Industry’s First QoS- Enhanced MPLS TE Solution -...
Transcript of Industry’s First QoS- Enhanced MPLS TE Solution -...
1© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Industry’s First QoSIndustry’s First QoS--Enhanced MPLS TE Enhanced MPLS TE
SolutionSolution
Azhar SayeedAzhar SayeedManager, IOS Product Management, Manager, IOS Product Management, [email protected]
Contact Info: Kim Gibbons, Contact Info: Kim Gibbons, [email protected], 408, 408--525525--49094909
2© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
AgendaAgenda
• MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)Technology and Applications
• Why Extend QoS into MPLS TE
• Guaranteed Bandwidth ServicesQoS-enhanced MPLS Traffic Engineering
• The Cisco IOS Advantage
• Summary, Comments & Questions
3© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Is The Key Technology for MPLS Is The Key Technology for IP Service DeliveryIP Service Delivery
IP+ATM SwitchIP+ATM Switch
PNNIPNNI MPLSMPLS
IPIP
IP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM TogetherIP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM Together
Network-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundationfor Value Added Service DeliveryNetwork-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundationfor Value Added Service Delivery• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)• Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN• Transport independent• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services
• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)• Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN• Transport independent• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services
• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport
ATMServices
ATMServices
IPServices
IPServices
4© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Key MessagesKey Messages
• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful solution for improving network resource management
• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services: Assuring value-added services
Better availability with TE, scalable VPN solution
• Cisco: Leading the industry and market with advanced, integrated MPLS and QoS solutions
5© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?
• Process of routing data traffic in order to balance the traffic load on the various links, routers, and switches in the network
• Key in most networks where multiple parallel or alternate paths are available
6© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Why Traffic Engineering?Why Traffic Engineering?
• Congestion in the network due to changing traffic patternsElection news, online trading, major sports events
• Better utilization of available bandwidthRoute on the non-shortest path
• Route around failed links/nodesFast rerouting around failures, transparently to users
Like SONET APS (Automatic Protection Switching)
• Virtual IP leased line servicesVoIP Toll-Bypass applications, point-to-point bandwidth guarantees
• Capacity planningTE improves aggregate availability of the network
7© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
R8
R2
R6
R3
R4
R7
R5
R1
IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost RoutingFlows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become IndistinguishableFrom R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route
IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost RoutingFlows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become IndistinguishableFrom R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route
Alternate Path Under-UtilizedAlternate Path Under-Utilized
IP Routing and The FishIP Routing and The Fish
8© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS TE ApplicationMPLS TE Application
• Protection solutionSimilar to SONET’s automatic protection switching
• Fast re-routeGoal is to match SONET restoral times—50 ms
Locally patch around lost facilitiesLocally re-route around failed links/nodes
StrategiesAlternate tunnel (1->1 mapping) ortunnel within tunnel (n->1 mapping)
How is this done?Locally re-route traffic onto backup paths when informedby lower layers (SONET etc.)
The backup paths are pre-established—however,bandwidth needn’t be double counted
9© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Node and Link ProtectionNode and Link Protection
R8
R2
R6
R3R4
R7
R1 R5
R9
• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4 expects before pushing the label for R6
• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6
• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4 expects before pushing the label for R6
• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6
10© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco MPLS AutoBandwidthCisco MPLS AutoBandwidth
• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load
Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.
• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE tunnels
• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load
Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.
• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE tunnels
CiscoCisco--unique feature!unique feature!
