Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
-
Upload
nikos-vassiliades -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
1/139
&
2006
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
2/139
. , ... 1
3
1 ........................................................................................................... 41.1 ... 41.2 .. 51.3 61.4 . 81.5 . 8
2 . 112.1 112.2 122.3 132.4 .. 162.5 ......... 16
3 . 17
4 19
4.1 194.2 224.3 . 34
5 .. 375.1 ... 375.2 ... 375.3 .. 39
5.4 ........ 405.5 ... 405.6 ... 415.7 . 415.8 . 415.9 ................................................................. 45
5.10 .. 45
6 . 46
6.1 , 46
6.2
.. 50
7 . 52
7.1 527.2 . 547.3 557.4 577.5 . 597.6 607.7 (, , ..) . 637.8 ... 637.9 ... 67
7.10 ... 687.11 . 69
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
3/139
. , ... 2
7.12 .. 697.13 ... 707.14 ... 747.15 ... 78
8
... 808.1 808.2 828.3 .. 848.4 848.5 () .. 84
9 889.1
..88
9.2 ... 899.3 899.4 89
9.5 ... 949.6 . 949.7 . 979.8 ... 999.9
.. 102
10 . 10410.1 ... 10410.2 . 10410.3 . 10510.4 . 10710.5 ... 109
10.6 .. 10910.7 . 11010.8 11110.9 .. 114
10.10 .. 11410.11 11610.12 .. 11710.13 11810.14
.... 122
11 ... 12411.1 .. 124
11.2 .. 12411.3 .. 12511.4 .. 12911.5 ... 12911.6 . 12911.7 .. 13011.8 .. 131
.. 133
........................... 138
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
4/139
. , ... 3
,
,
, ,
().
,
, .
,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, ..
,
' 9
.
, .
. ()
.
, 2006
...
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
5/139
. , ... 4
1.
1.1
, ( 1.1.1). .
, , , , , , ... , . , ,, , ... ( 91/271/ 21.05.1991). , . .
1.1.1.
, . . , , . , (, ,
) , . .
BIOMHXANIKA
, ...
.
.
BIOMHXANIKA
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
6/139
. , ... 5
() , , (, ). (,, , - ),
, . . , , .
1.2
(), (), (), (), (), () (). ,
: ,
.
, ( ) ( , , ,,
). .
96/61/(L257/10.10.96)
96/61/, , . , , , . , (.. ),
. . 96/61/ (Integrated Prevention Pollution Control, IPPC) , . , . . ,, . (' ) 69269/5387/90 (85/337/O). 96/61/ ,
. , ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
7/139
. , ... 6
(), . , . , :1. .
2. .3. .4. .5. , .6. .7. .8. .9.
.10. .11. .12. .13. ,
.14. .
96/61//24.9.96
.
. ,
88/609/O/24.11.1998, , .
.
() .
. 96/61.
.
.
(, ). , .
.
.
1.3
(, , , ...), , , (,, , ...).
, , , , ... , ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
8/139
. , ... 7
... , , , (3) (H2S). 1.3.1, .24. 100 - 300 lt
. 150 - 200 lt , . (). , 91/271/ 21/5/91 , , . , BOD5 20 % 50 % .
1.3.1.
gr/.-.
mg/l
115 170 680 1.000
65 85 380 500
35 50 200 290
OD5 50 70 290 410
COD 115 125 680 730
6 17 35 100
1 3 6 18
& < 1 < 5 1 4 6 24
- 1010- 1012./ml
- 108 - 1010./ml
,, , : BOD5: 25 mg/l O2
70 90 %. COD: 125 mg/l O2
75 %. : 35 mg/l
90 %. : 2 mg/l P ( 10.000 100.000 ..)
80 % () (.. : ).
: 15 mg/l (10.000 100.000 ..) 70 80 % ( ).
.. , , : 31/12/2005, .. 10.000
15.000.
31/12/2005, , .. 2.000 10.000.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
9/139
. , ... 8
1.4
, ( ) .. , , , , , ...
. , . , . , (.. ). , , . .
,
. , . , (, , ), (, , ) . , .
, . : , (, , ).
(, , , ...). ().
: , ( , , , ,
...). , (, , , , , , ,
, ...). . .
1.5 (...) (..)
, (BOD) . .
(...) (..). 1.5.1 1.5.2 .
167 lt , BOD360mg/l. :
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
10/139
. , ... 9
360 x 167 = 60000 mg 60 gr BOD /
, 70 80 gr BOD .
91/271/21/5/91 (..)BOD560 gr/. . , 300 m3, D5310 mg/l, :
grBOD
lt
grlt93000310,0300000 ====
: 15506093000==== ...
1.5.3 ... () .. () - .
1.5.1. mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/lBOD5mg/l
130 270 400 130
70 130 200 80
330 330 660 150 530 730 1260 360
1.5.2. gr
BOD5
20 40 60 21
10 20 30 14
50 50 100 25
80 110 190 60
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
11/139
. , ... 10
1.5.3.
(m
3)
...
1 2 8 500
1 4 14 500
1 6 26 40 150
1 10 20 120 400
1 2
0,3 0,4 70 200
()
1000 lt 4 6 10 30
(
)
1000 lt 10 50 250
1
20 500
1000 lt 5 20 300 2000
1000 lt 4 6 1500 - 2000
1
40 60 1000 4000
1 30 70 2000 3000
1
50 100 250 350
1 20 50 2000 3500
1 5 700 2300
1 200 400 3000 4000
1 125 1000 100 300
-
1 15 1000
1 100 150 150
1 500 200
1 0,8 lt/ 1
1 40 lt/ 1
1 40 200 lt/ 1
1 60 lt/ 1 10
1 3 8 12 30
1 8 50 8 50
1 m3
16 560
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
12/139
. , ... 11
2.
2.1
:
, (SS) (DS) , (P), ., , . 2.1.1 ( ) . , .
2.1.1.
. , , , () (). , . ( ) . ,
( ) ( )
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
13/139
. , ... 12
. 2.1.1 ().
2.1.1.
.:
.:
.:
.:
, , , , , . , .
2.2
, . .: , ,
, , ( ),
, , , (
), , , , ( ...)
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
14/139
. , ... 13
2.3
, . ,
. , , .. , , , ... , :
() .
. . .
. , , , , , , , . . . . (Cu, Pb, Hg, Cd), ,
, (As) (CN-
) .
, , ( ), ..91/271/21/5/91 , , , ,
, . ,, . , , , , , ,, , , , , , ... , , , , , , , , , ,.
' , ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
15/139
. , ... 14
... . (H2S) ' , ... (2.3.1). (2.3.2). , ,
- : 4222 2 SOHOSH ++++ .
. .: . (
). . ( 2S -
). . (
2S ). . (
. . ).
2.3.1.
.
( 2.3.1). . (): , (, ...).
(S2-)(HS-)
,, ,...
() ()
()
H2S (pH )
-
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
16/139
. , ... 15
, .
, , , , Cl2, NaOCl, H2O2, 3...
.
2.3.2.
(): ,
.
PVC. 0.3 - 0.5 mm.
(): (H2S) Zn
2+, Fe
2+, Fe
3+
.
2S Cl2, NaOCl, H2O2, 3...
2.3.1.
1. 2. 3.
1.
2.
1.
2.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
17/139
. , ... 16
2.4
, 2.4.1.
2.4.1.
1.
2.
3. 4. (VOCs)5. 6. 7. ()
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
,,
13.
