Industrial Flowmeters Ultrasonic Flowmeter deltawaveC.

Industrial Flowmeters

Ultrasonic Flowmeter deltawaveC


Topics

Applications

Measurement Principle

Heat Rate Measurement

Target Markets

Prices

Competing systems / Competitors ClampOn

Hands-On

Summary


deltawaveC –

Flow metering of liquids in filled pipes


Applications – Overview (1)

Flow metering for Waste Water Pipes

Flow metering for Pumping Stations


Applications – Overview (2)

Flow metering for Heating Systems

Others:

• Cooling / Feeding / Drinking Water

• Beverages / Pharmaceuticals

• Oil / Fuels

• Air conditioning systems


Measurement Principle – Time-of-Flight (1)


Prinzip der Laufzeitmessung

T1

L D

Measurement Principle – Time-of-Flight (2)

Ultrasonic Transducers

T2

cos221

)12(

TT

TTLv

4cos221

)12( 2D

TT

TTLQ

Piezo Element


Signal Propagation


L D

vs_tr

V2 e.g. 2500m/s)

Mounting Distance X

-> Path fractures because of different speed of sounds of material(s) / fluid-> X depends on media and pipe material (coating if applicable)-> X is calculated by deltawaveC depending on given parameters

Speed of sound

V3 e.g. 1480m/s)


Reynolds-Compensation (1)

Viscosities µ (Examples):

Water (25°C): 0.00089

Oil: 2.9

]sm

kg[Viscosity (dynamic)

[kg/m3] liquid ofDensity

[m]Diameter

]s

m[ velocity average

[-] Reynolds ofNumber Re

Re

D

v

Dv

-> Flow Profile depends on Number of Reynolds

-> Influence of Reynolds has to be compensated



Laminar Flow Profile

Re < 2000

(only when very low flow and/or media with high viscosity)

LaminarFlow Profile (acc. to Pai)v,max in middle of pipe

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1.600

1.800

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1

r / r, pipe [-]

v(r

) / v

,ma

x [

-]

V( r) / V,max [-]

V ( r) / v,mean


Reynolds-Compensation (3)Turbulent Flow Profile (acc. to Pai)

v,max in middle of pipe

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1

r / r, pipe [-]

v(r)

/ v,

max

[-]

V( r) / V,max [-]

V ( r) / v,mean

Turbulent Flow Profile

Re > 8000

[most of applications Re is > 8000

e.g. water 20°c, v=0.04 m/s

-> Re =10,000 ]



Flow needs to be corrected (slightly) depending on number of Reyndols.

-> In deltawaveC number of Reynolds and Factor k are automatically calculated depending on flow velocity

(k ≈ 0.94…1 )

4cos221

)12( 2D

TT

TTLQ Re

2

4cos221

)12(k

D

TT

TTLQ



Propagation Losses (1)


Scattering: Modification of direction of signal caused by reflections from gas bubbles, particles…. (Effect is higher at higher transducer frequencies )

Scattering




Absorption: Conversion of acoustic energy into heat by friction between the water molecules (sound waves cause compression and expansion of water) (function of frequency squared)

Absorption





-> Both effects (increase exponentially with increase in path length

-> Different transducers / mounting options are available to get stable and reliable measurement

AbsorptionScattering



T1

LD

Mounting – Z-Mounting (1)

Ultrasonic Transducer

T2

Prinzip der LaufzeitmessungL

D

Ultrasonic Transducer


Measurement Principle – Z-Mounting (2)


Measurement Principle – V-mountings vs. Z-mounting

Easy mounting Only half of Path length

->Higher Signal Strength

Recommended for big pipes and/or high particle load / gas load



2 MHz: DN15-DN100

1 MHz: DN100-DN400

500 kHz

Highest Signal Strength

DN200-DN6000


Signal Analysis – Cross-Correlation (1)

time

3 2 2

Phase Shift 180°

Phase Shift 180°



Real Signal (Due to inertance of transducers perfect rectangular pulses can not be generated by the transducers



Reference SignalSend Signal

Maximum of Correlation



-> Use of Cross-Correlation gives a unique shape of signal

-> (weak) Signals can be detected also in case of noise

-> Measurement possible also in case of challenging conditions (e.g. Gas load / Particle load)



Single Puls Burst 4 Barker 7 (322)

-> Depending on Type of Transducer proper signal will automatically be selected by electronic unit



L

D

Required Straight Run (1)


cos221

)12(

TT

TTLv

+∆


Required Straight Run (2)


v1D

Required Straight Run (3) – crossed paths


+∆ -∆

221 vv

v

v2

Error caused by cross flow is compensated


Integrated Heat Transfer Measurement (1)

Flow

Pipe

Heater

PT100 Temperature

T_hot

PT100 Temperature T_coldFlow



4.181) C)(50 water of c

4.192 C)(10 water of c e.g.(

)/([capacity heat

]/[

[m/s] velocity Flow

][msection Cross

)(

w

w

3

2

KkgkJc

mkgDensity

v

A

TTcvAQ

W

coldhotw

Thermal Output



dtQQ

TTcvAQ coldhotw

)( Thermal Output [W, kW]

