1

PROJECT REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL

CONVENTION CENTRE, PATNA

SUBMITTED BY – ADITYA DIVYADARSHI

1311022

2

PREFACE

This report documents the work done during the summer internship at International convention centre, Gandhi Maidan, Patna under the supervision of Senior engineer Abhisek Priyadarshi. The report first shall give an overview of the tasks completed during the period of internship with technical details. Then the results obtained shall be discussed and analysed. Report shall also elaborate on the future works which can be persuaded as an advancement of the current work. I have tried my best to keep report simple yet technically correct. I hope I succeed in my attempt. Aditya Divyadarshi

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Simply put, I could not have done this work without the lots of help I received cheerfully from whole Ahluwalia Contracts (India) limited. The work culture in ACIL really motivates. Everybody is such a friendly and cheerful companion here that work stress is never comes in way. I would specially like to thank Prashant Ishwar Sir for proving the nice ideas to work upon. I am also highly indebted to my supervisors Nihit Sir, Vinit Sir, Avinash sir, who seemed to have solutions to all my problems. I would also like to thank Anil Sir, Safety Manager for guiding me during my training.

4

STUDY AREA: The Patna International Convention Centre located at North Gandhi Maidan Marg, Patna, Bihar with an estimated budget of Rs. 490 crore. The capacity of main auditorium is around 5000 .The centre is also having several halls of different capacity, banquet hall & service area. Project:- International Convention Centre Client:- The Executive Engineer, Construction no. -1, Building Construction Dept. ,

Vishvesariya Bhawan , Bailey Road , Patna – 800015 Location:- Patna Area:- 70,000 m2 Project Highlights:- Convention Hall(B+G+3) Main hall with 5000 seating capacity ,

Gyan Bhawan, Multipurpose hall, Plenary Hall, Modular meeting Rooms with Basement Parking , Sabhyta Park with Sabhyta Dwar & food plaza etc.

Architect - DDF Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Contractor – Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited

5

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Classification of buildings based on occupancy 3. Survey of the site proposed 4. Assembly building 5. Salient features of public building 6. Foundation 7. Reinforcement Bar 8. Formwork 9. Scaffolding 10. Concreting 11. Damp proofing 12. Brick masonry 13. Plastering 14. Vacuum dewatered flooring 15. Foam concrete 16. Structural steel work 17. QA/QC lab 18. Constructional equipment 19. General safety programmes for construction 20. Learning outcome 21. Plan 22. Bibliography

6

Introduction

Patna International Convention Centre is the ambitious project of the state government to build a multipurpose convention centre to be used for cultural, recreational, business and other activities. It will come up in the northern side of the Gandhi Maidan in an area of 11.82 acres. The Rs. 490 Crore project will have several building in the convention complex. It will include Convention Centre cum Gyan Bhawan, Auditorium, Food Court, an Entertainment corner, VIP lounge, and an architecturally designed gate named as Sabhyata Dwar (Gate of Civilization). The complex will have two parts, linked with a subway. The foundation stone of the Convention Centre was laid by CM Nitish Kumar in February 2014. The capacity of the auditorium will be around 5000. The centrally air conditioned auditorium will be the biggest in the state. Till now, S K Memorial Hall had the capacity to hold 1500 persons. In the Gyan Bhawan, a big meeting hall of 800 capacity will be built along with several other meeting halls of different capacities. It will have four floors including basement where 450 vehicles can be parked. The height of the building will be 35 meters. It will be an earthquake resistant and a green building. It will be a iconic building in which 21600 MT(Metric Tonne) of steel will be used. The Sabhyata Dwar will symbolize two thousand years history of this region. It will symbolize the heritage and civilization of ancient, medieval and modern Bihar. It will come up near the bank of river Ganges. The Dwar will give "unparalleled cultural delight" to people, as CM Nitish Kumar had said in 2012. The food court will come up near to it. The need for such centre was felt during the Global Bihar Summit in 2012 when S K Memorial Hall was found to be inadequate for holding such global summit. The site for the convention centre was finally decided to be in the north to Gandhi Maidan, because of its proximity and centrality in the city. Building Construction Department (BCD) of the state government is the executing agency. The project report has been prepared by DDF Consultant Pvt. Ltd, a Delhi based consulting company.