1.
2. 3. 4.
,
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
()12.
(BOD, COD)
2.5
24.
3 24 1 . , 30m
3/h 3 .
, .
.
(), , (Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater). .
, , , .
, .
.
, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
18/139
. , ... 17
3.
(, ). .
1. : , , , ,
2. - , : , , () - (- )
-
3. - , : - () - () - , , , - - - - , , ,
4. , , , &
5. ()
6. ()
7.
( )
,
,
(, )
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
19/139
. , ... 18
8. , ()
9.
10.
11.
12. : , ( , ,
) , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,,
, ()
13. : (, , , ,
, , , ) , , , , , , ,
(, , ) , , , , ,
, , ... , , , ,
, ..
, , :1. .2. .3.
, , .4. ,
.5. .6. , .7. ( )
.8.
.9. .
( ) ,
, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
20/139
. , ... 19
4.
4.1
.
. , , , , , , . . 4.1.1 .
4.1.1.
()
,, . > 700 - 800 C t > 0,5 sec . . , .
. , (, ,, ) 4.1.2. . . . ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
21/139
. , ... 20
(.. , ). - , , . H2S SO2 .
4.1.2.
. (15 40 m) . , .
99 % 1 m .
(aerosol) 100 % 3 m 95 99 % .
, 0,1 m 95 99 %. . . .
(Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs) (.. ).
VOCs < 1 ppm. ( ). ..
. , () . . () () .UV . , , .
4.1.3 4.1.4
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
22/139
. , ... 21
4.1.3.
VOC NOx, SOx
Dry cleaningPeeling
Extrusion
/
4.1.4.
VOC NOx, SOx
Cy, FF
Dry cleaning Cy, FF
Peeling C, TO, BO, CO
Cy, FF
Extrusion C, TO, BO, CO
C, TO, BO, CO Cy, FF
/ Ad, C,TO, BO,CO
C, TO, BO, CO Cy, FF
Ab, Ad,C, TO,BO, CO
Ab, Ad, C, TO, BO, CO
Cy, FF
Ad, C,TO,BO,CO
Ad, C,TO, BO,CO
(Ab:, Ad:, C:, TO: , BO: ,CO:, Cy:, FF:)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
23/139
. , ... 22
4.2
.
. , , , , . . (pilot plant) (.. jar tests) . / () ( ).
. 4.2.1 4.2.11 .
.
. (3 - 10).
. 0,2 25 mm. (SS) 5 20 % BOD5 0 10 %. .
, , 200 m .
pH pH (3.5 - 12) , .(Ca(OH)2) NaOH. , . CO2, H2SO4 CO2 SO2.
pH.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
24/139
. , ... 23
CO2 H2SO4 , - , pH . CO2 . CO2(jet aeration).
4.2.1.
. , 0,2 - 10 lt 100 m3 ().
. , . (Dissolved Air Flotation, DAF) 4 - 5 atm. , , , , . - , . . , .
-
-pH
( )
()
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
25/139
. , ... 24
. , , , . (, )
BOD SS (40 %, 60 % ).
, , . . .
. , . (,) .
. , (~ 70 %) .: (, , ).
(, ). , . . ,.. . . ( ) (CO2), (3
-), (S4
2-), (4
3-) ().
() (CH4),(CO2), (H2S), (3) (). (facultative) ,
., ,. , , . (), ., . , . (
). .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
26/139
. , ... 25
, (, , C : N : P ...).
4.2.2.
, , , , . , .
.
() . . . . ( , ) , ., : (, - .
). (, -). , .
&
Imhoff
&
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
27/139
. , ... 26
4.2.2. ()
(...)
( ) , , . .
, . , ., . , COD/ BOD ( ), . , . - . . . () .
4.2.3.
- (, ) , , COD. ,
(Al2(SO4)3 .18H2O), (FeCl3 .6H2O FeSO4 .7H2O) (Ca(OH)2).
( )
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
28/139
. , ... 27
, . . , .
, . , , () . (Cl2,ClO2, O3, 22) (UV).
4.2.4.
,
. , , .
. , . . , . ,
.
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
29/139
. , ... 28
, , , .
, . ( , , ). (rayon) . , pH , . . ,
, .
.
. 20 25 % , ,.
() .
.
(3) . . , pH . . , , . ,
() .
, (.. ).
,.
()
, , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
30/139
. , ... 29
( ,) () () . ,
.
4.2.5.
4.2.6.
4.2.7.
&
( )
()
-
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
31/139
. , ... 30
4.2.8.
4.2.9.
(& )
() ()
SS
-
pH (
& ) () ()
&
Imhoff &
,
(&)
()
BOD COD
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
32/139
. , ... 31
() . .
(--)
. . . (nitrogen fixation) :
322 23 NHHN bacteriaCyan
++++ (NH2CONH2) urease ((NH4)2CO3). ., (2
-)
(3-) (nitrification).
. nitrosomonas nitrobacter.:
OHHNOONH asNitrosomon 2223 22232 ++++++++ ++++ ++++
++++ 322 22 NOONO rNitrobacte
. . , ( acrhromobacter, bacillus, denitrobacillus) .
OHCOONHHCHONO bacteriangDenitrifyi
221
2221
3 1++++++++ ++++++++ ++++
4.2.10. ()
()
. (~ 4 gr / ) 3/4
&
&
,
(NH4
+, NO2
-, NO3
-)
(
)
N
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
33/139
. , ... 32
. (1/4 ) (PO4
3-) 70 90 % (P2O7
2-),
. O . 10 % 30 %
, . H ( ) . . , 2 mg/lt. H, , 90 95 %. :- - -
, .
4.2.11. ()
(Fe) (FeCl3 .6H2O) (FeSO4 .7H2O) (Al2SO4.18H2O). . , ,
, ,
&
&
,
(PO4
3-)
()
( )
P
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
34/139
. , ... 33
. , . , , . H .
95% Al / P 2,0/1,0/ 22/1.
:. . .. . H , .. . .
. . ,.
H , . H (-) . H : () , .
. . H 80% .
H . H , . .
.
H . O , : PO4
3-+ NH4
+ + CO2+
. .H , C:P:N, , pH .
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
35/139
. , ... 34
.
4.3
,
, (, , ..), . , , , . , (, ...). () (.. ).
, . , , .: (), (, ), ,
, (),
, .,
() . . , , , (, ). . 4.3.1.
. , . .
, , . : , ., , . , . 2,5 - 5 % (2 - 3 %)., .
. 5 8 %.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
36/139
. , ... 35
, . . 3 - 5 %.
4.3.1.
(%)(% DS)
(% DS)
-4+(% )
C/N
1,5 - 2 60-80 3 - 5
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
37/139
. , ... 36
, . - , . . 180 - 250 kg SS / m3..
. , , (SS) 250 - 350 kg SS / m3 . , 8 - 12 atm. .
, . . .
150 - 250 kg SS / m3
.
, 850 C ( 1200 C), t > 2 sec. , , , . . . .
(C), (), (), , , , (, ...), . (, , , .. ) , . , : - (,
).
(, ). (, ). ,
. ..
: (). .
-
, ,
, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
38/139
. , ... 37
5.
5.1
() , .
, . (, , ), , (U.H.T. Ultra High Temperature), , , ( ) . 5.1.1. , .() . 100 C.
. U.H.T. (Ultra HighTemperature). , .. , (17 kg /100 kg ) . . . , , . . , ,
. . . 3 4 %. 150 C. .
