Industrial Design Basics

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DokumentationZHdK IAD

1. Semester

HS 09

Industrial Design Basics

Riccardo Lardi

Gerhard Buurman

Karmen Franinovic



The main difculty I was conronted with was the transition rom descriptionso aordances to drawings or sketches on paper. How to sketch ie. ‚the object issqueezy but still made o a hard material‘? Such problems made it hard at frst,later on I‘d just sketch more reely and just put on paper what frst came into mymind. That way, a broader range o inormation could be gathered quickly.

Description: The goal o this exercise is to study the objectas the experience it enables through tactile exploration.Students work in couples: one o them chooses an objectto be explored by the colleague. The person exploring

the object must not see the object ie. must keep the eyesclosed. Without saying the name o the object, the per-son describes the haptic and tactile sensations causedthrough manipulation o the arteact. The person who lis-tens tries to sketch the qualities that are being describedsuch as sot, curved, warm, loud etc. Ater ten or fteenminutes, the two participants switch roles.

Ater again and again having ound mysel in trying tofnd out what object my mate is describing, I fnally got tonot only sketch the objects orm and physical parameters,but also how the it ‚eels‘ and what kind o aordances itoers to dierent people. To me, that step to fnd out howto bring those thinkings to paper was a difcult, but sure-ly quite an interesting experience.

The ruler had dierentcharacteristics which wereequally hard to describeand to sketch by listeningto the description.

Other objects had moredistinguishable attributes,which made it easier todescribe and sketch.

SKETCHING SENSORIAL EXPERIENCE



Sometimes perspectitiveerrors could happen, lea-ving no other choice thanstarting a new sketch.

The sliding mechanicscould be represented easi-ly, showing it rom die-rent perspectives.

This candy case can be opened by sliding the upper deck. While simple in const-ruction, the roundings at the corners still became not all that easy to reproduce.Ater having just quickly sketched the chassis in a very rudimentary way, detailslike those roundings were applied one ater another.

SKETCHING THE OBJECT

Description: Using ront and side views, sections, axono-metric projection and/or prospective, the students techni-cally represent an object.

The sketching o chosen objects was an exciting challen-ge, as I never really ound mysel to be an able drawer. Irapidly realized, that sketching objects which are in ronto me and so are exposed reely to me, can be sketchedin a technical way, so I‘m not bound to be really talentedin drawing, I‘d just sketch ‚what I see‘ and that‘s the trick.Ater a ew attempts my sketches became more and moredistinctive and pronounced.



The proportions o the object was not always easy tokeep the same during theentire sketching process.

Drawing the object inrelation to dierent usagescenarios could end up inquite unny ways.

The anatomy o a hand ie. was easy to reproduce as long as I had an example inront o me, say, me holding that object with the let hand while drawing with theother hand. Otherwise I had problems fnding the right proportions, etc.Sometimes fnding the starting point o the drawing could become difcult. Likein this sketch, it could lead to space problems and missplacement.

Description: Students sketch the use o the object in aunctional way. The human body or its parts (hand or oot)have to be represented.

I liked it a lot to experiment with dierent ways o dra-wing body parts, namely my hand holding the object.Again, ater eeling deep despair caused by underestima-tion o my drawing skills, I was relieved when I ound outthat the outcome o my eorts were rather okay compa-red to what I‘d been expecting beore.The presence o the human body suddenly brought lieand also movement to the sketches. The objects were notanymore just ‚still lie‘ - like drawings or technical treat-ments o things, they actually became somehow natural.

SKETCHING USE



I tried to show emotions, to give individual appearances to dierent characters,to show reactions and interaction by using mimics and gestures. I realized howmuch the shape and size o eyes could aect the shown emotion.The sketching style I used is a ast one, so it should go well in situations whensome scenario etc. has to be explained rapidly but surely has its downsides, too.

Finding out how to drawaces showing emotionstook quite a while.

