Industrial Symbiosis

IndustrialSymbiosis

in.dus.tri.al e.co.lo.gythe study of flows of materials and energy in industrial activities,and their impact on the environment


in.dus.tri.al e.co.sys.teman optimized consumption of energy and materials and the effluents of one process… serve as the raw material for another process


in.dus.tri.al e.co.sys.teman optimized consumption of energy and materials and the effluents of one process… serve as the raw material for another process

in.dus.tri.al sym.bi.o.sisplace-based exchanges among different entities that yield a collective benefit greater than the sum of individual benefits that could be achieved by acting alone

in..tri.al e.co.lo.the study of flows of materials and energy in industrial activities,and their impact on the environment

in..tri.al e.co.sys.teman optimized consumption of energy and materials and the effluents of one process… serve as the raw material for another process

in.dus.tri.al sym.bi.o.sisplace-based exchanges among different entities that yield a collective benefit greater than the sum of individual benefits that could be achieved by acting alone



in.dus.tri.al sym.bi.o.sisengages different traditionally unrelated industriesin physical exchanges of materials, energy, water and by-products that yield a collective benefit greater than the sum of individual benefits that could be achieved by acting alone

in..tri.al e.co.lo.the study of flows of,and their impact on the environment


in.dus.tri.al sym.bi.o.sisengages different traditionally unrelated industriesin physical exchanges of materials, energy, water and by-products that yield a collective benefit greater than the sum of individual benefits that could be achieved by acting alone



eco-industrial clusterseco-industrial park zero-emission park eco-industrial clusters



eco-industrial clusterseco-industrial park zero-emission park eco-industrial clusters

symbiosis need not occur within the strict boundaries of a park

Illustratingthe concepts

and issuesof industrial

symbiosis

ELEMENTS

EMBEDDED ENERGY AND MATERIALS

EMBEDDED ENERGY = SUM OF ‘HIDDEN’ RESOURCES TO MAKE PRODUCT POSSIBLE

EXAMPLES OF ‘HIDDEN’ RESOURCES: - RESOURCES USED IN THE EXTRACTION FROM RAW MATERIAL- PRIMARY / SECONDARY MANUFACTURING - TRANSPORTATION

REUSING BY-PRODUCTS ALLOWS THE EMBEDDED ENERGY CONSUMED TO GO FURTHER

EMBEDDED ENERGY LOST

EMBEDDED ENERGY PRESERVED

ELEMENTS

LIFE CYCLE PERSPECTIVE

VIRGIN MATERIAL

‘FINISHED’ MATERIAL

COMPONENT PRODUCT OBSOLETEPRODUCT

ULTIMATE DISPOSAL

TRACK THE TRANSFORMATION OF RESOURCES TO OPTIMIZE TOTAL MATERIALS CYCLE

ALLOWS FOR CONSIDERATION OF ENTIRE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AT EACH STAGE OF MANUFACTURING

ELEMENTS

CASCADING

FRESH / POTABLE WATER EXTRACTED

WATER USED TO WASH RICE AT PLANT

‘CLOUDY WATER’ USED TO IRRIGATE LAND

RESOURCE USED REPEATEDLY IN DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS

CHANGE IN THE GRADE OF THE RESOURCECASCADE ENDS WHEN RESOURCE IS DISCARDED ORREQUIRES ALOT OF ENERGY TO REINSTATE ITS VALUE

IMPACT:REDUCED USE OF VIRGIN RESOURCESREDUCED DEPOSITION OF WASTE INTO ENVIRONMENT

ELEMENTS

LOOP CLOSING

IMPACT:REDUCED USE OF VIRGIN RESOURCESREDUCED DEPOSITION OF WASTE INTO ENVIRONMENT

THE RETURN OF A MATERIAL TO A FORM SIMILAR TO ITS PREVIOUS FORM

BOTTLE CRUSHED INTO CULLETS, MELTED AND REMOULDED INTO A GLASS CONTAINER AGAIN

DIRECT WASH-OUT OF USED GLASS BOTTLES TO BE RE-USED

ISSUES

TRACKING MATERIAL FLOW

AUDITING THE TYPES AND AMOUNTS OF MATERIAL, WATER AND ENERGY FLOWS OF OPERATIONS

FIRMS ARE CLEARLY DEFINED BY THEIR RATE OF INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

THE AMOUNT OF FEEDSTOCKS AND BY-PRODUCTS MAY BE SOURCED FROM AND CIRCULATED WITHIN THE INDUSTRY LONGER RESPECTIVELY

SYNERGISTIC INDUSTRY WOULD BE CONSOLIDATING THE PROCESSES WITHIN THE INDUSTRY, ERGO USING LESS RESOURCES FROM THE PLANET AND PRODUCING LESS ‘ULTIMATE DISPOSAL’ WASTE