5.2
, , ( ). . ,
. , (). , .(80 82 %), (15,5 - 17,5 %), , , , (1 2 % ).(5.2.1) () , 80 %. () , , . ,. ,(), .
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
39/139
. , ... 38
5.1.1.
( )
.
63 65 C .
,, .
() (). 0,1% 100 lt 10 lt 35 40 % . , .
, . 30 min 63 65 C (- ), () 15''
() 72 75 C. . H.T.S.T. (High Temperature Short Time) . 5 - 6 C (). .
, .
1 - 2 m
. 48 7 C 10 % . H , (150 -250 atm) 60 70 C, . , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
40/139
. , ... 39
5.2.1.
5.3
, . , , . . . (5.3.1) .
5.3.1.
90 C .
45 C, . , .
, ().
(set)
45 C . 45 C .
.
()
,
-
- -
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
41/139
. , ... 40
5.4
( ) . ( ). ,. 5.4.1.
5.4.1. 5.5
, (, , ), , , , . , ( 72 C 15 sec ) . (2 5 C) (24) (). . . ,
. . , . -5 -10 C (,, ...) . , , -22 C. -30 C , ,, . . , "" .
( +40 C) , . .
-
(, ). , , .
. ,
. . , () .
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
42/139
. , ... 41
3 , ().
5.6
,
(50 90 % ). 5.6.1 o , . , 1,3 2,5 lt/ kg . 0,8 1,0 lt / kg .
5.6.1. ,
(lt H2O / lt )
(lt H2O / lt )
2,2 1,0 4,3 2,6 0,7 5,4
&
2,5 0,8 4,5
: , 1986
5.7
.. , , , , , , .
, . (80 %) . (~ 20 %) , .
5.7.1.
(GJ / )
(GJ / )
0,20 0,46
0,76 4,34
1,43 20,60
0,71 3,53
: Cleaner Production Assessment in Dairy Processing, UNEP (Joyce and Burgi, 1993)
5.8
. .
:
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
43/139
. , ... 42
(.. , , ...)
().. ,
.
, , (CFCs) . 5.8.1.
, () () pH, .
, , , ... 5.8.2.
: , , , ,
(.. , , ,
, ...) , .
5.8.1.
(,, ...) .. (x)(SOx) ..
., , .
,,.
(CFCs), .. , ,, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
44/139
. , ... 43
5.8.2.
(m
3/
)
BOD5(kg / )
COD(kg / )
SS(kg / )
0,83 0,46 0,84 0,03
3,87 3,21 5,63 1,5
3,87 3,21 5,63 1,5
20,9 20,9 36,5 10,4
cottage (...)
79,4 137 239 3,4
cottage (...)
80,3 609 953 3,4
14,8 10,3 16,8 5
15,7 482 731 5
1,6 0,8 1,4 0,24
7,2 3,9 6,8 1,5
: , 1980, ,
, . (5.8.1)
5.8.1.
, , 0,5 2,5 % (
4 % ) 5 15 %.
(CIP)(Cleaning In Place)
(High Pressure Jet Cleaning)
(Foam Cleaning)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
45/139
. , ... 44
, . , , , . , , , . . , 5.8.3.
5.8.3.
(BOD5mg/lt)
104.000
67.000
34.000
156.000
116.000
: , 1986
, , 80-90 % 50 % . (pH 5,8 - 6,6), (pH 5 - 5,8) (pH < 5). 7,5 % (COD ~ 60.000 mg/lt). . 5.8.4.
5.8.4.
(kg/kg )
2,8 6,8
8,9
2,9
5,1
4,9
8,2
: , 1986
.
() . , . , . .
. , . U.H.T.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
46/139
. , ... 45
(tetrapack) . , . .
5.9
. , , 5.9.1.
5.9.1.
5.10
( - ) . , , ,, ( ) (). .
( ) .
()
()
()
()-
()
(,,
)
(pH)
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
47/139
. , ... 46
6.
6.1 ,
(6.1.1) (6.1.2), (6.1.3) (6.1.4).. ( ) . . , , . . . , , . , , ,
( ). . . , . , ( ) .
6.1.1.
-
- (- )
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
48/139
. , ... 47
. , . () . . . , .
, , , , . 4C , . , , . , . , , . .
6.1.2.
, , , , .7 - 9 m3/. D5 1,25 kg/ (0,5 2,0 kg/) 90 kg 3,0kg/ (1,0 5,0 kg/) 250 kg. D51850 - 2000mg/l 930 mg/l. , D5 5,3 m
3/ , 6,0
kg/5,6 kg/. ~ 22,5 lt/, D5 15,0g/~ 15,4 g/.
-
- -
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
49/139
. , ... 48
(, , , , ), (, ) . .
. , . .
(, , ...). . () (100 oC 2.5 , 130
oC ). ,
, 15 . & . (VOCs),
. VOCs , . .(32 % . 68 % VOCs, ). .
. , . ,
, , . , . (VOCs) . BOD5100 mg/l . (, , ), ( , ), (). .
, , . , 9.3m
3 D5 6,3 kg/
3,0 kg/. 5 - 9 m3/D5750 mg/l 780 mg/l. (, , ), ( , ) . .
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
50/139
. , ... 49
. .
6.1.3. ,
()
-
...
( ...)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
51/139
. , ... 50
6.1.4.
6.2
(6.2.1) (40-55 % ) , , .
, , . . , , , , , . 8.7 m3, 9.2 kg BOD5, 5.4 kg TSS 1.7 kg . . , .
(, , ) (, ). .
(, , ...)
/ -
, ,
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
52/139
. , ... 51
(, , ..) . 280 kg . . , - ,
, . , , ... . , 0,3 -0,4 kg SS/kgBOD5. 0,5 - 0,7 kg SS/kgBOD5. H , , .
. , . .
6.2.1.
(, ...)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
53/139
. , ... 52
7.
7.1 ()
.
, , . . , 30 . . 7.1.1., () 25, 40 35 % ( ). , .
,
, .
( ), . , (, , , ...). (BOD5, COD,SS).(.. 3 ), 1 m3/5 m3/3 - 5,5 m3/.
16 20 % , 76 80 % 4 % . BOD5 42 kg/ 210 kg/TSS 65 kg/325 kg/. (3 ), 1,4m
3/ 7,5 - 8,2 m3/ ,
. , , 10 11 % , 84 85 % 4 5 % . , BOD5 19 kg/95 kg/TSS 91 kg/455 kg/.
7.1.1.
()
BOD5 (mg/l) 9.200 20.000 22.000 62.000 13.000 14.000
COD (mg/l) 100.000 118.000 59.000 162.000 39.000 78.000
SS (mg/l) 65.000 - -
pH 3 5 4,6 4,9 ~5,2
() (mg/l) 34.000 - -
decanters, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
54/139
. , ... 53
. (62-70 %), .
7.1.1.
, ,() . , , Imhoff., . . , (50 60 %). . .
&
()
()
, , . (decanters). decanter ,(40-55 %) . , decanters. (62-70 %). . , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
55/139
. , ... 54
. .
7.2 ()
, . . . 7.2.1.
7.2.1.
- ( ), (), , ( ~ 40C). ( ), , , , . . ,
. () ,
().
, --().
(8 10 %)
, . () . , .
- , , , ( ). , .
(~ 70mg/m
3).
, , , , . (, ) .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
56/139
. , ... 55
()., .