7

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY

GROUP-A RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-B EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-C INSTITUTIONAL BULIDINGS

GROUP-D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS

GROUP-E BUSINESS BUILDINGS

GROUP-F MERCANTILE BUILDINGS

GROUP-G INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

GROUP-H STORAGE BUILDINGS

GROUP-I HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS

8

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: These building include any building in which sleeping accommodation provide for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking and dining facilities. It includes single or multifamily dwellings, apartment houses, lodgings or rooming houses, restaurants, hostels, dormitories and residential hostels. EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS: These include any building used for school, college or day-care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation and which is not covered by assembly buildings.

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS: These buildings are used for different purposes, such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness, diseases or infirmity, care of infants, convalescents or aged persons and for penal detention in which the liberty of the inmates is restricted. Institutional buildings ordinarily provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants.

ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS: These are the buildings where groups of people meet or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, assembly halls, city halls, marriage halls, exhibition halls, museums, places of work ship, etc. BUSINESS BUILDINGS: These buildings are used for transaction of business, for keeping of accounts and records and for similar purposes, offices, banks, professional establishments, courts houses, libraries. The principal function of these buildings is transaction of public business and keeping of books and records. MERCANTILE BUILDINGS: These buildings are used as shops, stores, market, for display on sale of merchandise either wholesale or retail, office, shops & storage service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building.

9

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS: These are buildings where products or materials of all kinds and properties are fabricated, assembled, manufactured or processed, as assembly plant, laboratories, dry cleaning plants, power plants, pumping stations, smoke houses, laundries etc.

STORAGE BUILDINGS: These buildings are used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or merchandise vehicles and animals, as warehouses, cold storage, garages, trucks.

HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS: These buildings are used for the storage, handling, manufacture or processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidly and/or which may produce poisonous elements for storage handling, acids or other liquids or chemicals producing flames, fumes and explosive, poisonous, irritant or corrosive gases processing of any material producing explosive mixtures of dust which result in the division of matter into fine particles subjected to spontaneous ignition.

10

SURVEY OF THE SITE FOR PROPOSED BUILDING

Reconnaissance survey: The following has been observed during reconnaissance survey of the site.

• The site is very clear planned without ably dry grass and other throne plats over the entire area.

• Levelling is required since the land is not uniformly levelled. • The ground is soft. • Labour available near by the site. • Houses are located near by the site. • Detailed survey: The detailed survey has been done to determine the boundaries of the

required areas of the site with the help of Total Station.

11

ASSEMBLY BUILDING These include any buildings or part of a building. Where groups of people congregate or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic, civil, travel & similar purposes for example , theatres, motion picture house, assembly halls, auditorium , exhibition halls, museums etc. Subdivision D-1. This subdivision includes any building primarily meant for

theatrical or operatic performance & exhibitions and which has a raised stage, proscenium curtain, fixed or portable scenery, mechanical appliances and equipment & which is provided with fixed seats for over 1000 persons.

Subdivision D-2. This subdivision includes any buildings primarily meant for use as described for subdivision D-1, but with fixed seats up to 1000 persons.

Subdivision D-3. This subdivision includes any building, its lobbies, rooms &

other spaces connected there to, primarily intended for assembly of people, but which has no theatrical stage or theatrical &/or cinematographic accessories & has accommodation for 300 persons or more for example, dance halls, night clubs, halls for incidental picture shows, dramatic, theatrical or educational presentation, lectures or similar purposes.

Subdivision D-4. This subdivision includes any building, primarily intended for use as described in Subdivision D-3, but with accommodation for less than 300 persons with no permanent seating arrangement.

Subdivision D-5. This subdivision includes any building or structure permanent or temporary meant for assembly of people not covered by Subdivision D-1 to D-4, for example, grandstands, stadia amusement park structures, reviewing stands and circus tents.

Subdivision D-6. This includes any building for assembly of people provided with multiple services/facilities like shopping, cinema theatres and restaurants, for example, multiplexes.

Subdivision D-7. Any buildings or structure permanent or temporary meant for assembly of people not covered by D-1 to D-6, for example, underground or elevated railways.

12

Salient features of public halls:- Nomenclature of building Salient features Requirement

1. Public Halls

Seating capacity

Approximately 0.6sqm per person including passages with 10% variation and 0.45sqm per person excluding passage.

Height Minimum 6m

Cubical Capacity 4cu.m per person with 10% variation

Arrangement of seats Staggered

Minimum headway under landing 2.1m

Gradient 1 in 20

Distance between back of two successive seats

Clear distance between seats

0.9m

35 cm

Gangway

Level of stage

Minimum width 1.2m with 2.1m headway under landing. Shall not be more than 6m apart.

0.9 to 1.2 m from floor level

Access to Gallery

By means of 1.5m wide stairs on each side. Rise to be 150 mm and tread not more than 300mm.

