INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 The Internet How it works, Why it works,...

May 8th, 2005 INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt

The InternetHow it works, Why it works, Who

makes it work?

Lynn St.Amour

President & CEO

Internet Society (ISOC)


ISOC

• Created in 1991 by Internet Pioneers • Based in Reston, VA and Geneva, Switzerland• Not-for-profit, international organisation• Purpose: Educational, Charitable, Scientific• Open International Membership organisation

– global individual members - 20,000 +• access is free, registration not necessary but encouraged

– local chapters - 60 + with another 20 in formation– organisation members -150 +

• Organization members fund activities in: Standards, Education, and Public Policy


Internet Society (ISOC)Mission Statement

"To assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all

people throughout the world."


Internet Society Purposes and Goals

• Facilitate Open Development of standards, protocols, administration and technical Infrastructure of the Internet

• Provide Education and research related to the Internet• Participate in activities at international levels to facilitate the

development and availability of the Internet• Collect and disseminate information related to the Internet• Assist technologically developing countries in implementing

and evolving an Internet infrastructure• Liaise with other organisations, governments and the general

public to meet the above purposes


Internet Society Guiding Principles

• Open, unencumbered, beneficial use of the I’Net

• Self-regulated content providers

• On-line unrestricted free expression

• Open development of I’Net standards & technology

• No discrimination in use of the Internet

• Personal information on I’Net not to be misused

• Encrypted communication without restriction.

• Encouragement of cooperation between networks.


ISOC - Areas of Focus

• Support for Standards (IETF)• Transfer of technical knowledge• Education in emerging countries• Public Policy Education (rooted in technical

principles)• Building active global community of

knowledgeable members & chapters• Recently, manage a gTLD (.org)


ISOC and Public Interest Registry (PIR) (www.pir.org)

• ISOC won bid to manage .ORG TLD• Open registry focused on non-commercial entities• Created PIR to be an exemplary registry• PIR is not for profit• Surpluses go to ISOC programs in support of the

Internet


ISOC Programs

• Support continuing evolution of Internet as a research, education and communication infrastructure

• Provide education concerning the technology, use and application of the Internet

• Stimulate and facilitate effective use of the Internet


Education and Internet Policy

• Increase of competence through technology transfer– workshops, publications, conferences,briefings

• Public awareness of Internet Policy issues – support for decision makers: government, industry, civil

society, individuals

• Open access to educational material• Community building - global, international chapter

and member network


Internet Standards Process

and

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Structure


The IETF (www.ietf.org)

• Internet Engineering Task Force

• Formed 1986 - 19 years ago

• Produces Standards

• ISOC is ‘corporate & funding’ home

• Cooperates with other standards groups

• Individuals not companies or governments

• Runs on: “rough consensus and running code”


Organization of the IETF

IRTF

IESG

IANAIANA

RFC

area area

area

Internet Society

IAB


IESG/IAB

• Internet Engineering & Steering Group– multi-disciplinary technical review group

– process management and RFC (Standards) approval

– ISOC funds RFC Editor, but independent entity

• Internet Architecture Board– chartered and funded by ISOC

– provides overall architectural advice

– liaison function to external organisations


IANA

• Internet Assigned Number Authority

• Based at ICANN

• Maintains unique Internet parameters– IETF protocol numbers– IP addresses (allocated to RIRs)– Domain names (delegated to TLD registries)


RFC Editor

• Publication and maintenance of all IETF documents:– Internet Drafts– Best Current Practices– Proposed Standards– Draft Standards– Internet Standards

• Funded by ISOC• Requests for publications from IESG and

individuals


IETF Standards

• Standards really when people use them

• Emphasis is on ‘running code’ and ‘rough consensus’

• All IETF documents open & free of charge

• Coordination of over 100 working groups organised into 8 areas


IETF - Liaisons

• Liaisons with: – 3GPP– ATM Forum– Global Grid Forum– IEEE– ISO– ITU-T– W3C

• Informal co-operation with many other organisations


ISOC

and

Internet Coordination


ISOC and Internet Coordination

• Internet is becoming a mass medium• Internet is 10’s of 1,000’s of interconnected

networks, not a single entity • Internet evolution depends on consensus-

based, open, accessible coordination processes• Reflexive pressure on governments to regulate• ISOC dedicated to ensuring open

development, evolution and use of the Internet


Internet Coordination Processes

• Coordination required at three main levels:– Agreement on Internet standards

• IETF, W3C, IEEE, etc.

– Allocation of Internet resources• ICANN, RIRs, Root Servers, TLD registries etc.

– Defining policies preventing misuse• all of the above, with Governments & policy makers


What works quite well today

• The Internet Coordination Model as a whole, specifically technical aspects of Internet. Proof is it’s growth and stability.

• Bottom-up, consensus-based, transparent, open, self-regulating processes

• Internet Coordination model evolves in response to local needs with active support of existing Internet community, examples are LACNIC, AfriNIC, UAENIC’s activities,etc.

• Facilitates participation (& innovation) of users globally• InternetCoordination Model allows flexibility and rapid

response to community requirements.


What needs more focus

• There are a number of areas that need further discussion between various parties: Governments, Private Sector, Civil Society, Internet Community, Legal and Regulatory authorities,etc.– Inequality of resources - some perceived, some real – Concerted efforts to improve access to all Internet

processes for all interested communities– Education– Security– Crime (No distinction between Cybercrime and crime)– Copyright– Spam


Internet Governance

• Standards and resource coordination groups are not the groups to determine appropriate coordination of policies around misuse of the Internet, censorship, Intellectual property issues, etc.