., . () .
. .
7.3 (, )
. ,
4 10 %.(7.3.1) ( 7.3.2). ,(7.3.3), .
7.3.1.
(CO2, CO, VOCs, SO2, Nx). (), - , , ,
, . ,
, . , , (flakes).
, , , (). 10 % .
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
57/139
. , ... 56
. ,(, ) (, ...). -,
(). , ., . . ., , , ... .
7.3.2.
(flakes). .
. (),. . .
-
, , , .
( , ).
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
58/139
. , ... 57
7.3.3.
7.4 ()
. , . ()., (, , , ) . (, ), .
7.4.1.
()
, , , ().40-44% 30-35 %.
. -, .
()
, , ...
. , , (0,25mm) (flakes).
. .
, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
59/139
. , ... 58
. , .
7.4.1.
, -.
, . , (BOD, ). . (7.4.1)., , pH Ca(OH)2
, ,
()
.
, .
.
(, ).
. H2Ni).
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
60/139
. , ... 59
. (lagoons), , , . , , . , ,
.
7.4.1.
BOD5(mg/l) COD (mg/l) SS (mg/l)
(, , , )
2.270 8.070 1.600
(, )
135 - 290 480 - 580 40 100
(), , (), (DAF), , . (), ( ) . ,
.
. , , , , ... ( ) , . (), . . . (Ni) . .
7.5
, . , , , . , , . , , , . , , , , , , . . .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
61/139
. , ... 60
(11.5 % 15.5 %), , . , . . , ,
. . (). , . () 2.5 3 m. , . , 20 m. 50 .
. . , . . , , . , . , .
7.6
. 35 - 50 50 C 45 % . (), / () . 7.6.1. ( ) (
), . , , ,. , . , . , , .. , , ,(50 % ), / ( ). 1 12 % 600 Kg , 60 Kg , 90 Kg 60 Kg
. , , , , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
62/139
. , ... 61
. .
- - ,
, . , , , , , , . . , . , . ..
. , , (...).. . . ,.
, . . , . ( ) .
, , SO2. 6.6.1
, .
7.6.1.
-, ,
VOCs
SO2
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
63/139
. , ... 62
7.6.1.
/
&
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
64/139
. , ... 63
7.7 (, , , ..)
, , , , , , , , , .
, , , .
() . . .
, ,
. , () . ( , ) .
.
7.8
(7.8.1). 16 20 %. , . H , .. , 550 700 % . . ,
. (,, ). . . ~4 mm . . .. 70 80 C. . ( , , ,
) 70 85 .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
65/139
. , ... 64
(SO2) (NaOCl) (NH4SO3). 0,2 %.
7.8.1.
(
). (25 - 30 %) (
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
66/139
. , ... 65
%) . 95 % 70 80 %, 5 10 %. . (30 % ).
10 15 % , , , .. . 80 85 C 15 20 g Ca/lt . (CaCO3) CO2 . . , : , (, Ca ), ( , ),
( Ca CaCO3 CO2), Ca . pH (CaCO3) . SO2 . (12,513 % ) 6065 % . . . 60 125 C. 5065 %. CaCO3,
() . . . . . 80 90 C . , . , ,() . ,
. 9597 % 99,5 %. , . . . , . . 0,02 % (). . (50 %) (
) . ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
67/139
. , ... 66
(). . ( ) 50 kg, .
(50 70 % ). 4.000 14.000kg 1.000 kg . 2.000 6.000 kg . , 300 kg 100 kg . 15 m3.
. CaO CO2 (CaCO3) CaO CO2. .
. , (VOCs) (SO2). . ( ), . SO2 . . . - , (CO2CH4).
, ( ) . (, ...). (2S).
(BOD 1.700 7.000mg/l, COD 10.000 mg/l, 5.000 mg/l , NH4
+). 23 m3
, 20 kg BOD5, 75 kg TSS.
. ( ) - 10 , BOD 2,4 115-1.525 mg/l, SS 8-40 127-4.500 mg/l. . , (~ 8% ..). (~ 13,5 % ..). 0,05-0,4 . . (CaCO3), ,
. BOD 1.060-27.800 (6.370 mg/l),
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
68/139
. , ... 67
, 140.000-350.000 ( 230.000 mg/l). () 5,5-19 (8 ). , (50-65 oC), pH 8-10 .
, , , . , BOD 25-130 (25 mg/l), 67 mg/l. 3-15 mg/l.. () () . , . . . H
.
, .(, ... 1 % ..) . (.. , , ...) , (), . ()
. 30-35 % , 75 % CaCO325 % . , . 0,2 % .. ., , . .
7.9 -
. , . , , . () . () , . , . , , ., , , , , ...
, .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
69/139
. , ... 68
( ) ( ) . .
. . ., . , .() . (, ...). (), .
7.10
( ) . . 25 - 30 %(), 20, 35 C. -, . 130 , ( , , ...). ,
. 11 - 13 %. (~ 24 , 15 4 - 5 ). , . , , .
, . , () VOCs
. () .
() . , .
(
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
70/139
. , ... 69
) 5 %. . , . . ,
. .
7.11
() . ... () (). . 8 18 200 220 C, 260 C 5 . () .
( ). - -.
()
. .
() .
7.12
(), ( ), (, , ...) (
). (, ...)., . 96,5 % . 96 %, 92 - 93 % (, )., .
, (VOCs)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
71/139
. , ... 70
().
. .
. , , ( 40 % / ). .
( ) pH .
(...) .
. . .
7.13
7.13.1. . . , , . . , . 3 7 % , , . ,
. , , , . . , , . , ..
, , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
72/139
. , ... 71
7.13.1.
( )
-
()
SO2
()
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
73/139
. , ... 72
. , , 25 - 30 C. 25 C , 30 C , .
, , , , , . , 4. , , ., , , , ,
. . , . . . (, ). , . , , , , . , .
, . , , .,. , . . . . 65 -70
C. , , ,
, . , -3C
-6 C 3 - 6 . , . (10-20 gr/lt ) .
.
, , ( pH ), .
, , (),
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
74/139
. , ... 73
, , , . ,, . . 0,003-0,0053 m3 /m3 45 - 105 kg BOD/m3 ,
. (0,016-0,0024 m3/m3)45 85 kg BOD/ m3. , 0,010 m3 /m3 80 kg BOD/m3. . 0,053 m3/m375kg BOD/ m
3 .
.: 0,02 m
3/m310,8 kg BOD/m3
. 0,024 m
3/ m3 18 kg BOD/
m3.
0,02 m3/ m38,3 kg BOD/m3
. 0,013 m
3/ m3 4,6 kg BOD/
m3.
. 0,5-1 % . 0,6 % .. :
, 0,005 m3
/ 0,15-0,20 kg BOD/m3
, 0,03 m3/ 0,25-0,30 kg BOD/m3
, 0,03 m3/ 0,3 kg BOD/m3
, 0,03 m3 / 5,4 kg BOD/m3.
, . 65 C . 0,0315 m3/ / m3 0,025 kg BOD/m3
pH 9 0,09 g / / m3.6bar (, ). 1,2 m3 / 0,025 kg BOD/m3.
, , , , ,.,
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
75/139
. , ... 74
. . , / (lagoons). .
( 3 - 5 % . ( ) 30-40 % ~12 % . , .,
. , , . (, ...). - . , .