Minimum
Maximum
Total bandwidthfor all TE tunnelson a path
Bandwidth reserved fora TE tunnel using Cisco AutoBandwidth allocator
Bandwidthavailable to other tunnels
Tunnel resized totraffic rate Time
11© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
EndEnd--toto--End Solution End Solution via Cisco IOSvia Cisco IOS®® Software Software
5 Mbps5 Mbps
1 Mbps1 MbpsHQ1
VPN HQBack-up
VPN and Traffic Engineering Combinedto Provide End-to-End Services
VPN and Traffic Engineering Combinedto Provide End-to-End Services
MPLS VPN
MPLS TEMPLS TE
12© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
DiffServDiffServ
Industry Standard Industry Standard Differentiated ServicesDifferentiated Services
13© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
No state
Best Effort
Per-flow state
IntServ / RSVP
Aggregatedstate
DiffServ
1. The original IP service2. First efforts at IP QoS
3. Seeking simplicity and scale
Time
4. Bandwidth Optimization & End-to-End SLAs (IntServ+DiffServ+ Traffic Engineering)
The IP QoS PendulumThe IP QoS Pendulum
14© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
PR
OV
ISIO
NIN
G &
MO
NIT
OR
ING
PR
OV
ISIO
NIN
G &
MO
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OR
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VPNsVPNsMultimediaVideo Conferencing
Collaboration
MultimediaVideo Conferencing
Collaboration
Mission Critical
Mission CriticalVoIPVoIP
HybridHybridMPLSMPLSDiffServDiffServIntServIntServ
Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))
Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)
Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)
Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)
Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)
FrameRelay
FrameRelay
PPPHDLC
PPPHDLC SDLC
SDLCATM, POSATM, POS FE,Gig.E
10GE
FE,Gig.E10GE
WirelessFixed,Mobile
WirelessFixed,Mobile
BroadBandCable,xDSL
BroadBandCable,xDSL
PO
LIC
Y-B
AS
ED
NE
TW
OR
KIN
GP
OLIC
Y-B
AS
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NE
TW
OR
KIN
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Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)
The Cisco QoS FrameworkThe Cisco QoS Framework
15© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Differentiated ServicesDifferentiated ServicesThe IETF DiffServ ModelThe IETF DiffServ Model
• Use 6 bits in IP header to sort traffic into “Behavior Aggregates”… a.k.a. Classes!
RFCs: 2474, 2475, 2597, 2598
• Defines a number of “Per Hop Behaviors - PHBs”
• Two-Ingredient Recipe:Condition the Traffic at the EdgesInvoke the PHBs in the Core
• Use PHBs to Construct Services such as Virtual Leased Line!
16© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
• Cisco IOS 12.2 are fully compliant with all the Core DiffServ RFCs
• Platforms:
• C36xx, C72xx, C75xx -- Now
• More Platforms in the Near Future
Cisco IOS DiffServCisco IOS DiffServ
17© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
DiffServDiffServ--Aware TEAware TE
MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth ServicesServices
Integrating QoS and TEIntegrating QoS and TE
18© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS GuaranteedMPLS GuaranteedBandwidth ServicesBandwidth Services
• MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services are built by:– Extending MPLS traffic engineering
• Advertise available bandwidth for best-effort traffic• Also advertise available bandwidth for high-
priority traffic – DiffServ-aware TE–Using QoS features to guarantee delivery of the high-priority traffic
• Classification • Policing
5 Mbps5 Mbps
C1
C2
19© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Guaranteed Bandwidth Services Guaranteed Bandwidth Services Target Market SegmentsTarget Market Segments
• For service providers for who lease bandwidth
Benefit: Greater utilization of relatively costly/valuable bandwidthISPs – Internet Service ProvidersICPs – Integrated Communications ProvidersOther carriers with costly bandwidth
• For service providers who offer bandwidth services
Benefits:Premium classes of service -- revenueResiliency against failures -- fast reroutingIXEs – Interexchange Carriers – offering MPLS VPNs
$$
$$
20© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Virtual Leased Line (VLL)Virtual Leased Line (VLL)
• VLL is one example of MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services built using:
Core: GB-TEEdge:
Existing MPLS TE classification at the edgePolicing at the edge to ensure there is no theft of service
5 Mbps C1—>C35 Mbps C1—>C3C3
C1
C2
A B
10 Mbps C2—>C310 Mbps C2—>C3
21© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Toll Bypass TrunkingToll Bypass Trunking
V V
PSTN Network
TollTrunk
MPLS Network
VoIP Gateway VoIP Gateway
GB Tunnel
Class 5legacy switches
22© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Trunking Frame RelayTrunking Frame RelayAcross an MPLS CloudAcross an MPLS Cloud
• With CIR guarantees
• Adding full CIR support to FRoMPLS:
Admission control over CIR via creationof a GB-TE tunnel for sum of all CIRs
MPLSDLCI=177
High PriorityDLCI=215
DLCI=251
DLCI=310Low Priority
Frame RelayInterface
Frame RelayInterface
Frame RelayInterface
23© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Guaranteed BandwidthMPLS Guaranteed BandwidthConclusionsConclusions
• Adds strict Point-to-Point QoS commitment over MPLS infrastructure
• Further step towards enabling MPLS as the multiserviceinfrastructure Other parallel steps include Fast Reroute, Admission Control of Voice, ...
