convince,force,instruct,

invite,order,remind,request,teach,tell.

Ex.Iadviseyoutopreparefortheexam.

Modalverbscan,could,may,should,will,need,

-arefollowedbyinf.

Ex.Canyoubequiet,please?

Youshouldbemoreconfident.

Someverbs(let,make,see,hear,feel,watch,

notice,have)arefollowedbyinf.

Ex.Lethimgoout.Shesawhimcomein.

Intheexpressionsadj+toinf.

Ex.Itiseasytounderstand.Thisexerciseishard

todo.

-ingorinfinitive?Someverbscanbefollowedbyeitherato-infinitiveoragerund.Insomecases,thereisachangeinmeaning.

Withtheverbs remember,forget,stopandregret thedifferenceinmeaningisconnectedwithtime.Theingform

refersto thingsthathappenbefore thetime(inthepast)whiletheto-infinitiverefersto thingsthathappen after

them(inthefuture).

Ex.Remembertogo Iremembergoingthereonce

Iforgottosendyouapostcard Illneverforgetseeingsnowforthefirsttime

Istoppedtoseewhatwaswrong Istoppedreading themomenthearrived

Iregrettellinghermysecret Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedyourtest.

Imeantofinishitnow Thatmeantgettingupearly

Someverbshaveachangeinmeaning.

Shetriedtoputonthereddress,butitwastoosmall.Shetriedputtingonthereddress,buthedidntnoticeher.

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A. Complete the sentences by using the correct form to-infinitive or gerund

of the verbs in brackets.

1. The soldier refused _____________________ (obey) and was put in jail.2. The accused denied ___________________ (kill) the old woman for her money.

3. Would you like _______________________ (make) a lot of money?

4. I dont mind ________________________ (live) with only a little money.

5. Ill never forget _________________ (ski) in the Alps that winter.

6. Dont forget ____________________ (post) the letter I gave you.

7. We regret ___________________ (inform) you that you have not passed the

test.

8. The thief tried _________________ (climb) the wall, but he couldnt.

9. Will you stop _________________ (talk) in class? shouted the teacher.

10. I prefer ___________________ (go) to the cinema rather than the theatre.

B. Fill the gaps with to inf or ing1. The shop keeps on ____________ (send)

circulars.

2. I was only trying __________ (help) you.3. I cant help _____________ (laugh) at

his jokes.3. They enjoy ____________ (spend) their

holiday in Istanbul.4. Its no good ___________ (use) such a

small dictionary.5. She stopped at Smiths ____________

(buy) a magazine.6. My son likes ______________ (travel)

by aeroplane.

C. Choose the best answer.1. My father began to collect /

collecting stamps years ago.

2. Jane hopes passing / to pass herexams next month.

3. Stop to tell / telling such stories to

the men.

4. To smile / Smiling helps you

make friends.

5. Theres no point in to do / doing it

now.

6. He promised to write / writing

s n.

D. Write the correct form of the TO INF or ING of the following verbs:travel push speak obey work k ill talk drive ski

1. The soldier refused ____________ orders and was put in jail.

2. The accused denied ____________ the old woman for her money.

3. Ill never forget ___________ in the Alps that winter.

4. Will you stop _____________ in class? shouted the teacher.

5. If the car wont start, try ____________ it.

6. I prefer ___________ to Istanbul rather than Sicily.7. Id rather you ____________ less and ______________ more.

8. They dont go their daughter __________ alone.

9. At ________________, we set off our honeymoon trip to New Zealand.

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ANSWER KEY

A.1. to obey 6. to post

2. killing 7. to inform

3. to make 8. to climb

4. living 9. talking

5. skiing 10. going

B.1. sending 2. to help 3. laughing

4. spending 5. to use 6. to buy

7. travelling

C.1. to collect / collecting 2. to pass

3. telling 4. Smiling 5. going

6. to write 7. Talking

D.

1. The soldier refused to obey orders and was put in jail .2. The accused denied killing the old woman for her money.

3. Ill never forget skiing in the Alps that winter.

4. Will you stop talking in class? shouted the teacher.

5. If the car wont start, try pushing it.

6. I prefer travelling to Istanbul rather than Sicily.

7. Id rather you to speak less and to work more.

8. They dont want their daughter to go to England alone.

9. At sunrising, we set off our honeymoon trip to New Zealand.