7.14
( , ,, , ). . (7.14.1) . () , . . . . , , . , . , (wort). 15 60 , 65C,
76 C, . . , , , ., (). , 1Plato . . ( ) . (11.5 kg 100 kg ), . . (wort) 75 78 C90 min , , . , ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
76/139
. , ... 75
. . , .
7.14.1.
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
77/139
. , ... 76
, , whirlpool, . 7-10 C ( ) . 2 16 . ,
. , , , . . . CO2 . CO2, . CO2. , . 8 10 , () . 0 -2 C 1 - 4 , CO2 ,
0,4 % CO2. . , . , , . , , . . , 1 1.5 C. . PVPP. (). .
, , . . , . . . . . . . , ( ). , CO2. , . 60 C . 70 C 2 , . ,. , , , , , (pH 5 - 5.4) . .
(, 9 m3 ) (65 70 %). : 20 %, 44,6 %, 10,8 %, 24,6 %.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
78/139
. , ... 77
VOCs, CO2, 2 SO2. H CO2 . VOC . .
1000 kg 0,8 kg TSP 0,25 kg VOC. ,.
( 60 %) (25 %). (BOD5TSS) (59 %) (28%). 30 40 C pH . . 5 m3 / m3
3 5 m3
. , , , , , , , .. 2 6 % , BOD5, 45 % . . , , : , ,
, , ,
, , ,
,
. 1 - 5 % . . . (BOD COD). (0,5 %) .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
79/139
. , ... 78
. , . , .
(, ..),
, , , (, , ..), (, ,..) . 100 kg 1000 kg . (14 kg/100 lt 80%) . 2-4 kg (10-15 % ) 100 lt , BOD5 120.000-140.000 mg/l. ( ). 40 % . 20 % .. ,
, , . 0,2-0,4 % 15-20 %. . BOD5 110.000 mg/kg . .
7.15
. .
, . (FeSO4 .7H2O), (NaOCl) (Ca(OH)2). . (). (,CO2) . , CO2, , , . . - . , 2 % 70 C.
. . , .
, .
, ()
500.000mg/l BOD5.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
80/139
. , ... 79
. (), , , , . (10 %
). . , , . . . . (pH, ,, ) , , (..
, , ). , (3) (UV).
7.15.1.
BOD5(mg/l) SS (mg/l) pH
- 42.000 56.860 2,95
Coca Cola 60.000 80.000 114.900 2,4
Pepsi Cola 79.500 122.000 2,5
25.000 66.860 4,10 65.000 138.950 3,15
200.000 - 2,5
170.000 - 2,4
7.15.2.
(m3/tn) 4,30 12,80 7,10
BOD5(kg/tn) 2,15 4,33 2,50
SS (kg/tn) 0,73 4,33 1,90(kg/mtn) - - 3,70
(). 5 % . 0.3 % . O , . . .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
81/139
. , ... 80
8.
8.1
() ( ), , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , . , , , , . (8.1.1).
8.1.1.
, , ,, , , ... , (.. ) (8.1.2).
,, , , , , ... , .
, , . . ( ) (, , ,). . ( ) , ., (, , ) () , . p . . ( ,
). .
1
2
3
4
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
82/139
. , ... 81
8.1.2.
8.1.3.
( 8.1.3) , , . , (, , ), , . .
, ,
. , , , , , ,
-
-
(, , ...)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
83/139
. , ... 82
, . . . , / .
(8.1.4)
, . , , . (, , ) . ( ) .
. . , (, ..., ). , , . , . , (.., ...) , .
8.1.4.
8.2
8.2.1. ,
.
, , , ...
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
84/139
. , ... 83
8.2.1.
. () Cu Fe. , . , ., ... . ,, , . . 80 85 C , . ,C . . , , .H . 95 97 C 8-10 sec . . ,
, . .
CO2
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
85/139
. , ... 84
, . .(, ...) .
. , , () (CO2) . .
8.3
. (),
(.. , , ,), (.. , , ). , , . , ., 2,5- 9 m
3/ tn , ,
5 - 15 m3/ tn (11,5 m3/tn ).
.
8.3.1.
(m3) (%)
1,47 17
0,183 2
0,455 5
0,274 3
3,6 37
0,275 3
8.4
, . , , , (1 tn / 500 tn ).
8.5 ()
. , , , , , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
86/139
. , ... 85
, . . .
, 8.5.1.
8.5.1.
, , . (, SO2, NOx, HC, CO) , . .
,
, . () () .
, . .
(,).
, , ().
, / . (H2S) , . .
(, ...), .
, , . . 8.5.2 , . BOD5 . COD
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
87/139
. , ... 86
. 60 % BOD 70 % COD. , , , . , .
. .
( - ), pH, , BOD5, , (lagoons) , ( ) ., , , .
(, , ). , , .
8.5.2.
BOD5 (mg/l) SS (mg/l)
7.000 1.600
200-1.000 200-400
250 70
700-2.100 200-600
1.700-5.500 300-600
1.200-2.800 450-750
1300 80
500-3.000 1.800
75-850 50-240
() 400-4.700 270-400
180-4.000 140-2.000
200-2.900 1.000-1.200
1.500-5.600 400-2.500
300-750 100-600
15-100 30-180
1.600-7.600 750-2.200
150-600 60-150
: , , 1997
, . (, , ...) ( , , , , )
. (.. ) , 30 % ..
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
88/139
. , ... 87
. ( , ) (.. ). , .
, , . .
8.5.1.
1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. ( ), 6. (), 7. , 8. (, , ).
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
89/139
. , ... 88
9.
9.1 -
- , . ,
, , , , . (rayon), (acetate, tri-acetate), (nylon), . , .
, , . .
9.1.1.
(.. )
, , ,
(-, -, -, -), -, -, ,, , , (reactive), ..
,
., , , ,, , , , , ..
, , , . , , , . .
. , , , , -, , --, , , , . . , , , .
, , ., , , , , , , , ...,
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
90/139
. , ... 89
9.2
, - . ,
, ., , - , , , . - , , , ... - , , , .
9.3
. . () , , . . , , . -. , , . .
. , , , . direct, (reactive), (vat) , . . , (), , , , , ... , , , , ,, , . ,
, , , , ...
9.4
, () , . . ,
, , reactive .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
91/139
. , ... 90
.
(. 9.2.1, . 9.3.1, . 9.4.1, . 9.4.2,) , , , .
9.2.1.
()
NaOCl, H2O2, NaOCl2
(direct, reactive, vat)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
92/139
. , ... 91
9.3.1.
()
&
NaOCl, H2O2, NaOCl2
NaOH
direct & Na2SO4reactive & NaOH Na2CO3Na3PO4vat & NaOH Na2S2O4& Na2S & Na2SO4& NaCl
-
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
93/139
. , ... 92
9.4.1.
H2SO4
(Na2CO3)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
94/139
. , ... 93
9.4.2.
-
NaOCl, H2O2, NaOCl2
& H2SO4& Na2SO4& H2SO4& H2SO4& K2Cr2O7reactive ()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
95/139
. , ... 94
9.5
9.5.1 9.5.2. ( , ,, ), .
, () (NaOCl2). . .
9.5.1. ()
9.6
- (VOCs) ( , , , , ), H2S ( ), (
50 - 100o
C, , , , ), (NaOCl2) ( ), (), ( ) .
9.6.1.