ISSUES

LIMITATIONS OF MATERIAL PROFILES

MODELLED FROM SOFTWARES DEVELOPED TO DETERMINE THE FLUX OF PROCESSES, IT OVEREMPHASIZES IDEALIZED CONDITIONS;

- LITTLE RECOGNITION OF TIME-CONSUMING PROCESSES THAT IS BUSINESS DEALINGS

- MOST INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENTIONALLY CREATED FOR REUSE

(MATCHING OUTPUTS TO FEEDSTOCK REQUIREMENTS SHOULD INCLUDE AN ANALYSIS OF THE GRADE OF THE ENTITIES)

ISSUES

STAKEHOLDER PROCESSES

PLAYERS GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENTALORGANIZATIONS

CHARETTE

SUCESSFUL INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS

INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS SHOULD BE TAILORED TO A CERTAIN COMMUNITY OF ADAPTED TO A CONTEXT (DEPENDING ON THE COOPERATIVE OF PLAYERS)

PROFITS REGULATIONS SUSTAINABILITY

Spatial scalesof industrial

symbiosis

Types of Spatial Scales

• Type 1: Through Waste Exchanges

• Type 2: Within Facility, Firm or Organization

• Type 3: Among Firms Colocated in a Defined Eco-Industrial Park

• Type 4: Among Local Firms that are NOT Colocated

• Type 5: Among Firms Organized Virtually across a Broader Region

Through Waste Exchange

Organization A

Organization C

A’s Waste

C’s waste

• Exchange done through trade by trade basis• Exchange of material more than water or energy

Organization B

B’s Need

A’s Need

Within a Facility, Firm, or Organization

• Materials exchange inside the boundaries of 1 large organization. • Gains by organization by upstream operation like purchasing and processing

department department

organization

materials

department department

Sugarrefinery

Sugar

Molasses

Bagasse

Filter sludgeSugarcane

Source: Zhu and Cˆot´e 2004, 1028.

The Guitang Group, beyond sugar refining in China

Sugarrefinery

Alcoholplant

Sugar Alcohol

MolassesAlcoholresidue

Bagasse




Sugarrefinery

Fertilizerplant

Alcoholplant

Sugar AlcoholCompound Fertilizer

Sugar canefarm


Bagasse




Sugarrefinery

Pulp plant

Papermill

Fertilizerplant

Alcoholplant

Sugar Alcohol

PaperPulp

Sugar canefarm


Bagasse

Wastewater

Black liquor


Compound Fertilizer



Sugarrefinery

Pulp plant

Papermill

Fertilizerplant

Alcoholplant

Sugar Alcohol

NaOH

Pulp

Sugar canefarm


Bagasse

Wastewater

NaOHrecovery

Black liquor


Compound Fertilizer

Paper



Sugarrefinery

Pulp plant

Papermill

Fertilizerplant

Alcoholplant

Sugar Alcohol

NaOH

Pulp

Sugar canefarm


Bagasse

Wastewater

NaOHrecovery

Black liquor

White sludge


Compound Fertilizer

Paper



Sugarrefinery

Pulp plant

Papermill

Cementmill

Fertilizerplant

Alcoholplant

Sugar Alcohol

Cement

NaOH

Pulp

Sugar canefarm


Bagasse

Wastewater

NaOHrecovery

Black liquor

White sludge


Compound Fertilizer

Paper



Among Firms Colocated in a Defined Eco-Industrial Park

• Share information and services other than energy, water and materials within the boundaries of the eco industrial park

• Common to involve other partners over the fence

Among Firms Colocated in a Defined Eco-Industrial Park

Eco

indu

stria

l par

k

<2miles

Kalunborg example where primary partners are roughly within a 2mile radius

Among Local Firms That are NOT Colocated

• Place based enterprises to reduce cost of moving and other critical variables

• More firms participating = larger by-product exchange

Among Firms organized Virtually across a Broader Region

Considering the life-cycle of a building

Industrialsymbiosisin the processof buildingconstruction

SYMBIOSIS STRATEGIES AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

WASTE INTO ENERGY.WASTE INTO RESOURCE.

WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION WASTE

NON HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE FROM CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION AND LANDCLEARING ACTIVITIES

SYMBIOSIS STRATEGIES AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION IS FED WITH FEEDSTOCK THAT IS ALMOST ALWAYS DERIVED FROM VIRGIN MATERIALS

SYMBIOSIS WOULD MEAN USING MATERIALS ‘EXISITING IN THE INDUSTRIES OUT THERE’ AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE AND PLANNING FOR ITS POSSIBLE AFTERLIFE IN ANOTHER INDUSTRY

SELECTING MATERIALS WITH AN UNDERSTANDING OF ITS- EMBEDDED ENERGY -METHOD OF MANUFACTURE (IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT)

BUILDING ELEMENT:INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION PANELS (COMPOSITE WOOD BOARDS)

KNOWING YOUR MATERIALS

EMBEDDED ENERGY &METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

AFTERLIFE

PARTICLE BOARD MADE FROM WASTE WOOD FROM SAWMILLS

HIGH DENSITY HARDBOARD (WOOD FIBREBOARD)

MANUFACTURE PROCESS REQUIRES A LOT OF ENERGY; BUT DURABLE AND HIGH STRENGTH TO MATERIAL RATIO

BOARD MADE FROM COMPRESSED NEWSPAPER REPLACING WOOD FIBREBOARD

WOOD FIBREBOARD IS MADE FROM NEW WOOD; BOARD MADE FROM COMPRESSED NEWSPAPER IS MADE ENTIRELY FROM POST-CONSUMER WASTE PAPER

GYPSUM SYNTHETIC GYPSUM & FIBRE GYPSUM – USES BY-PRODUCTS

RECYCLED GYPSUM MAY BE USED AS SOLID CONDITIONER. 90% OF GYPSUM MAY BEA RECOVERED FROM CONSTRUCTION SCRAP

CASE STUDY: LUCY’S HOUSE (SAMUEL MOCKBEE’S CARPET HOUSE)

THE CARPETCOLLECTED AS A ‘DISCARDED RESOURCE’ (SURPLUS CARPET TILES)REUSED UNCONVENTIONALLY;STACKED TO CREATE THE WALLS OF THE HOUSE

Symbiosiswith natureduring occupancy

Fab Tree HabLocal Biota Living Graft Structure

by Mitchell Joachim, Javier Arbona and Lara Greden (2003)

Fab Tree HabAn Edible Prefab Home for Humanity

primary structural growth stages: unfolding each 5 year period

by Mitchell Joachim, Javier Arbona and Lara Greden

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Fab Tree HabLife Sustaining Flow

Plan of Water Cycle: 1. Washer, 2. Tub, 3. Sink, 4.Toilet, 5. Living-Machine Link, 6. Garden, 7. Pond.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Hundertwasserhaus, Wien (1983)

In the manifesto “the sacred shit” hundertwasser wrote, “shit turns into earth which is put on the roof - it becomes lawn, forest, garden - shit becomes gold… the circle is closed, there is no more waste” (1975)

Case Study

Tripod: Plug and Play

Housing

Designing for Deconstruction

Design for Deconstruction

DfD

Specialized team to Design for Deconstruction

Construction/Occupancy

Deconstruction

Maintain, Repair, Renovate

Adaptive reuse

waste

industries

Energy/incineration

Nature landfill

Greenmark

Disassembly company

Net waste tool

reus

e

recy

cle

refining process

Understanding the true Life Cycle Analysis before designing

Case Study: Design for Deconstruction

Case Study:

Case Study: Connection details

Eb-Ty fasterner systemDouble bend clip

Case Study: Construction details

Future development

Industrial Symbiosis

Business

Transcript of Industrial Symbiosis