Industry

Agglomeration

• Snowballing geographical process by which secondary and service industrial activities become clustered in cities and compact industrial regions in order to share infrastructure and markets.

Infrastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities.

Ex. Roadways, sewage systems, railroads, etc.

Bulk-gaining industry

• An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs

Industrial Inertia

• When a firm remains in its original location even after it initial advantage has disappeared.

Manufacturing regionby Mac

• A region where one type of product is mainly manufactured.

Footloose industries

• An industry that is not tied to any particular location of country, and can relocate across national borders in response to changing economic conditions.

Site Characteristics

• The actual physical, environmental, and demographic features of a site

Fordism

• Fordism is the modern economic system that bases off of mass production of goods.

Location Theory

• Location theory is concerned with the geographic location of economic activity; it has become an integral part of economic geography, regional science, and spatial economics. Location theory addresses the questions of what economic activities are located where and why. Location theory rests — like microeconomic theory generally — on the assumption that agents act in their own self interest. Thus firms choose locations that maximize their profits and individuals choose locations that maximize their utility.

Non-basic Industry

• Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community

Brownfield

• A former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination

Break of Bulk

• A site where cargo is broken down from a large, bulk carrying unit, to smaller scale units, usually involving a change in the mode of transport.

(Be able to)problems industrialization causes

for developing countries• Rapid industrial growth has made water

pollution, air pollution, and hazardous wastes pressing environmental problems in many areas of the developing world.

• Industrial emissions combine with vehicle exhausts to cause air pollution, while concentrations of heavy metals and ammonia loads are often high enough to cause major fish kills downriver from industrial areas

Assembly Line

• An arrangement of workers, machines, and equipment in which the production being assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed.

Industrial Revolution

• A period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times.

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Basic Industry

• Industrial Sector which exports all or nearly all of its production.

• Basic industries create new incomes and additional spending power in their own county’s economy.

Cottage Industry

• An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based rather than factory-based.

Break of Bulk

• A site where cargo is broken down from a large, bulk carrying unit, to smaller scale units, usually involving a change in the mode of transport.

Economies Of Scale

• The cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost as the size of a facility and the usage levels of other inputs increase.

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Alfred Weber

• (July30, 1868-May 2, 1958)-German economist, geographer, and sociologist whose work was influential in the development of modern geography. Developed the Least Cost Theory of Industrial Location.

Primary Industry

An Industry involved in the extraction and collection of natural resources, such as copper and timber, as well as by activities such as farming and fishing.

Capital

• Of or relating to capital assets; accumulated assets (as money) invested or available for investment; used to produce goods

Raw Materials

• Materials suitable for manufacture use or finishing (natural resources)

Weber’s theory

• A theory of industrial location in which an industry is located where the transportation costs of raw materials and final product is a minimum

Secondary Industry

• Industry that focuses on processing raw materials to manufactured goods

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• Compare and contrast pre industrial, industrial, and post industrial life.

• Pre industrial- hard life and less productivity and slavery

• Industrial- hard life for lower class people, but there was a lot more productivity

• Post industrial-machines come cheapwe productivity and diversity rises

Situation Characteristics

• The physical characteristics of a place

Export Processing Zone

• Is an area within which goods may be landed, handled, manufactured or reconfigured, and re-exported without the intervention of the customs authorities.

Manufacturing Zones

North East- Textiles

Mid-Atlantic- Steel Production

Mid-West- Automobile Production

West- Automobile Production

South East- Textiles

South West- Textiles

Least-Cost Theory

• Theory of industrial location in which an industry is located where the transportation costs of raw materials and final product are a minimum.

Mass Production

– The manufacture of a product on a large scale, often done by an assembly line or another means of efficient production. The process is often carefully determined to produce the greatest quantity of products while using the fewest resources.

Labor Intensive (Industry)

• An industry for which labor costs compromise a high percentage of total expenses.

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Bulk-reducing Industry

• an industry in which the final product weighs less or has a lower volume than the inputs.

Manufacturing Region

• An area that is tied together by some common bond for manufacturing (transportation, fuel, etc. ties the area together)