Relaxion
&
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
96/139
. , ... 95
9.5.2. ()
NaOCl2
, latex
-
Na3PO4
-Carrier
Nylon ()CH3COOH HCOOH
()
(NH4)2SO4+ HCOOH + + + Carrier
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
97/139
. , ... 96
9.6.1. -
-
(,, ...)
. , ,,,.
. .
, , .
(VOCs) (.. ).
, ,...
,
H2S
(VOCs)
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
98/139
. , ... 97
9.7 -
- . .
.
- , SS pH. , , 9.7.1.
(17 135 m3/tn ), (BOD5 : 15 - 100 mg/l), (100 - 10.000 mg/l) pH .
, . , (BOD5 : 200 - 5.200mg/l 50 g/kg 14 g/kg , COD : 3.500 - 23.000 mg/l 92g/kg, TS : 400 4.000 mg/l 89 g/kg 5 g/kg , pH : 6 8, 2,5 21 m
3/tn ).
9.7.1.-
BOD5(mg/l)
BOD5(g/kg)
COD(g/kg)
(mg/l)
pH (m
3/tn)
100 - 2.900 23 94 2.200 - 17.400 10 13 2,5 43
1.000 - 10.000 47 113 1.000 - 30.000 9 11 46 100
Rayon 2.800 14 86 3.300 8 9 17 33
Acetate 2.000 - - 2.000 9 10 25 83
Nylon 1.300 - - 1.800 10 11 50 67
2.100 14 86 1.800 9 10 50 67
500 - 800 14 86 600 - 1.400 8 10 25 42
: Environmental Assessment of the Canadian Textile Industry, 1989 Environmental Assessment of Textiles,Danish EPA, 1997
., pH . BOD5: 45 - 65 mg/l, TS: 300 18.000mg/l, pH: 5 - 9,5, 23 95 m3/tn .
, , , . 10 - 80 mg/l 0,3 g/kg . 9.7.2.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
99/139
. , ... 98
. , , ,.
9.7.1.
, , , , . . 9.7.3 . , pH . , (~50 - 250 mg/l Cr) .
9.7.2.
BOD
(mg/l)
BOD
(g/kg)
COD
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
pH
(m
3
/tn)
100-1.700 5-15 3.500-13.500 800-15.000 8-12 2,5-125
400 1,5 - 900 6 2,5-25
Acetate 700 2 - 800-1.000 7-9 33,5-50
: Environmental Assessment of the Canadian Textile Industry, 1989
, , , ...BOD: 600 - 1800 mg/l 55 g/kg,
COD: 50 g/kg,
: 1 200 3 600 mg/l
pH: 4,5 - 8,
30 - 50 m3/tn .
( )
2.
1.
5.
6.
7.
8.
3.
4.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
100/139
. , ... 99
, , . ( : BOD: 20 500 mg/l, : 40 1.700 mg/l pH: 6 - 8 : BOD: 2
80 kg/tn, : 3 - 100 kg/tn). 9.7.4.
9.7.3.
BOD(mg/l)
BOD(g/kg)
(mg/l)
pH (m
3/tn
)
(kg/tn)
60-10.000 2-80 10-800 1 12 8,5-300 35
400-3.000 9-34 2.00010.000
5 8 16,7-25 -
Rayon 2.800 2-50 3.500 8 9 16,7-33,5 -
Acetate 2.000 5-100 2.000 9 10 33,5-50 30-200
Nylon 400 600 8 9 16,7-33,5 20-35
200-2.000 2-50 800-2.000 1 4 16,7-33,5 6-9
500-27.000
30-600 300-3.000 6- 9 16,7-33,5 30-200
: Environmental Assessment of the Canadian Textile Industry, 1989, Textile Effluents, EEC Guide, 1980
9.7.4. ()
BOD
mg/l kg/tn mg/l kg/tn m3/tn
Rayon 1.500-5000 20 250-25.000 3-100 4-12
Acetate 1.600-10.000 40 100-4.000 3-100 25-40
Nylon 200-300 10 60-3.300 3-100 30-50
1.100-1.500 60 55-1.500 3-100 40-55
80-600 2-80 120-1.000 3-100 10-25
: Textile Effluents, EEC Guide, 1980.
9.8
- . , . , . (, , ,, , , ) - . (As) (Cr,Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni Hg) . , , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
101/139
. , ... 100
, , . , .
. , .
SS 95 %, BOD 35 % : , d>2
mm, . .
- , , pH . t>18 h ,
>12W/m3
.
. (S.S.) (D.S.)
t>3 min . 20 W/m3. . (FeSO4 .7H2O), (Al2(SO4)3 .18H2O), (FeCl3 .6H2O) (Ca(OH)2) . . .
, t
>12 min, 12 W/m3
.
. 0,85 m3/m2.h. . d0,3 h, d0,6 Nm3/m3.h. . d
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
102/139
. , ... 101
. d0,8 KgMLSS/kgBOD5, d 107/100 ml). SS>450 kg/m3. (, , ), , , 20 . .
,
, : .
. (3) (22). ( , , ...),
., .
9.8.1 . 9.8.1.
9.8.1.
, - ,, ,
.
..
BOD592%, COD 85%, SS 90%,90%.
()
,
.VOC .,
.
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
103/139
. , ... 102
9.8.1.
9.9 -
- . , , , .
.
-
()
()
(
3
2
2UV)
-
(322)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
104/139
. , ... 103
, , - , , . - , , ,
() .
- , . - , . ( ), (, ), (, ().
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
105/139
. , ... 104
10.
10.1
.
(), ( ), (), ( ), ().
, 12 40 kg, . () , , .
10.2
10.2.1.
10.2.1.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
106/139
. , ... 105
10.3
H (10.3.1). ((, , ) ), (
, , , ) ().
10.3.1.
.
, (, , ..). , , , , .
&
&
, ,, , , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
107/139
. , ... 106
, , , , , , .A()H () ().
.- -, . . ' (H2SO4) (HCOOH) .K' . , "wet-blue" ().
, , 24 ,.A- () (wet-blue). (). , , , . , (), .
() , ().
pH . H . .MH , , , ... , , .
B , . . , , . , , , .H , . 10 16 . , , ,
. .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
108/139
. , ... 107
(), , /, , , ( ). , ,
, . , , , . , .
10.4
(10.4.1) . . . , . ( )
. ( ). , , (Na2SO3), . . ((NH4)2SO4), . H , . , , , . . (NaCl) (H2SO4). H . .
, . - - (NaHCO3) . H , . (HCOONa), (NaHCO3) . , --. H . 1 - 2 . . . , (NaCl), (H2SO4)
(HCOOH) . (Cr2(SO4)3) . H 4 - 6 , . . . (, , , ), ( ), ( -) .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
109/139
. , ... 108
10.4.1.
-
NaClH2SO4NaHCO3HCOONa
--
(NH4)2SO4
Na2SO3
NaClH2SO4
HCOOH
Cr2(SO4)3NaHCO3
3
&
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
110/139
. , ... 109
10.5
, .
10.6
, , . :
.
.
H .
H , .
H , .
, , :() , . , .H . , . H .M- . H , , .A, , . 1 , . .- , (NaHSO3) . 90 , , . , , .A- . H .E, (250 % , 30 C), (Ca(OH)2) . , . H , .A- ((NH4)2SO4), (NH4Cl), (HCl).
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
111/139
. , ... 110
, . .- , (NaCl), , , (HCOOH) (H2SO4). , (Cr2(SO4)3),
. H (NaHCO3).& . : , : (HCOONa),
. H , , HCOONa, NaHCO3 .