• Many issues currently confronting the Internet are with the uses of the Internet and are national and trans-national (ex. Crime), and the organizations exist today to determine and manage appropriate policies.

• We know that the Internet is not a single entity (to be ‘governed’), instead the most benefit to all people of the world will be to improve practices and policies in the “uses of the Internet” -- through collaboration.


Collaborative Internet Coordination

• We should apply the same principles - that have helped the Internet develop - to ALL areas of Internet Coordination, technical and policy.

• Open consensus-based processes are strengthened through broad cooperation and increased participation.

• Cooperation clearly extends beyond Internet community to include Governments, Private sector, Civil Society, many existing IGO’s, etc.

• New models of cooperation should complement, not replace or add additional overhead to current processes.


Wrap-up/conclusion

• No one can do it alone • No one organization can do it alone• ISOC supports evolution based on experience• ISOC supports the establishment of an open forum

to continue the evolution of coordination models• ISOC cautions against applying yesterday’s

models and mechanisms to the Internet today and in the future


BACK-UP SLIDES


ISOC and Internet Standards

• ISOC is the organizational home of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

• ISOC provides funding for the RFC Editor function, etc.

• ISOC holds copyrights on RFC’s• Standards process open to all - no barriers

to participation• Standards documents (RFCs) are free!


IETF: Next Level• 130+ working groups (WG’s) at any one time• 8 areas (for organizational convenience) with Area directors

(AD’s)– APS, GEN, INT, O&M, RTG, SEC, SUB, TSV

• No “members”, no explicit voting• 1.5K - 2K at 3/year meetings, 1,000’s mail lists • Mgmt: IESG (ADs, chosen by comm’y)• Architectural guidance & liaisons: IAB• Internet Research Task Force: IRTF


Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (www.iab.org)

• Provides overall architectural advice – to IESG, IETF & ISOC

• Advises IESG on IETF WG formation• Deals with IETF external liaisons• Appoints IRTF chair • Selects IETF-IANA• Oversees RFC Editor• Hosts workshops• Chartered & funded by ISOC


Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) (www.irtf.org)

• focused on long term problems in Internet– Anti-Spam – Authentication Authorization Accounting

Architecture – Crypto Forum – Delay-Tolerant Networking – End-to-End – Group Security – Internet Measurement – Network Management – NameSpace– Peer-to-Peer– Routing – Searchable Internet Resource Names – Services Management


Internet Assigned Number Authority (www.iana.org)• Assigns parameters

– Protocol numbers – IP addresses

• mostly delegated to IP Address registries

– Domain names • delegated to DNS name registries

• Functions split with the creation of ICANN– independent corporation to take over IANA functions– contract with US government– now IETF-IANA and non-IETF-IANA


Internet Engineering Steering Group (www.iesg.org)

• IETF process management & approval body• Composed of AD’s + IETF Chair• Approve creation of WG’s• Review & approve publication of IETF

documents– reviews and comments on non-IETF submissions

• Multi-disciplinary technical review group


IETF Working Groups (www.ietf.org)

• Where the IETF primarily gets its work done• WG focused by charter agreed between chair

and area director– restrictive charters with milestones– working groups closed when their work is done

• charter approved by IESG with IAB advice• AD with IESG has final say on charter &

chair(s)


IETF Working Groups(continued)

• “Rough consensus and running code...”– no formal voting– can do show of hands or hum - but no count– does not require unanimity– disputes resolved by discussion– mailing list and face-to-face meetings– final decisions must be verified on mailing list taking into

account face-to-face discussion


IETF Documents• All open• Internet-Drafts

– anyone can submit - “expire” in 6 months– some I-Ds are working group documents

• RFCs (stands for “RFC”)– archival publications (never changed once published)– different types: (not all RFCs are standards!)

• informational, experimental, BCP, standards track, historic

• 3-step standards track– Proposed Standard, Draft Standard, Internet Standard

• Interoperability not conformance


RFC Overview (www.rfc-editor.org)• ‘RFC’ used to stand for Request for Comments

– now just a name– tend to be more formal documents than early RFCs

• IETF document publication series• RFC 1 Host Software - Apr 7 1969• now over 3400 RFCs• not all RFCs are standards!

– see RFC 1796– though some vendors imply otherwise

• Many types of RFCs


Standards Track RFCs:• Best Current Practices (BCP)

– generally policies or procedures (best way we know how)

• Proposed Standard (PS)– good idea, no known problems

• Draft Standard (DS)– stable– multiple interoperable implementations– note IPR restriction

• Internet Standard (STD)– wide use


IETF and 3GPP standards

• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) conforms to IETF standards

• 46 IETF dependencies for 3GPP release 5

• 3GPP has not modified IETF standards

• IETF has modified standards to handle mobile-specific issues


IPR / Patents• IETF IPR rules in RFC 2026 Section 10• Working on clarifying these rules - IPR WG• Current IETF rules

– require disclosure* of own IPR in • own submissions• submissions of others

* “reasonably and personally” known IPR• WG takes IPR into account when choosing technology• Push from open source people for Royalty Free (RF) only

process– consensus to not change to RF-only– but WGs tend to want RF or IPR-free


Copyright

• Author(s) need to give publication rights to ISOC (IETF) if to be published at all….but authors retain most rights

• Mandatory ID boilerplate statement• IPR WG will clarify copyright rules also

– draft of changes about to be given IETF Last-Call

INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 The Internet How it works, Why it works,...

Documents

Transcript of INET MEA / Pan-Arab WSIS II - Cairo, Egypt May 8th, 2005 The Internet How it works, Why it works,...