13

FOUNDATION S.no Site conditions Choice of Pile Remarks

1. Coarse Sand or Gravel Driven precast or cast in situ piles

Develops point bearing and

frictional resistance.

2. Firm Stratum with soft material below

Provide enlarged base for the piles with piles spaced sufficiently apart

Bearing capacity will be improved

3. Fine sand and silt (saturated) Driven cast in situ piles -

4. Expansive soils and poor soils of shallow depths overlying firm soil

strata Short bored piles

with enlarged base Base shall rest upon

stable zone

Type of Foundation used at site:- Pile Foundation

Dimensions of Pile

Naming Diameter (mm) Length (m) P1 600 15 P2 750 15 P3 750 19 P4 750 25 P5 750 30 P6 1000 15 P7 1000 19 P8 1000 20 P9 1000 30

P10 1000 30 Gyan Bhawan has pile all types of piles as mentioned above.

ICC has 3 types of pile (P1- P3).

14

Requirement of concrete piles

S.no Particulars Requirements Remarks 1. Minimum cement content

for driven cast in situ piles 3000N/m3 of concrete When concreting under water

10% additional cement shall be used.

2. Slump(mm) Minimum 100 , Maximum 180 - 3. Group Piling

1) Bearing Capacity 2) Reinforcement 3) Pile Cap

Clear overhang Clear cover

Bearing capacity of single pile times the no. of piles. Longitudinal reinforcement of the pile shaft not be less than 0.4 %. 100 to 150 mm Not less than 60 mm.

The cap is generally cast over a 75 mm thick levelling course of concrete.

Grade of concrete used in pile – M35

Reinforcement Bar

The bar used at the site was Fe 500 D steel bar with diameter varying from 8-32mm. The bars were bend as per BBS provided to the bar bender. Chemical properties:

Grade C S P Mn Si Fe 500D 0.25 0.045 0.045 0.075 0.3

Mechanical Properties:

Yield stress (N/mm2 ) 500 Tensile Strength 565 Elongation 16

15

FORMWORK There are various types of forms depending upon the types of construction. Some of these were used at the site: 1. Column footing form a) Square or rectangular: The ends are built to the exact dimensions of the footing with a cleat at the end of the footing from outside. 2. Wall forms: The wall form consists of timber sheeting supported by vertical studs and horizontal wailers. Steel formwork: The use of steel formwork is increasing in modern buildings construction. Wherever the work is large, these forms are economical and poses the advantages. Light panels are made up sheet metal with angle stiffeners fastened together by clamps, wedges, etc. Thickness of Deck sheet used: 1.2mm Thickness of ply used: 12mm

16

Formwork in retaining walls

SCAFFOLDING These are temporary erections constructed to support a no. of platforms at different height raised for the convenience of workers so as to enable them to work easily and raise the needed materials. Steel centering and scaffolding:- Tubular steel scaffolding is being extensively used in place of timber scaffolding for temporary staging and also for posts and bracings as centering to support heavier loads. Advantages: 1. Adaptability: Tubes of one size and three or four standard fittings can be used to support

vertical loads of all types. 2. Availability: Large stocks of steel centering can be obtained easily while it may be difficult to

procure timber in large stocks. 3. Strength: Their strength is constant while that of timber varies on account of flaws etc. 4. Resistance to fire: These are not liable to damage by fire.

17

CONCRETING

The grade of concrete used at the site was M25 & M35. Grade of concrete Used in M25 Above plinth level & in slabs M35 Below plinth level / Pile cap /Pedestal / Food

court Column etc.

DAMP PREVENTION Dampness is the presence of hygroscopic moisture. It leads to unhygienic conditions affecting badly the health and comfort of the inhabitants and seriously deteriorating the stability of the buildings. Prevention of Dampness:- There are various methods of preventing dampness. Different types of materials are used for reducing the occurrence of dampness. The method of damp prevention may be classified as under:

Use of water proofing mixtures or integral treatment. Application of water proof surface treatment. Interposing a water proof membrane. Use of special constructional devices. Water Proofing Mixture used at site: Stone used for water proofing: KOTA stone (Box type water proofing) Water Proof Membrane: Bituminous Mastic

18

Brick Masonry

English Bond:- This bond is produced by laying alternate courses wholly composed of headers or stretchers. For breaking the joints vertically, it is essential to place queen closer after the header quoin in the heading course. The following points about the English Bond should be remembered: • A heading course should never start with a queen closer as it would get displaced. • There is no continuous vertical joint except at stopped ends. • Walls of even member of half bricks in thickness present the same appearance on the both faces. • The middle portion of each of the thicker walls consists entirely of headers. Header Bond:- This consists of all headers i.e., bricks are laid with their ends towards the face of the wall. This is used for walls which are one brick thick and is especially useful for curved brickwork where cutting of stretchers would entail lot of inconvenience. Brick masonry used at site was English bond and header bond.