, E: , (Cr2(SO4)3), ..
(Na2CO3). H 2 .
M, , & H , . , , , 1 . H , . H 1 . H .- H . .
. .
10.7
, , / , / / ,. (), , .- , ,
(Ca(OH)2), , . , ,((NH4)2SO4) , ., - .
, , . , , ( ). ,
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
112/139
. , ... 111
, -. , , . H , ,
.
, , . O , pH . ( ), , , . -, .
H () , . .
, , , . H , .H , (MgSO4), , . , .
H , . , , . , , , .
- . , .
10.8
, . H . , , (, ), (.. , ...) . 10.8.1 .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
113/139
. , ... 112
10.8.1.
(m3/tn )
7-25 20-26
1-3 1
4-8 13
0-1 0-1
12-37 34-41
23-49 26,5
2-5 2,5
5-10 9
2-5 3,5
32-69 41,5
65-150 33,5
30-70 13
15-35 18
0-10 2-10
110-265 66-74
()
220 -
40 -
100 -
-
360 -
: IUE COMMISSION, , 1997
, , , ( 4.8.2). . 75 % , . , ( ) .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
114/139
. , ... 113
10.8.2.
0 - 1 m3/tn
()
7 m3/tn (...)
10 m3/tn
()
,
0,5 m3/1000 m
2
1m3/1000 m2
0 - 10 lt/.
5 lt/m2,
3,5 m3/tn 2,5
lt/ 10 lt/m2, 7 m3/tn
, 5 lt/
, 2,25 m3/tn 1,5lt/
,
4,5 m3/tn
0 - 1 m3/tn
5 lt/m2,
7,2 m3/tn 3,6
lt/
10 lt/m2, 15 m3/tn
, 2,5 m3/tn
,
5 m3/tn
2 - 5 m3/tn
0,5 lt/m2
1 lt/m2, 2,2m
3/tn
, 5 m3
/tn
,
10 m3/tn
15 m3/tn(11 m
3/tn ,
)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
115/139
. , ... 114
10.9.
, , , , .
(H2S) .. . , pH 8,5 .
pH .
.
. ,600 - 700 mg/m3VOCs.
(HCHO) , (, , ). --- (HMMM), .
. ,
, .
, , . (5 mg/m3) . 2 mg/m3.
10.10
.
, , , . 10.10.1 . 10.10.2 . () , , , , , . O 5 % . 10.10.3,
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
116/139
. , ... 115
10.10.1.
(kg)
()(kg)
(kg)
Y 1.000 560 350 521 422 -
1.521 982 350
230 202 192
& 530 180 107
729 600 51
32 - -
1.521 982 350
: W. Frendrup, H. Faergermann, & S. Rydin, "Environmental Management In Tanneries - A PracticalHandbook", DTI, 1995
10.10.2.
(m3/tn) 45 90 85 50 40
BOD5(kg/tn) 90 67 120 113 128
COD (kg/tn) 220 204 360 325 309
SS (kg/tn) 140 200 365 180 150
(kg S2-/tn) 3.8 7.4 7.6 6.3 3.8
(kg Cr2O3/tn) 6.5 16 23.2 6.6 -(kg Cl-/tn) 163 240 215 180 102
2(kg/tn) 14 24 24 24 13.5
10.10.3.
SS (mg /lt) 500 - 1.000 700 - 1.200
BOD5(mg/lt) 1.500 - 2.500 1.500 - 2.500
pH 8 - 11 8 - 11
COD (mg/lt) 3.000 - 4.700 3.000 - 4.700
(S2-) (mg/lt) - 180 - 250
(mg/lt) 180 - 200 -
(m
3/tn )
20 - 40 40
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
117/139
. , ... 116
10.11
: ()
, , , (CO.TA.NCE.) (10.11.1)
10.11.1. & kg/tn
..
(1991)
..(1985)
..
1984/1988
. .
(1990)
CO.TA.NCE.(1991)
117 45 - 120 120
()
303 150 - 70-230 150
203 100 - - -
(Cr, )
191 110 86 115 115
94 - 91 100 99
(. ) 38 - 4 32 32
21 - 0.45 2 2
: , , , .
, . , , , ... , .120 150 g/kg 100 160 g/kg .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
118/139
. , ... 117
10.12
(VOCs) . , , ,
, : H , , .
H , , . .
H , . , , . , . .
. H ,
, , , . , , . , , . ' .
, , , , . , .
, , 5 mg/m3, . . , . , , (79 - 135 mg/m3) 5 mg/m3, .
, 2 mg/m3. , . .
. , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
119/139
. , ... 118
(H2S) () , :
.
, , , , , , .
, , , , , . .
, ventouri, , .
10.13
, , , - . , , . , . .
. .
, (S2-) , . , :
. (10.13.1). (10.13.2) , .
SS 95 %, BOD 35 % : (S2-)
1,5 mm. H 0,5 m/s 1,0 m/s . .
, . (, ) , t>0,5 h
>0,6 m3
/m
3
h. (S2-) . t>6 h, >0,75
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
120/139
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
121/139
. , ... 120
). , (Total bacteria >107/100 ml).
10.13.1.
()
-
(& )
()
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
122/139
. , ... 121
, , : .
.
(3) (22). ( , , ...), .
10.13.2.
()
(322 UV)
(,,)
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
123/139
. , ... 122
, , . O3/ H2O2UV / H2O2,Fe2+. (, , ),
d>350 kg/ SS m3
. ., 10.13.1.
10.13.1.
/
A
&
N-A
K. 95% - 95% 70% 50%
S.S. 98% 80% 98% 90% 98%
BOD5 95% 70% 95% 80% 50%
COD 85% 75% 85% 70% 45%
Cr3+
(III) 90 -100% 98% 90 -100% 90 -100% 90 -100%
(S2-) 100% 0% 100% 100% 100%
NH4+
50% - 90% 50% 50%
: L.Del Pezzo, G. De Simone, M. Tomaselli, G. Ummarino, "Proposta di un "modello" schematico perimpianti di depurazione di acque di scarico conciarie", SSIP, Numero Speciale, 170, 1980
10.14
. . . H . H . . . . . , , . . . .
."" . , (50 %),
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
124/139
. , ... 123
, 75 %. H ,. , , . H , , , , . ,
, , . , , .. . , ( , ) (Ca(OH)2). & . H , , , .
, .
10.14.1. (, )
, , , , -, , , , , , .
..(S2-) 99%.(Cr3+) 99%.BOD595%, COD 92%, SS 98%,NH390%, 90%.
()
, .(H2S)
.VOC ./ .
.....
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
125/139
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
126/139
. , ... 125
. , () , . .
11.1.1.
, ,
(l2O3 SiO2)
(gO2CaO) .
,
()
(Na2S2O4)
(NaOH)
(H2O2)
,
,
,
azometal complex
direct
(NaSiO3)
DTPA Fe H2O2
CMC (carboxymethyl
cellulose)
Calcon .
Latex
(CaCO3)
, .
11.3
/ . , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
127/139
. , ... 126
.
11.1.1.
(), . , , () , , . . , . , , ,, ..., , , (, , ...). , , ., 4 5 %,
. . ,, , . ,
1
2
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
128/139
. , ... 127
, , , . , . , . .
, , , , ., . , . , . , , 2 %, , . ..
, .
, . ,. .. . ( ) ( ). , .
, . , , ().
, , . . , .
, , . , . , .
, . .
