Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service,...

17
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 1 Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania [presenter] George Bekey, University of Southern California Yuan Zheng, Ohio State University World Technology Evaluation Center International Study of Robotics Research WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 2 Outline • Different categories of robots – Classification – Who is working on what? • Market analysis, trends • Technical challenges • International comparisons – Industry – Basic research • Future Challenges

Transcript of Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service,...

Page 1: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 1

Industrial Robots, Service Robots, andPersonal Robots

Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania [presenter]George Bekey, University of Southern California

Yuan Zheng, Ohio State University

World Technology Evaluation CenterInternational Study of Robotics Research

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 2

Outline

• Different categories of robots– Classification– Who is working on what?

• Market analysis, trends• Technical challenges• International comparisons

– Industry– Basic research

• Future Challenges

Page 2: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3

Industrial Robots, Service Robots andPersonal Robots

Industrial robotsAn industrial robot is an automaticallycontrolled, reprogrammable, multipurposemanipulator programmable in three or moreaxes which may be either fixed in place ormobile for use in industrial automationapplications (Robotic Industries Association)

Service robotsA robot which operates semi or fullyautonomously to perform services useful tothe well being of humans and equipment,excluding manufacturing operations(International Federation of Robotics)

Personal robotsService robots that educate, assist, orentertain at home: e.g., domestic robots,assistive robots (for people with disabilities)

Adept Flexfeeder Fanuc Palletizer

Skywash Robomow

Roomba

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 4

$52B (projected)2025

$17.1B (projected)2010

$5.4 B2005

$600M2002

Service Robots Market

U.N. Economic Commission Study

Market

Industrial robotics(manufacturing)• History

1961 GM installs first industrialrobot (Unimate)

1968 Kawasaki starts production1974 First microcomputer

controlled robot (ABB)1984 Robotics emerges as a

discipline - first researchconference

• Today– 40+ years of industrial

robotics– Growth rate around 4-5%– $4-5B worldwide

Service robotics– Robots used in industry

excluding manufacturing

Personal robotics– Service robots that are

consumer products

Page 3: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 5

Industrial Robotics: Impetus forGrowth

– Prices have fallen over 40% over the last 15 years– Quality (accuracy, payload) has almost doubled in

the same period

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 6

Industrial Robotics: Applications

• Automotive industry accounts for over30% of industrial robot sales,electronics industry is around 23%

Application (% sales, 1990)

Welding

Material handling

Assembly

Painting

Processing

Others

Application (% sales, 1990)

Welding

Material handling

Assembly

Painting

Processing

Others

Application (% sales, 2004)

33%

35%

Application (% sales, 2004)

33%

35%

Page 4: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 9

International Comparison

Industrial Robots (1990)

US

Japan

Europe

Rest of world

Industrial Robots (1990)

US

Japan

Europe

Rest of world

Industrial Robots (2004)

US

Japan

Europe

Rest of world

Industrial Robots (2004)

US

Japan

Europe

Rest of world

9%14%

31%

16%

60%40%

15%

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 10

Industrial Robots: Numbers

United Nations Economic Commission forEurope (UNECE, Oct. 2004)

Number of units installed annuallyNumber of operational robots

Number of robots per 10,000 workers

Page 5: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 11

Industrial Robotics: InternationalComparison

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 12

Industrial Robotics: Trends

Multi-robot-workcell• Conveyor belts• Fixtures, clamps• Synchronous flow

Robot-robot-cooperation• Replacement of transfer-

devices, fixtures• Continuous flow

Human-robot-cooperation• Weight compensation• Virtual walls• Integrated quality control

Courtesy H. Christensen, KTH

Page 6: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 13

Service Robotics

Robots find applications in “4Dtasks”– Dull– Dangerous– Dirty– Dumb

Not just manufacturing tasks!

Service robots• Health care• Entertainment• Security• Personal assistance• Construction• Cleaning

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 14

Service Robots: Examples

Tennisballcollector (GER)

Auto Mower(SWE) Electrolux (SWE) Fujitsu (JAP)

Pool cleaner (SWE)Manus (NET)

Windowcleaner(GER)

IBOT (US)

Swisslog Transcar

Swisslog (GER)

Page 7: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 15

Service Robotics: MobileRobots

• HP server farm: building automation• Pfizer laboratory: surveillance & monitoring• Victoria Secret corporate headquarters: visitor

handling• Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation Center:

automated wheelchair

MobileRobotsPeopleBot MobileRobots

PatrolBot

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 16

Service Robots

• Industry (excluding manufacturing)

• Personal

Category No. units Value ($ million)Field (agriculture, forestry, mining) 885 117Cleaning/maintenance 3370 68Inspection 185 21Construction, demolition 3030 195Medical robotics 2440 352Security, defense 1010 76Underwater 4785 1467Laboratory 3060 37Others 2295 110

21060 2443

Category No. Units Value ($ million)Domestic 607,000 217Entertainment 691,490 1,125Assistive 260 2Other 205 7Total 1,298,955 1,351

