Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

California State StandardsCalifornia State Standards

10.3.1- Analyze why England was the first 10.3.1- Analyze why England was the first country to industrializecountry to industrialize

10.3.2- Examine how scientific and technological 10.3.2- Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison). Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Refers to the increased output of machine-Refers to the increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during made goods that began in England during the mid 1700s. the mid 1700s.

Transformed almost every aspect of daily Transformed almost every aspect of daily life and human society.life and human society.

Societies went from agricultural societies Societies went from agricultural societies to industrial societies. to industrial societies.

Spread from England to Continental Spread from England to Continental Europe and North AmericaEurope and North America

Life Before the Industrial RevolutionLife Before the Industrial Revolution

People lived off the land.People lived off the land. They used handmade They used handmade

tools.tools. The best source of power The best source of power

was horseswas horses They made their own They made their own

clothingclothing They grew their own foodThey grew their own food They lived in simple They lived in simple

cottages lit by candles.cottages lit by candles.

Life Changes as Industry SpreadsLife Changes as Industry Spreads

Population GrowthPopulation Growth Food SurplusFood Surplus People lived in citiesPeople lived in cities They bought food and They bought food and

clothes someone else clothes someone else made.made.

New inventions made New inventions made work more efficient. work more efficient.

Steam PowerSteam Power New modes of New modes of

communication and communication and transportationtransportation

Why England?Why England?

Before After

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution

EnclosuresEnclosures- Wealthy landowners bought - Wealthy landowners bought up village farmers’ land and enclosed their up village farmers’ land and enclosed their land with fences or hedges.land with fences or hedges.

Wealthy landowners had larger fields to Wealthy landowners had larger fields to experiment with more efficient methods of experiment with more efficient methods of farming.farming.

Results:Results: Landowners tried new agricultural methodsLandowners tried new agricultural methods Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers Forced small farmers to give up farming and move to the cityForced small farmers to give up farming and move to the city

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution

Crop RotationCrop Rotation- process that improved - process that improved crop yieldcrop yield

Practice that rotated through growing different Practice that rotated through growing different crops crops

Keep pests awayKeep pests away Replenished the soilReplenished the soil Ex: One year plant wheat, which exhausts nutrients in Ex: One year plant wheat, which exhausts nutrients in

the soil. Then the next year turnips to restore the the soil. Then the next year turnips to restore the nutrients. nutrients.

Farming Methods ImproveFarming Methods Improve

Jethro Tull invents the Jethro Tull invents the Seed Drill which Seed Drill which deposits seeds in a deposits seeds in a row in the soil. row in the soil.

More efficient More efficient farming.farming.

Increased crop Increased crop production.production.

Food Surpluses can Food Surpluses can feed more people.feed more people.

Abundant Natural ResourcesAbundant Natural Resources

England had an extensive amount of England had an extensive amount of natural resources that was necessary for natural resources that was necessary for Industrialization.Industrialization. Water power and coal to fuel the new Water power and coal to fuel the new

machinesmachines Iron to construct machines, tools, and Iron to construct machines, tools, and

buildingsbuildings Rivers for inland transportationRivers for inland transportation Harbors from which merchant ships set sailHarbors from which merchant ships set sail

Political StabilityPolitical Stability

Despite Britain’s participation in multiple Despite Britain’s participation in multiple wars, they were never fought on British wars, they were never fought on British soil.soil.

Their military success gave the British a Their military success gave the British a positive attitude. positive attitude.

Parliament passes laws to encourage and Parliament passes laws to encourage and protect business venturesprotect business ventures

Factors of ProductionFactors of Production

Resources needed to produce goods and Resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution services that the Industrial Revolution neededneeded Land- natural resourcesLand- natural resources Labor- population and urban growthLabor- population and urban growth Capital (wealth)- entrepreneurs Capital (wealth)- entrepreneurs

Technological Advances in the Technological Advances in the Textile IndustryTextile Industry

Several major inventions Several major inventions modernized the cotton modernized the cotton industry. One invention industry. One invention led to another.led to another. Eli Whitney’s Cotton GinEli Whitney’s Cotton Gin Cleaned cotton of dirt and Cleaned cotton of dirt and

seedsseeds Helped separate cotton at Helped separate cotton at

a fast ratea fast rate

The Textile InventionsThe Textile Inventions

Huge demand for Huge demand for cotton cloth.cotton cloth.

John Kay’s Flying John Kay’s Flying Shuttle (1733)Shuttle (1733)

Helped cotton Helped cotton producers weave producers weave cotton into cloth and cotton into cloth and fabric.fabric.

Textile InventionsTextile Inventions

James Hargreaves James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny Spinning Jenny (1764)(1764)

Helped increase the Helped increase the speed of spinning speed of spinning cottoncotton

Textile InventionsTextile Inventions

Richard Arkwright’s Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame (1769)Water Frame (1769)

Spinning machine Spinning machine powered by water.powered by water.

EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

People who organizes, People who organizes, manages, and takes on manages, and takes on the risks of a business.the risks of a business. Matthew Boulton- paid Matthew Boulton- paid

James Watt a salary to James Watt a salary to build better enginesbuild better engines

This led to James Watt This led to James Watt discovering how to make discovering how to make steam engines run faster steam engines run faster and more efficiently while and more efficiently while using less fuel.using less fuel.

Transportation InnovationsTransportation Innovations

As the production of As the production of goods increased, goods increased, business needed business needed faster and cheaper faster and cheaper methods of moving methods of moving goods from one place goods from one place to another.to another.

TurnpikesTurnpikes- Private - Private roads that charged roads that charged users a fee. users a fee.

Transportation InnovationsTransportation Innovations

Canals BoomCanals Boom Factories needed a Factories needed a

cheap and fast way of cheap and fast way of receiving coal and receiving coal and other raw materials other raw materials and then shipping out and then shipping out these finished these finished products. products.

Canals in Britain 1800Canals in Britain 1800

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Transportation InnovationsTransportation Innovations

Steam LocomotivesSteam Locomotives Growth of RailwaysGrowth of Railways Tracks could go Tracks could go

places that the rivers places that the rivers could not. could not.

Ship goods cheaply Ship goods cheaply and quickly over land.and quickly over land.

The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 18501850

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ClosureClosure

What are the factors that led to England What are the factors that led to England industrializing first?industrializing first?

Which ones do you think are the most Which ones do you think are the most important? Why? important? Why?