Industrialization America 1865 – 1905. The Second Industrial Revolution Cause: The abundance of...
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Transcript of Industrialization America 1865 – 1905. The Second Industrial Revolution Cause: The abundance of...
The Second Industrial Revolution
• Cause: The abundance of STEEL
Bessemer Steel Process
• Henry Bessemer (Great Britain)
• Steel could be produced very quickly
• Iron ore is used for steel production
Steel Producing Centersin U.S.
• Gary, Indiana
• Cleveland, Ohio
• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Iron Ore was mined in Mid west
• Coal: West Virginia and Pennsylvania-needed for fuel
Impact of Steel Production
• RR’s began using steel instead of iron for its rails because they were longer lasting and stronger
• Steel became a major component in bridge building and building construction.
• Many storied buildings were now possible since steel could make the skeletal structure
• Wire and nails were now made of steel
Oil
• Became a major component in industrial development
• Kerosene for light
• Refineries began making waxes and lubricating oils
Elijah Mc Coy
• Invented the lubricating cup which enabled machinery to run more efficiently and smoothly
Railroads
• With the advent of cheap steel, railroad companies were able to lay thousands of miles of new and improved track
• Transcontinental railroad was complete by 1869 (East and West of US connected)
• George Westinghouse: compressed air brake – rail safety
• Provided jobs and stimulated growth of other industries
Horseless Carriage
• 1876 first internal combustion engine was develop
• 1893 – first motor car
• 1900 – wealthy Americans owned cars and the automobile became a commercial industry
Airplanes
• The development of the internal combustion engine enabled the Wright brothers to construct a working airplane
• Numerous patents and inventions related to flight were designed by engineers
Telegraph
• Telegraph is a means oc communication over wires with electricity
• Inventor: Samuel Morse
• 1866 – Western Union had over 2,000 offices
Telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell invented the talking telegraph
• Late 1880’s - over 1 million telephones
• ATT became one of the major and longest lasting monopolies in the United States
Typewriter
• Invented by Charles Sholes 1867
• Revolutionized communications by allowing legible documents to be easily produced
• Business developed" typing pools”, clerical workers whose job it was to type
• Gave working class women a skilled profession
Thomas Edison
• Pioneer in communications technology
• Electronic vote recorder
• Telegraphic stock ticker
• Phonograph
• Motion picture cameras
• Light bulb
• First electric power plant in NYC