, -, - , -
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
129/139
. , ... 128
. , , , , ... . ,
, , , . , , . , . - , , . , , , . , , , , , . , . , - ,
.
- - (. , . , . , . ,, ,
. . , , (). . . , , . , . , , .
, . , , pH. - , . , . . . , . . .
- -
, . .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
130/139
. , ... 129
, ( ). (, , , ...), . , (
, , ...) .3 - 5 , . , , . , , . , , ... - . , , , ,. - .
11.4
15 - 20 m3/tn , . 12,5 m3H2O/tn 13,5 m
3 H2O/tn . ,
6 - 11 m3 H2O/tn. - 9 15 m3 H2O/tn. , 7 - 9 m3/tn . , .
, 2 m3
/tn . , 5 - 6 m3/tn . , . . .
11.5
,. 2700 - 3000 kWh/ton .
. , . , . . , .
11.6
, 0,89.
(), ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
131/139
. , ... 130
. , , , , , ... , , , .
, , . . , . . ,CO2, , , , , , , , , ,CO2, , , , . , ()
. ., :10,5 kg BOD/tn 775 g BOD/m3, 26,7 kg COD/tn 1.980 g COD/m3, 17,8 kg SS/tn 1.312 g SS/m
3. (WHO),
, : BOD: 6,4 kg/tnSS: 6,4 kg/tn, ., , 11.6.1.
11.6.1.
SS(g/m
3)
COD(g/m
3)
BOD(g/m
3)
< 200 6.750-9.00027-36 kg/tn
-
< 200 2.600-3.50026-35 kg/tn
-
- 3.8003,5 kg /tn
1.9001,8 kg /tn
- 1.10020 kg /tn)
55010 kg /tn
11.7
, . (), ., , , , , , , , , ... . , ,
, . ,
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
132/139
. , ... 131
. ,, . - , 99 % .
, , , ,, , ... - , . - , - , , .
11.8
, , .
, . , ().
, , . , , (). , .
, 600 m. , , , . . () , , , ()., . ,- .
, . . . , 15 30 % . . . 2/3 . , , , , ., .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
133/139
. , ... 132
, SS, 90 95 %, , BOD, 25 % .
B
. . , , . , , . . 10 - 14 kWh/tn. 15 - 20 kWh/tn , .
. , 25 - 35 kWh/tn .
. . (, , ). . , . ,
, () . , , , .
, , , . .
. , (). , .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
134/139
. , ... 133
(: , : , : , : , :
)
44/87 ( 15/): , ,
.
. 2516/97 (159/): . . 2545/97 (254/): . . 2465/97 (28/): , ,
, . 15/.5242/248/98 ( 238/):
. 2516/97.
22308/78/98 (691/): ... , 4, .3, .2545/97.
. 2965/01 (270/): . . 2963/01 ( 268/):
() .
1180/81 ( 293/):
, , .
. 1650/86 (160/): . . 3010/02 ( 91/): .1650/1986 97/11/ 96/61/,
69269/5387/90 ( 678/): ,
(...), (...) , .1650/1986.
.. 15393//2332/02 ( 1022/): 3 .1650/1986 1 .3010/2002.
H.. 11014/703/104/03 ( 332/): (....) (...) 4 .1650/1986 ('160) 2 .3010/2002.
.. 37111/2021/03 ( 1391/): 2 5 .1650/86.
17327/724/03 ( 1087/): .
25535/3231/02: 2 ' ' . .. 15393/ 2332/2002 " ..." (1022/).
17/59862/1687/94: 69269/5387/90(678 /2-10-90).
. 1561/85 ( 148/): .
. 1515/85 ( 18/): .
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
135/139
. , ... 134
.. 11641/1942/02 ( 832/):
() .
10245/703/97 ( 311/): (VOC)
. 11535/93 ( 328/): , ,
76802/1033/96 (596/: 58751/2370/93 .
58751/2370/93 ( 264/): .
11294/93 ( 264/): , , .
10315/93 (369/):
. 40786/2143/1988 ( 341/):
47943/1988 ( 807/):
47942/1988 ( 807/): - .
82805/2224/93 ( 699/): .
8243/1113/91 (138/):
34/02 ( 125/): ,
, . 5/03 (58/): (2000-
2010) 3 (.3) .3017/2002 (117/). 25/88 ( 52/):
. 98 99/10.7.1987 .. 98/87 ( 135/) :
. 99/87 ( 135/):
. 11/97 (19/): . . 2052/92 ( 94//5-6-1992):
.
5673/400/97 (192):
. , .
1 221/65 ( 138/): , .. 1/17831/71 ( 986/) .. 4/1305/74(801/).
4859/726/01 ( 253/): 74/464/ 4 1976.
55648/2210/91 ( 323):
.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
136/139
. , ... 135
255/94 ( 123/): 12 ' .55648/2210/1991 .
90461/2193/94 (843/): 12 ' .55648/2210/1991 .
73/90 ( 90/): , 6 . 144/2.11.1987 .
144/87 ( 197/): .
26857/553/88 ( 196/): .
18186/271/88 ( 126/): .
45/2280/83 (720/): .
15519/83 ( 455/):
.
179182/656/79 ( 582/): ... .
. 743/77 ( 319/): .
.2939/01 ( 179/):
- () .
109/04 (75/): , 2000/53/.
116/04 ( 81/): , . .
82/04 (64/): 98012/2001/96 (- 40 ). , .
115/04 ( 80/): 73537/1438/95 ( - 781/) 19817/2000 ( 73537/1438/95 - 963 ). ,
. 117/04 ( 82/): ,
2002/95 2002/96).
50910/2727/03 ( 1909/): ..
114218/97 (1016/): .
19396/1546/97 (604/): . 72751/3054/85 ( 665/):
. 7589/731/00 ( 514/):
96/59/ 16
1996.
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
137/139
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
138/139
. , ... 137
: 6924/87 : 3019/87 : 4458/2004 &4456/2004 & 4457/2004 : 4138/03, 2725/01, 4610/99, 8133/01, 308/04, 6421/87 : 8440/96 : 8486/88
: 3014/85, 6718/86 : 3610/84 : 3371/85, 1899/04 : 7841/94, /1679/04 : 1413/81, 1472/81 : 4813/98, 4391/2004 : 26/3/90 : 96400/85 : 10794/85, 4124/89, 6310/85, 2014/86, 6352/86, 2673/91, 5891/94, 8319/94, 2117/00,
3841/03, 10965/89
-
7/25/2019 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2006
139/139
1. 75/442/15/7/75 2. 76/403/6/4/76
3. 78/176/20/2/78
4. American Public Health Association Standard methods for the examination of water andwastewater: American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. 15
thedition, 1981
5. , . ,1982
6. , . , 19827. , . ,
19838. K. Grasshoff, M. Erhardt, K. Kremling. Methods of Seawater Analysis, Second Revised and
Extended Edition, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 19839. 84/631/6/12/84 ..
10. 85/339/27/6/85
11. 85/469/22/7/85 84/631/..
12. 86/278/ 12/6/86
13. , . , 198614. , . , 199015. 91/271/21/5/91 16. Economopoulos A., Assessment of sources of air, water and land pollution, guide to rapid
source inventory techniques and their use in formulating environmental control strategies, WorldHealth Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993
17. & , PETRA II, Action BusinessCenter Ltd, 1994)
18. 96/61/ 24/9/96 (Integrated Prevention Pollution Control, IPPC
19.