Industrial ecosystem
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INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
• Name�:�FAIRUZ
• ROLL�NO�:�BARC/8008/10
• SUBJECT�:�INDUSTRIAL�ARCHITECTURE
• SEMESTER�:�VIII
• Name�:�FAIRUZ
• ROLL�NO�:�BARC/8008/10
• SUBJECT�:�INDUSTRIAL�ARCHITECTURE
• SEMESTER�:�VIII
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
� INDUSTRIAL�ECOSYSTEM is�an Eco-Industrial�Park�
� It�is�also�known�as�industrial�symbiosis,�eco-industrial�estate,�eco�industrial�network,�eco-industrial�development,�etc.�
� An�association between�two�or�more�industrial�facilities�or�companies�in�which�the�wastes�or�byproducts�of�one�become�the�raw�materials�for�another.�
� Based�on��the�concept�of�Industrial��Ecology
� It�is�planned,�designed,�and�built�in�such�a�way�that�it�makes�it�easier�for�businesses�to�co-operate�
� Main�Objective�OF�industrial�Ecosystem:
1. Reduce�waste�and�pollution
2. Efficiently�share�resources�such�as�information,�materials,�water, energy,�infrastructure,�and natural�resources�by�the�industries.
3. Achieve sustainable�development,�with�the�intention�of�increasing�economic�gains and�improving�environmental�quality
INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTINDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT
� It�is�a�natural�cycle�where�everything�on�earth��is�
consumed�by�one�another�organisms
� There�is�no�waste�or�pollution�created by�natural�
ecology�since�the�waste�of�one�organism�becomes�the�
food�of�another
NATURAL ECOLOGYNATURAL ECOLOGYNATURAL ECOLOGYNATURAL ECOLOGY INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGYINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGYINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGYINDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
� Based�on��the�concept��
of�Natural�Ecology
� It�is�the�study�of�
material�&�energy�flows�
through�industrial�
systems.
� The�wastes�or�� The�wastes�or�
byproducts�of�one�
industry�become�the�
raw�materials�for�
another
EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSESEVOLUTIONARY PROCESSESEVOLUTIONARY PROCESSESEVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES
Evolutionary�processes�of�industrial�ecosystem�are�of�two�types�:
a. SELF-ORGANISED�PARK.
b. CONSTRUCTED�OR�DESIGNED�PARK.�
� Self- organized�eco-industrial�parks�have�evolved�spontaneously�without�any�policy�management�or�administrative�plans�to�develop�cooperation.
� These�systems�have�become�eco-industrial�parks�by�
accident,�because�of�independent�linkages�between�its�
SELF SELF SELF SELF ---- ORGANISED ECO ORGANISED ECO ORGANISED ECO ORGANISED ECO ----PARKPARKPARKPARK DESIGNED ECO DESIGNED ECO DESIGNED ECO DESIGNED ECO ---- INDUSTRIAL PARKINDUSTRIAL PARKINDUSTRIAL PARKINDUSTRIAL PARK
� Designed�eco-industrial�parks�can�be�constructed�around�already�existing�operations�or�built�from�scratch�with�the��help�of�evolutionary�approach
�Main�2�Approaches�OF�Designed Industrial�Park�are:accident,�because�of�independent�linkages�between�its�actors.��
�Main�2�Approaches�OF�Designed Industrial�Park�are:
a. Stream-Based�Approach�:
Linkages�are�made�based�on�the�flow�of�specific�physical�resources
b. Business-Based�Approach�:
The�developer�looks�for�companies�that�are�interested�in�the�project�and�tries�to�fit�them�in�the�eco-industrial�park�concept.�
� The�model�preferred�would�combine�both�stream-based�and�business-based�approaches�and�companies�would�be�proposed�to�join�the�park�on�the�basis�of�their�streams.
� The�network�can�also�be�built�around�one�large�industry�which�will�work�as�a�central�element,�as�an�anchor�tenant�for�an�eco-industrial�park.
RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :RESEARCH I :
KALUNDBORG��ECO�– INDUSTRIAL�PARK
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park
� Kalundborg Eco-Industrial�Park�is�a�located�in�Kalundborg,Denmark
� It�is�a�self�organized�eco�industrial�park�with��20,000�inhabitants
� Companies�in�this�region�collaborate�to�use�each�other's�by-products�&�share�resources
� In�1961,�It�began�with�a�project�to�use�surface�water�from�Lake�Tissø for�a�new�oil�refinery�in�order�to�save�the�limited�supplies�of�ground�water�
� In�1973,�Largest�power�station�in�Denmark�known�as�Asnaes Power�station�was�set�up�which�works�as�a�central�elementstation�was�set�up�which�works�as�a�central�element
� Starting�from�this�initial�collaboration,�a�number�of�other�collaborative�projects�were�subsequently�introduced
� By�the�end�of�the�1980's,�the�partners�realized�that�they�had�effectively�formed�a�“self-organized"�Industrial�Ecosystem
� In�2001, International Society for Industrial Ecology was�formed.
� It�promotes�“the�use�of�industrial�ecology�in�research,�education,�
policy,�community�development,�and�industrial�practices”�around�
the�world.
� In�2005, UK’s National Industrial Symbiosis Programme (NISP) was�
launched�as�the�first�national�scale�IS�initiative�in�the�world�to�
promote�inter-firm�synergies�in�regions�across�the�UK.