• Enabler for a whole range of MPLS applications
• DiffServ-aware TE is a key Core tool for “MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth Services”
• DiffServ-aware TE allows some GB applications (Virtual Leased Line, FRoMPLS CIR, Static Voice Trunks)
• Follow-on developments for flexible Edge Behaviors and advanced GB-TE capabilities will allow additional GB apps
24© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco DifferentiationCisco Differentiation
• Extending MPLS traffic engineeringwith Guaranteed Bandwidth Services
Leverage the rich feature set Cisco IOS QoS
Cisco-unique AutoBandwidth feature
Build point-to-point bandwidth guaranteed services such as
Virtual IP leased lines
Toll bypass trunks for Voice over IP
25© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETFCisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETF
• IETF contributions over 50• Cisco is either the author or the co-author
in key IETF MPLS drafts
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001TimeTime
Cisco Calls aBOF at IETF to
StandardizeTag Switching
Cisco Calls aBOF at IETF to
StandardizeTag Switching
Traffic Engineering Deployed
Traffic Engineering Deployed
MPLS VPNDeployed
MPLS VPNDeployed
Over 30 Customersin Production
Over 30 Customersin Production
Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching)
Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching)
Cisco ShipsMPLS TE
Cisco ShipsMPLS TE
MPLS Croup Formally Chartered
by IETF
MPLS Croup Formally Chartered
by IETF
26© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco AdvantageCisco Advantage
• Shipped MPLS in Cisco IOS softwarerelease 11.1CT - July 1998
• First to deploy MPLS in a production network
• First to deploy MPLS traffic engineering
• First to deploy MPLS VPNs
• First to deploy QoS-enhanced MPLS TE
• Broadest platform support
• Interoperable solution based in standards
27© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Key MessagesKey Messages
• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful solution for improving network resource management
• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services: Assuring value-added services
Better availability with TE, scalable VPN solution
• Cisco: Leading the industry and market with advanced, integrated MPLS and QoS solutions
29© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Technology OverviewMPLS Technology Overview——Main IdeasMain Ideas
• Separate forwarding information (label) from the content of data (IP header)
• Single forwarding paradigm (label swapping)—multiple routing paradigms
• Multiple link-specific realizations of the label swapping forwarding paradigm
Label, VPI/VCI, Lambda (wavelength)
• Flexibility of grouping traffic into Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs)
• Forwarding hierarchy via label stacking
30© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS Technology OverviewMPLS Technology Overview
1a. Existing Routing Protocols (e.g. OSPF, IS-IS) Establish Reachability to Destination Networks
1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Establishes Label to Destination Network Mappings
4. Edge LSR at Egress Removes Label and Delivers Packet
3. LSR Switches Packets Using Label Swapping
2. Ingress Edge LSR Receives Packet, Performs Layer 3 Value-Added Services, and Labels Packets
LSPLSP
31© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
MPLS ApplicationsMPLS Applications
• MPLS a service enablerHighly-scalable network-based VPN solution
• Traffic managementIP traffic engineering solutionProtection solution with fast re-route
• Advanced IP servicesVirtual leased line using guaranteed bandwidth services
• Integration of diverse technologies
IP + ATMIP + Optical
OPTICALOPTICAL
IPIPATMATM
MPLSMPLS
32© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Defined PHBsDefined PHBs
• Expedited Forwarding (EF): RFC2598
dedicated low delay queue
Comparable to Guaranteed B/W in IntServ
• Assured Forwarding (AF): RFC2597
n queues × m drop preferences
Comparable to Controlled Load in IntServ
• Class Selector: Compat. with IP Prec
• Default (best effort)
33© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
EQUANT ANNOUNCES PRIORITY SERVICE FOR URGENT VOICE & DATA TRAFFIC:
Real Time ClassOptimized for toll quality Voice over IP and time-sensitive applications
Interactive ClassDesigned to give quick response for business critical applications
• Standard Business ClassSuitable for day-to-day business applications, client server traffic and corporate web traffic
• General ClassIdeal for email, Internet http traffic and Notes replication
For further information see http://www.equant.com (News from June 8, 2000)
REALREAL--WORLD WORLD DiffServ!DiffServ!
34© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Acronym GuideAcronym Guide
• AF Assured Forwarding
• APS Automatic Protection Switching
• ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• DiffServ Differentiated Services
• EF Expedited Forwarding
• GB-TE Guaranteed Bandwidth Traffic Engineering
• IP Internet Protocol
• MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
• PHB Per Hop Behavior
• PNNI Private Network to Network Interface
• PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
• QoS Quality of Service
• SONET Synchronous Optical Network
• TE Traffic Engineering
• VoIP Voice over IP
• VPN Virtual Private Network