Industrial engineering solutions to non- industry … engineering solutions to non-industry...
Transcript of Industrial engineering solutions to non- industry … engineering solutions to non-industry...
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Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Industrial engineering solutions to non-
industry problems:How industrial engineering methods are being
applied to healthcare, humanitarian aid, public
policy, and sports
Cameron MacKenzie
March 7, 2016
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
My background
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Interesting questions
• How can mathematical models help us make
better decisions?
• How can we apply industrial engineering
methods to other applications (e.g., security and
defense, healthcare, humanitarian aid)?
• How can we still use models and good analytics
when we don’t have a lot of data?
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Focus on operations research and
system engineering models
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
U.S. healthcare system
Descriptive statistics
• 17% of GDP for
healthcare
• Expenses increasing at 4-
10% annually
• Major pressure to
become more efficient
and provide higher quality
care
• Shortage of skilled
workers
Costs of poor quality
• Estimated 35% of all
healthcare costs = waste
• Duplication, non-value
add, redundancies
• Medical errors, adverse
events, preventable
deaths, process defects
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
IEs in healthcare
• Integrate people, equipment, facilities, and other
resources to improve work results
• Perform cost-saving and quality improvement
projects
• Analyze data, perform feasibility studies,
analyze waiting times and scheduling, layout for
space planning
• Optimize disease screening, optimize organ
transplant schedule
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
IE projects in healthcare
• Productivity management
• Staffing and scheduling
• Process improvement
• Inventory management
• Simulation
• Benchmarking
• Facility design and capacity analysis
• Operations and systems analysis
• Quality improvement
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Examples
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• Determines how much to
order and when to order for
medical supplies
• Uses yellow tape to determine
when to reorder
• Design optimal inventory
policy for specially designed
medical cabinets (includes
medical supplies and
medicine)Bryan Norman,
University of Pittsburgh
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Public health example
• HIV prevention and treatment
programs
• Programs to control spread
of hepatitis B (vaccinate or
not)
• Strategic national stockpiles
to stop spread of pandemics
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Margaret Brandeau,
Stanford University
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Humanitarian aid and disaster relief
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Challenges in humanitarian aid
• Limited availability of resources
• Lack of infrastructure
• High uncertainty
• Multiple stakeholders with different objectives
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Melih Celik, Ozlem Ergun, Ben Johnson, Pinar Keskinocak,
Alvaro Lorca, Pelin Pekgun, Julie Swann, 2014. Humanitarian
logistics. In INFORMS Tutorials in Operations Research, 18-
49.
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Breast milk delivery in South Africa
• Allocate
donated
breast milk in
South Africa
for newborns
• Determine
how much milk
to deliver to
each facility
based on
equity
considerations
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Food aid distribution in Horn of Africa
• United
Nations World
Food Program
• Supply
forecasting
• Inventory
management
• Truck
scheduling
• Port
simulation12
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Demand estimation and procurement
tool for CARE
• Use historical data to estimate numbers of
affected populations for a disaster
• Procurement tool for what CARE should
purchase once a disaster strikes (optimization
model in Excel)
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Postdisaster medical response
• Assess ability of medical resources to handle a
disaster situation
• Model number of people that will seek aid
following a disaster and where they will go
• Estimate amount of debris that needs to be
cleared following disaster
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Security and defense
• Operations research was initially developed to
help the U.S. and U.K. win World War II
• Logistics models on optimal planning for
purchasing, facility location, maintenance for
military
• Multiple objective decision making: how to
measure effectiveness in national security
• Simulation tools for analysis, planning, and war
gaming
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
U.S. Marine Forces Reserve
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Lt. Gen. Rex McMillian
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Evacuate?
• 1,000 Marines on base
• If you wait to order evacuation until 30-40 hours
before hurricane, Marines could be stuck in
traffic as the rest of New Orleans tries to
evacuate
• If no evacuation and hurricane strikes
• Potential loss of life
• Potential of city infrastructure disabled
• $300,000 for each day that Marines have
evacuated
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Homeland security
• Best practices for screening passengers in
Transportation Security Administration (eg,
precheck)
• Preparation for nuclear, biological, chemical
attack
• Pandemic outbreaks
• Risk quantification and budget allocation based
on risk assessment
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Homeland security
• Psychological perception and reactions to
events
• Protection of ports
• Police security at airports
• Economic consequences of terrorist attacks and
natural disasters
• Infrastructure protection
• Resilience
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Sports analytics
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What inefficiencies exist in
sports evaluation and strategy
that can be exploited?
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Sports analytics
• Statistics-based research:
new statistics to evaluate
players and referees
• Decision-making models
• When should you go for it
on fourth down?
• When should baseball
teams shift defense?
• Predictions
• Winning your NCAA bracket
• Forecasting player and
team performance
(computer simulation)21
Wayne Winston,
University of Houston
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Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Skills
• Good mathematical, modeling, and statistics
skills
• Applications in these areas in human factors
and manufacturing
• Interest in these types of problems, ask good
questions that need to be solved
• Ability to communicate technical detail to non-
technical decision makers
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