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park
The�Kalundborg Eco-Industrial�Park�today�includes�nine�private�and�public�enterprises:
1. Novo�Nordisk - Danish�company�and�largest�producer�of insulin�in�the�world
2. Novozymes - Danish�company�and�largest�enzyme�producer�in�the�world
3. Gyproc - French�producer�of�gypsum�board
4. Kalundborg Municipality�4. Kalundborg Municipality�
5. Dong�Energy - owner�of�Asnaes Power�Station,�the�largest�power�plant�in�Denmark
6. Rgs 90 - Danish�soil�remediation�and�
recovery�company
7. Statoil - Norwegian�company�which�owns�Denmark's�largest�oil�refinery
8. Kara/Novoren - Danish�waste�treatment�
company
9. Kalundborg Forsyning A/S - water�and�heat�supplier,�as�well�as�waste�disposer,�for�Kalundborg citizen
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park
WASTE AVOIDED THROUGH INTERCHANGESWASTE AVOIDED THROUGH INTERCHANGESWASTE AVOIDED THROUGH INTERCHANGESWASTE AVOIDED THROUGH INTERCHANGES
ANNUAL RESOURCE SAVINGS THROUGH INTERCHANGESANNUAL RESOURCE SAVINGS THROUGH INTERCHANGESANNUAL RESOURCE SAVINGS THROUGH INTERCHANGESANNUAL RESOURCE SAVINGS THROUGH INTERCHANGES
RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :RESEARCH II :
UIMAHARJU��ECO�- INDUSTRIAL��PARK
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Uimaharju Industrial Park
� Uimaharju Industrial�Park�is�located�in�the�small�municipality�of�ENO in�Eastern�Finland.
� It�is�a�self�organized�eco�industrial�park�with��5,000�inhabitants
� During�the�1950s�and�60s,The�Uimaharju industrial�area�consisted�only�of�a�sawmill�where�the�bark�waste�from�saw�logs�was�combusted�for�energy
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Uimaharju Industrial Park
� In�1967–1992�,�a�pulp�mill�and�a�power�plant
were�built�alongside�the�sawmill.�
�Waste�wood�chips�serve�as�raw�material�for�pulping (2),�
� Pulping�wastes acts�as�a�fuel�for�energy�production�in�the�new�power�plant�which�inturnprovide��some�power(3),�steam�(4)�and�heat�(5)�to��the�pulp�mill.
� The�CHP�plant�(coproduction�of�heat�and�power)�was�not�efficient�enough�to�produce�the�power�required�by�the�mills�and�this�need�was�met�by�purchasing�power�from�the�national�
grid.�
� Some�sawdust (6)�was�supplied to�other�mills�outside�the�park�as�resources�with�value.
�The�pulp�mill�needed�pulping�chemicals�and�some�industrial�gases�(O2,�CO2)�for�pulp�bleaching�which��were�sourced�from�outside�the�system.
� Plenty�of�water�is�required�in�the�pulp�making�processes�which�is�obtained�from�the�lake.�
RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : RESEARCH : Uimaharju Industrial Park
� In�1992–2003�(C)�the�newest�actors�are a�waste�ash�treatment�plant,�a�
wastewater�treatment�plant�and�a�gas�
plant.
� There�are�also�some�new�flows�between�the�system�and�its�environment�such�as�:�i. Waste�ash�utilization�for�fertilizer (9)ii. Waste�water�sludge�used�as�fuel (11)iii. Saw-mill�bark�used�as fuel�in�the�power�
plant�(7)�plant�(7)�iv. Recovery�and�Reuse�of�pulping�
chemicals�(10)v. Industrial�gas�recovery�in�the�gas�
plant.��(8)
�The�municipality�of�Eno runs�its�municipal�waste�waters�(12)�into�the�Uimaharju park�to�be�treated�efficiently�in�the�park’s�wastewater�plant.
� The�industrial�park�sells�some�of�the�unused�wood�wastes outside�the�park�(13).
� Finally,�some�surplus�(green)�electricity is�sold�to�the�international�grid�(14).
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMCHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMCHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEMCHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
To�be�a�real�eco-industrial�park�,�a�development�must�have�:
� Large�central�industry�which�will�be�connected�to�other�smaller�industries
� Network�Of�Factories�Where��The�By�Products�And�Resource�Can�Be�Shared
� A�Recycling and�Reuse�Business�Cluster
� A�Collection�Of�Environmental�Technology�Companies
� An�Environmentally�Friendly�Infrastructure
� A�Collection�Of�Companies�Making�“Green”�Products
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
�Waste�product�from�one�industry�provides�input�for�another,�reducing�input�cost
� Reduced�waste�streams�mean�lower�waste�disposal�costs
� New�employment�opportunities�through�local�utilization�and�management�of�material�&�energy�flows
� Reduced�emissions�of�gases�means�less�need�to�separate�reduced�
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
industrial�and�residential�land�uses�and�consequently�reduced�movement�cost�between�two.
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
� Its�time�Consuming�to�build�an�Eco�Industrial�Park
� Proximity of�industries�are�necessary�for�easier�linkages
� Large�amount�of investment�is�required�for�the�exchange�network
� There�is�a�great�risk�if�one�industry�is�bankrupt�or�in�loss
� Industries�must�be�joined�in�a�closed�loop�
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
� Industrial�ecosystem,�for�now�is�a�Potential�research�fieldwith�plenty�of�implications�in�creating�an�eco�friendly�environment
� Many�experts�are�still�researching�within�this�field�in�order�to�achieve�a�perfectly��Designed�Eco�Industrial�Park
� It�becomes�time�consuming�and�difficult�to�get�different�companies�to�collaborate�with�each�other.
� Architect�plays�an�important�role�in�the�field�of�eco�industrial�park�design
� Industry�ecosystem�is�a�concept�introduced�in�industrial�architecture�to�minimize�pollution,�avoid�unnecessary�wastage�&�reduce�transportation�cost.