In some frst attemts Ididn‘t introduce people, soit was way easier to drawprocesses or me.

Description: Students invent stories o the use or misuseo the object. The temporal aspect o the story and peoplein it are the core o the exercise - How does one representcause-eect loops? How do you show emotional statesor perceptual experience? How can we represent socialdynamics and interaction?

For me, this was the hardest excercise. I had a hard timefndig out how I could sketch people. Better said, it wasdifcult fnding the most appropriate style or sketchingpeople to show up an experience or an interaction. I thensettled on a rather simplistic style. This way, the sketchmay seemed ‚too sketchy‘, but it could deliver dynamicsand movement better than any other approach I tried.

SKETCHING STORIES



Very obvious to me wasalso the ‚break‘ aordance,which I realised by buil-ding some very unstableand thin skeleton.

I made a propeller toachieve the ‚spin‘ a-ordance. It could indeedspin, when blown on it.

The ‚shake‘ aordance led me directly to the idea o a box with unknown content,which can be shaken to guess what‘s probably inside. I tried to round the edgesas smooth and equal as possible, while trying to retain a square-edged orm.Also, the box should give no hint resp. should not suggest any content - so I triedto keep the bonding surace as clean as possible.

Description: Build 5 objects out o oam and always startrom the cube [10x10x10cm]Express the ollowing aordances through their orm:Spin me / Squeeze me / Shake me / Stretch me / Break me

With this excercise we were introduced to one o theZHdK‘s ‚Werkstatt‘. We elt big excitement to start do-ing something we could actually build up with our barehands, as we‘ve been since then only working in ront oour notebooks, except the sketching excercises. Creatingobjects which were physical tangible was a nice motivati-on and made us drastically more aware o what industrialdesign can be all about.

DESIGN AFFORDANCES



Also, making contrastbetween highlighted andshadowed parts o themodel made big impact onthe overall impression.

When taking close pictureso the object, depth o feldcould create quite a nice‚smoothing-out‘ eect.

How I already said, the light, viewing angle and also the scene could immenselyinuence the viewing experience o the model. The dropped shadows would takea big part o the impression one gets when looking at it.

Description: This exercise is an exploration o patterns,scale and repetition. It‘s composed o three sub-exercises:

1. From a at paper create a orm by cutting, olding,waving and/or gluing it.2. Using a repetition o the same element create a pattern3. Scale the same elements and connect them

In this excercise at, empty, boring white paper turnedinto dierent interesting orms. By repeating the mainelement and then scaling it and creating new connec-tions, new and unoreseen models emerged. I ound itvery impressive how the inuence o light and dierentviewing angles can change the impression you get romthe object.

CUT AND PASTE



The overall impression iso an elegant stick whichalso eels very agreeablebecause o the sandedsurace.

The top should have a lockmechanism to preventit rom being pulled out.At the bottom, one canchange the battery.

The more the lighting tube gets pulled out o the containing tube, the more lightspreads into the ambience. The light switches on, as soon as it gets pulled out,and switches o when pushed back inside. Unortunately the containing tubeisn‘t dense enough and so the light shines a bit through it.

Description: Exploring the relationship between and in-teraction with orm and light. How can you change, shapeand aect the light embedded in an object?

This was the most interesting excercise to me. I oundmysel captured entirely by the challenge to invent andcreate a orm which emits light and oers an aordanceto interact with it in an interesting way.The hardest part was the fnding o an idea to work on. Ittook me about a whole day to fnally come to a satisyingconcept. From then on everything went like clockwork.I used some industrial plastic tubes, cut them, sandedthem (especially the transparent part, so the light getsdiused by it), lasered the top and bottom covers, gluedthem and fnally soldered the electronics.It‘s about a portable device which emits light either on a

spot, like a spotlight, or disperses the light into the ambi-ence. Pull out the upper tube to get more ambience light,push it in to get more spot-on light.

LIGHT FORMS

Industrial Design Basics

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