Heat Rate [J, kWh]

-> continuous Output (e.g. 4…20mA Signal)

-> Normally puls (counter, totalizer) output


Electronic Units (1)

Portable Stationary

No. of Paths 1 1 / 2

Physical Quantities Flow, velocity, Thermal Output, Heat Rate, Flow direction, Accumulated Flow

Totalizers Volume, Mass, Heat Quantity

Diagnostic Functions Sound velocity, Signal Amplitutde, SNR, Signal Qualits (SQ),Signal Scan @ Display

Analog Outputs 2x 4…20mA 2x 4…20mA

Digital Outputs 1 x Relay 1/2x Relay

Inputs 2x PT100 2x PT100

Interfaces USB USB


Electronic Units (2)

Portable Stationary

Accuracy up to 1% of measured value

Measuring Cycle 4 Hz (250ms) (Update of Display and Outputs)

Signal Damping 1…60 sec (adjustable) (moving average)

Human-to-machine interf.

Soft Keys

Menu language German, English,….

Housing Material Aluminium, PVC PVC


Electronic Units (3)Portable Stationary

Degree of Protection IP 54 IP 67

Display 320x240,Backlight 320x240 Backlight

Weight

Power Supply Battery (Li-Ion)230VAC

230VAC

Operating Temperature

-20…60°C

Loggable values All physical quantities, totalized values and diagnostic values

Log cycle Adjustable 1sec…60min

Capacity Adjustable (standard 1 GB)



2 MHz 1 MHz 0.5 MHz

Pipe Size DN10-DN100 DN40/50-DN400 DN200-DN6000

Material PEEK, Aluminium (Mounting Frame)

Mounting Spacer Bar + Chains Textile belt

Temperature -40…150°C -40…80°C (150°C)


Hands-On



deltawaveC vs. Magnetic Flowmeter IDM

+ High Accuracy / Linearity (typcial 0.3%)

- Interruption of Process / Cut-off of pipe required

- Minimum conductivity (1mS) required

- Electrodes sensitive against dirt / sedimentation

U = k x B x D x v

U: induced Voltage, proportional to flow

K: Calibration Factor

D: Distance between Electrodes (=ID)

v: Average Flow Velocity



deltawaveC vs. Inline Ultrasonic

+ High(er) Signal Strength

+ Defined Measurement Section

- Cut-off of pipe required

- Heavy (with bigger diameters)

- Interruption of Process

- Contact to media (abrasion, hygienic,..)



deltawaveC vs. Turbine Flowmeter

+ High Accuracy- Penetration of Pipe- Pressure Loss- Rotating Parts- Sensitive agains dirt (friction coefficient might change)

• Rotation speed of Turbineproportional to Flow• Q = f / K• K: Calibration Factor


Target Markets / Applications – Power Plants

Cooling Water

Feeding Water / Condensate

Heat Transport

Process Water

….


Target Markets / Applications – Water / Waste Water

Measurement of Inlet / Outlet of Waste Water Plants

Verification of other flowmeters (e.g. Magnetic flowmeters)

Drinking Water Networks (Distribution / Consumption)

Leakage Detection

Chemical Flows (small pipes and low flows)

Sludge


Target Markets / Applications – Facility Management

Hot and cold water

Optimization of Heating Systems

Leackage Detection

Analysis / Optimization of Energy Flows


Target Markets / Applications – Oil and Gas / Chemistry Basic Materials (Oil) as well as intermediate and finale

products (Kerosine, Petroleum,….)

Chemical Waste Water / Process Water

Aggressive, corrosive and toxic chemicals

Non-conductive media

heat transfer media (thermal oil)


Target Markets / Applications – Food & Beverages

Supplies (Hot Water, Cold Water, Process / Waste Water…)

Thermal Energy measurement in energy supply

Products

Hygienic contact-free measurement of liquids


Target Markets / Mechanical Engineering

Leak Detection on hydraulic systems

Measurement of cooling lubricant

Monitoring of pumps


Target Markets / Pharmaceutical and semiconductor Non-invasive measurement of ultra pure fluids, even

in plastic pipes (PVC)


Benefits (1)

High Accuracy (up to 1%)

Independet from Changes in Temperature and Pressure

Easy Mounting (Just minutes), low mounting costs

Contact-Free (to media) measurement

-> perfect for sensitive media like pharmazeuticals, beverages..

Feasibility can be easaly checked in advanced

-> reduces customer complaints

Integrated Heat Transfer measurement enlarges sales possibilites


Benefits (2)

100% Plant availability (can be installed during normal operation)

No blockage of pipe, no pressure loss

Leak-proof: No additional risk of leakage caused by the measuring equipment

Pressure Resistant: No pressure limit, No extra charge for high pressure applications

Wear-free: No wear and tear e.g. by abrasive media

Industrial Flowmeters Ultrasonic Flowmeter deltawaveC.

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