19

Plastering Plastering is the method of covering various components of a building with plastic material to form a durable surface. Plasters usually consist of a binding material, fine aggregates and water. Ratio Location 1:6 Internal & external plaster 1:4 Ceiling plaster

Vacuum dewatered flooring (VDF) Procedure: In this system of VDF Flooring or Vacuum Dewatered Flooring, concrete is poured in place & vibrated with a poker vibrator especially to the sides of the panel for floor thickness more than 100mm. Then surface vibration is done using double beam screed vibrator running over the surface, supported on channel shuttering spaced 4.0 meters apart. The screed vibrator is run twice to achieve optimum compaction & levelling. The vibrated surface is then levelled using a straight edge. After this a system of lower mats & top mat is laid on the green concrete & this is attached to a vacuum pump. This draws out surplus water if any. The concrete is left to stiffen. When the base concrete has stiffened to the point when light foot traffic leaves an imprint of about 36 mm, Floor Hardener is applied at an even application rate of between 35Kg/m2. Any bleed water should now have evaporated, but the concrete should have a wet sheen. The concrete is then further compacted and levelled using Power Floater followed by finishing as per the requirement using Power Trowel. What are the Benefits of VDF Flooring? 1. Increased Compressive Strength 2. Increased Tensile Strength 3. Increased Abrasion Resistance 4. Minimum Shrinkage & Floor Wraps 5. Decreased Cement Consumption What are the Typical Application Areas of VDF Flooring? 1. Warehouses, Godowns 2. Roads, Sports Courts 3. Cellars, Parking Areas 4. Production Areas, 5. Pharmaceutical Companies 6. As the base floor for Epoxy & PU Floorings Location of VDF work in site:- Basement parking area

20

Foam Concrete Foam concrete, also known as foamed concrete, foamcrete, cellular lightweight concrete or reduced density concrete, is defined as a cement based slurry, with a minimum of 20% (per volume) foam entrained into the plastic mortar. As mostly no coarse aggregate is used for production of foam concrete the correct term would be called mortar instead of concrete. Sometimes it may be called as “Foamed Cement” or “Foam Cement” because of mixture of only Cement & Foam without any fine aggregate. The density of foam concrete usually varies from 400 kg/m³ to 1600 kg/ m³. The density is normally controlled by substituting fully or part of the fine aggregate with foam. Foam concreting work was done in sunken area (Toilets) Foaming agent used – Selifoam Quantity of foaming agent used – 600ml for 1m3 mix Structural Steel work Steel is used to a large extent in modern mutli storeyed buildings. Due to ease in erection and heavy loads which structural steel can take; it is commonly adopted for factory buildings. I section were used for beams. Structural Steel building is preferred for speed construction which takes nearly 40% of the time taken to construct RCC building. Total amount of structural steel used:- 21,600 Metric tons Steel beams were joined with columns by welding. I sections of long span were joint through double lap joint. Grade of High tensile bolt used:- 8.8 & 10.9 Type of welding:- 1. SAW (Submerged arc welding)

2. MIG welding 3. Shield Metal Arc welding

21

QA/QC Lab Various test are conducted in the lab to check the quality of the material used. 1. Compressive strength test a) PG-2/ Pile cap of food court : Grade: M35

S.no Age of Cube Weight (kg) Load(N) Compressive strength (N/mm2)

Average (N/mm2)

1. 7 days 8500 726 32.66 31.71

44.47

2. 7 days 8650 711 31.66 3. 7 days 8500 704 31.28 4. 28days 8650 1022 45.42 5. 28days 8700 987 43.87 6. 28days 8750 992 44.13

b) Ground floor slab: Grade: M25 S.no Age of Cube Weight (kg) Load(N) Compressive strength

(N/mm2) Average (N/mm2)

1. 7days 8550 509 22.62 22.73

35.05

2. 7days 8600 511 22.71 3. 7days 8500 515 22.88 4. 28days 8650 772 34.31 5. 28days 8550 802 35.64 6. 28days 8650 792 35.20

2. Sieve Analysis: a) Sand

Weight of the sand:- 1000g IS sieve (mm)