Page 8: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 17

Maturity: Service & Personal Robots

EURON report, 2004

INDUSTRIAL

INDUSTRIAL

SERVICE

PERSONAL

PERSONAL

SERVICE

PERSONAL

PERSONAL

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 18

1995 20250

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2000 2010

Trillion yen

Robots for welfare, medicalcare, public services anddomestic robots willdominate the robotics market Daily life support

Medical treatmentand welfare

Public service

Manufacturingindustry (FA)

8 trillion yen

* Report investigating technical strategies forcreating a robot society in the 21stcentury/Japan Robot Association (JARA)

Market for Service Robots

2005

Page 9: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 19

0250500750

1,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,500

EO 2002 2005

Service RobotsPersonal Robots

Units Sold(1,000s)

625,440

2,193,240

Personal Robots: Entertainment

Education/Hobbyist RobotsEntertainment RobotsSmart ToysRobotics PetsAutomated Home‘Partner’ Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 20

Personal and Service Robotics MarketResearch Challenges for IndustrialRobots• Sensing

– 3-D Vision– Force

• Integration: sensor basedcontrol

• Mobility and manipulation• Development

– Design, packaging, power– Safety– Product cost

Fanuc Robotics

Page 10: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 21

Personal and Service Robotics MarketResearch Challenges for Service andPersonal Robots• Mobility• Manipulation• Perception (Vision)• Human-Robot Interfaces• Autonomy• Development

– Design, packaging, power– Safety– Product cost

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 22

International Survey

Page 11: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 23

U.S. Industry

Industrial– Adept

Service– iRobot– MobileRobots

PackbotScooba (iRobot)

AdeptMobileRobots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 24

U.S. Industrial Robotics

Pharmaceuticals:LaboratoryAutomation

A

B

CD

E

F

GH

Presentation by Dr. Zheng

Page 12: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 25

Japan: Industrial Robotics

Three major companiesFanuc, Yasakawa, and Kawasaki

Fanuc– 20% market share– 1800 employees (1300 in research

labs, 10 Ph.Ds)– 10,000 robots– Technology provides the competitive

edge

• Before• servo motors/amplifiers

• Now• Software for sensing/integration

– robots assemble/test robots– beyond human performance

Fanuc F-200iB

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 26

Korea: Industrial Robotics

SamsungAutomatic transfer vehicle (1984)Electronic assembly robots (1985-87)First industrial robot (1989)Fully automated, robotic VCR assembly line (1991)80486-based robot controller (1993)Vision-based inspection robot (1996)Service robots, iComar and Antor (2001)Multi-functional cleaner (2004)

Page 13: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 27

Fast, precise, economicalindustrial robots

MARON: Links toPC/Internet/cell phone

Fujitsu: Industrial, Service andPersonal Robots

1982-85Industrial robots

1986-96Space robots

1995-2000Nursing robots

2000-…Human-friendly robots

Personal robotsHumanoid robots

Personalrobot(HOAP)

Reliable,autonomous,space robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 28

Japan: Sony Entertainment Robots

Emphasis on Personal Robots andHumanoids

QRIO (2004- )AIBO (1998- )SDR (2000-2003)

Page 14: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 29

Japan and Korea

Robots for a Silver society

ZMP: Nuvo humanoid robots(domestic companions)

Honda ASIMO project (1986 - )

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 30

Europe: Industrial Robotics

ABB– High Speed Parallel Robot– Force and vision integrated

assembly system

Parallelrobots forsuperiorperformance

KukaHeavy dutyrobots (500kg, 3m reach,+/- 0.3mm)

Page 15: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 31

Europe: Service and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 32

International Comparisons:Quantitative Observations• Networks

– Japan Robot Association– European Network– No comparable U.S. network

• Large Industry– Europe, Asia > U.S.

• Small Industry, start-ups– Europe, Asia > U.S. Growth rate in Asia > average

Growth rate in U.S. < average

Page 16: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 33

International Comparisons:Qualitative Observations• Made first in the U.S., but…

– Matured elsewhere– In spite of the entrepreneurial culture in the U.S.– More start-ups in Europe, Japan than the U.S.

• Close collaboration between government,academia and industry in Japan/Korea

• Concerted effort to understand big picture,develop and implement agenda– Japan: Strategy for creating new industries includes

robotics as one of the seven areas of emphasis– Korea: Of the 10 next generation growth engines,

robotics is one of them

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 34

*******Personal*********Service******Industrial

Applications****Manipulation******HRI**********Autonomy**********Perception*******Mobility

Japan/KoreaEuropeU.S.Basic

Qualitative Comparisons: Emphasis

Emphasis across different continents

Page 17: Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots · WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3 Industrial Robots, Service Robots and Personal Robots

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 35

Qualitative Comparisons

• U.S. leads in basic research, but weakerlink to industry

• Technology transfer, innovation andimpact is diluted because of the lack ofinvestment in hardware

• Leader in IT, but not translated into RT

WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 36

Future Challenges

• Manipulation and physical interactionwith the real world

• Perception for unstructuredenvironments

• Safety for operation near humans

• Human Robot Interaction