Weight retained (g)

%weight retained

∑weight (g)

% Passing Zone II Zone III 10 0 0 0 100 100 100

4.75 27 2.7 2.7 97.3 90-100 90-100 2.36 176 17.6 20.3 79.7 75-100 85-100 1.18 168 16.8 37.1 62.9 55-90 75-100 600µ 257 25.7 62.8 37.2 35-59 60-79 300µ 178 17.8 80.6 19.4 8-30 12-40 150µ 157 15.7 96.3 3.7 0-10 0-10

22

b. Aggregate: a) 20mm IS sieve (mm)

Weight retained (g)

% weight retained

∑weight (g)

%passing IS 383 limit

Remarks 40 0 0 0 100 100

OK

20 646 12.92 12.92 87.08 85-100 10 3856 77.12 90.04 9.96 0-20

4.75 290 5.80 95.84 4.16 0-5 b. 10mm

IS sieve (mm)

Weight retained (g)

% weight retained

∑weight (g)

%passing IS 383 limit

Remarks 12.5 0 0 0 100 100

OK

10 579 11.58 11.58 88.42 85-100 4.75 3546 70.92 88.50 17.50 0-20 2.36 622 12.44 94.94 5.06 0-5

CONSTRUCTIONAL EQUIPMENTS 1. Truck mounted rotatory 2. Direct mud circulation 3. Tractor 4. Hydraulic controlled bulldozer 5. Rigid Dump trucks 6. Cranes (Mobile Crane , Tower crane & gantry crane) 7. Rollers 8. Concrete pumps 9. Transit Mix 10. Punching Machine 11. Hole Cutting machine 12. CNC (Computer Numerical Machine) 13. Concrete Pumping Machine 14. Vacuum dewatering Machine etc.

23

General Safety programmes for construction Safety is hardly a procedure or a programme. It is a way of life, a state of mind, a force of habit and it must be part of each individual, in every activity, at all times and everywhere .

1. Secure the full support of the top management 2. Designate someone in the organization to direct safety programmes 3. Publicize your safety programme 4. Develop a safety programme to each job 5. Install a safety programme on a competitive basis 6. Indoctrinate new employees 7. Make safety practice effective 8. Promote good house keeping 9. Maintain adequate first aid facilities and other infrastructures 10. Seek assistance from insurance carrier

Learning outcome 1. ICC is the 1st steel structure in Bihar. 2. Cover:-

Name Required cover (mm) Footings 40 Columns 40

Slabs 25 Beams 30

Retaining walls 25 – For Earth face 20 – For other face

3. Stripping time or removal time of formwork:

Structural component Age (days) Footings 1

Side of beams, columns, lintels and walls 2 Slabs spanning less than 6m 14

Slabs spanning more than 6m 21 Slabs spanning less than 4m 7

Slabs spanning more than 4m 14 Flat bottom slab 21

4. Formula for calculating section weight :- As per IS 1786 D2/162 = Kgm-1 weight

24

5. Bleeding:- It is due to the rise of water in the mix to the surface because of the inability of the solid particles in the mix to hold all the mixing water during settling of particles under the effect of compaction .

6. Lux:- It is used to hold the brickwork in the steel structure . 7. Test conducted to check welding at site:

1. Weld Visual 2. Dye penetration test 3. Ultrasonic test 4. Radiography Test

8. Test conducted at site if cube fails to give required compressive strength: 1. Rebound Hammer test 2. Core cutter Test

9. Stacking of cement Bags as per IS 4082:1996 1. Maximum rise – 10 bags 2. Distance from walls – 600mm 3. Distance above floor – 150-200mm 4. Width – 3 metres or 4 bags length

10. 1/3rd of the strength of concrete may be lost by presence of 5% air voids. If 10% voids are there then strength is reduced by 50%.

11. Standard concrete Mix: Grade Nominal Mix Situation M10 1:3:6 Foundation and mass conc. M15 1:2:4 Normal & RCC M20 1:1.5:3 Water retaining structures M25 1:1:2 Long span arches M30 1:1:2 Pre stressed conc. Work

12. Stair:-

Type Maximum Public buildings Domestic buildings

25

Bibliography 1. Concise handbook of civil engineering by V.N. Vazinrani & S.P. Chandola 2. Construction Planning & Management by Dr. U.K. Shrivastava 3. A textbook of building construction by Dr. S.K. Sharma 4. IS 456 5. IS 4082 6. Wikipedia 7. Go4patna.com 8. Infrasol.