Industrial & Business Psychology
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Transcript of Industrial & Business Psychology
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Industrial Psychology
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Business &Industry ?
Business Industry
A business can be defined as an organization that provides goods and services to others who want or need them
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What is an Industry ?
Industry refers to the production of economic goods(either material or a service) within an economy or firms producing same type of product or using the same raw materials
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An organized action of producing goods and services for sale or combination of firms using same raw materials to produce a product or enterprises in the same field
Industry
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Psychology
16–5
Study of individual, their personality andgroup behavior.
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Nature of an Industry ?
4 Key Economic Areas
1 Primary Sector- mining & farming2 Secondary Sector- refining, construction & manufacturing
3 Tertiary Sector - Services4 Quaternary Sector – Research and Knowledge5 Quinary Sector - Non Profit Organizations
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Nature of an Industry ?
3 Sectors
1 Private Sector2 Public Sector3 Cooperative Sector
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Industries identified by product/Service: Industries identified by product/Service:
•Chemical industry •Automotive industry •Electronic industry•Hospitality industry•Food industry •Fish industry •Software industry•Paper industry•Retail Industry •Entertainment industry…….
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•Labour-intensive industry •Capital-intensive industry•Small industry•Medium Industry •Heavy industry
OTHER CLASSIFICATION
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• Employment•Goods and Services•Capital Generation•Growth of the Economy•Foreign Exchange•Contribution to GDP•Application of advancement in Technology….
Scope of Industry
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Paramjit Sharma
Fatigue
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Paramjit Sharma
Definition
Fatigue is temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work
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Causes of Physical Fatigue
•Not getting Enough Sleep•Working for Long Hours•Chronic Diseases & other health Problems•Poor Physical Conditions•Lack of Exercises•Obesity•Stress due to Environment•Side Effects of Medicines
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Causes of EmotionalFatigue
•Depression or Anxiety•Hiding Emotions from Others•A Major Life Change•Work Place Stress
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How it can be prevented ?
• Adequate sleep or rest, particularly if working longer hours or doing more physical work.
•· If overweight, begin a weight loss program after a physical exam by doctor.
•· Walk or exercise regularly 3 or 4 times a week for at least 30 min
•· Take vitamin and mineral supplements as recommended by health care provider.
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Individual Differences
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Physique
Temperaments
Skills
JobKnowledge
Individuals
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18
Job-KnowledgeJob-Knowledge
Job- One or more duties which require the services of one
employee to perform
Duty-A significant segment of work performed in a job ,usually comprising several Tasks
Tasks- identifiable work activity which comprises a logical & necessary steps in performance of a duty
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Job-KnowledgeJob-Knowledge
Job Description- Organised, factual Statement of duties of a specific Job
Job Specification-Statement of Minimum acceptable Human Qualities necessary to perform a job
Job Analysis- Process of studying and collecting Information relating to the operations and responsibilities of a specific Job
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20
JOBJOB
Holder ORG
Matching
Matching
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Existing levelOf
competence
Desired level ofcompetence
Gap( Training)
Training Gaps
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PhysiologicalDifferences
•Visual,•Height•Weight•Strength of Grip•Hearing•Movement of Fingers•Movement of Legs•Movement of Hands•Voice•Appearance
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What is an Intelligence ?
Capacity for Learning ,Understanding, aptitude in Grasping, reasoning , abstract thought
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Intelligence
•Mental Ability•Aptitude•Knowledge•Numerical Ability•Power of Reasoning•Language•Scores in Tests
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Interests
• Introvert•Extrovert•Painting•Acting•Public Speaking•Home and Family•Politics•Social
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Paramjit Sharma
Personality
Personality may be defined as the sum total of behavior or sum total of all the qualities or characteristics that an individual has inherited and acquired by experience.
P= F (HE)WhereF is functionH is hereditary characteristicsE is Environmental learning's
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Paramjit Sharma
Big FivePersonalityTraits
OpennessConscientiousnessAgreeablenessExtroversionNeuroticism
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Paramjit Sharma
Big Five personality traits
Openness
• Curious vs Cautious.• Transparency• Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas,
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Paramjit Sharma
Big Five personality traits
Conscientiousness
•Efficient/ Organized vs.
Easy-going / careless.
• A tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement
•Planned rather than spontaneous behaviour.
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Paramjit Sharma
Big Five personality traits
•Agreeableness
•Friendly / Compassionate vs. Competitive / Outspoken).
•A tendency to be Cooperative rather than suspicious
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Paramjit Sharma
Big Five personality traits •Neuroticism
•Sensitive / nervous vs. Secure / confident).
•A tendency to experience unpleasant emotions, such as anger, anxiety, depression
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Paramjit Sharma
Big Five personality traits
•
Extroversion
•Outgoing / Energetic vs. Shy / Reserved.
• Positive emotions, and •The tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.
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Paramjit Sharma
Extroverts &Introverts
Extroverts•Alert to their environment•Mix with people•Ups and down in mood•Express emotions•Impulsive in action•Likes action•Likes change•Adapts readily
Introverts•Absent minded•Avoid social Contacts•Apparently even tempered•Not Expressive•Thinks before acting•Likes reflection•Dislikes change•Not Easily Adaptable
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Paramjit Sharma
Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviours, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information.
What is Learning ?
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Learning
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CognitiveLearning
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PsychomotorLearning
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AffectiveLearning
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What is an Perception ?
Perception is the process by which a human being interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. Sensation usually refers to the immediate, relatively unprocessed result of stimulation of sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin
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Perception
•Thinking differs•Explanations differ•Ability Differs•Inspections differs•Interpretation differs•Understanding Differs•Style Differs•Speed Differs•Vision Differs
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Perception
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Perception
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Paramjit Sharma
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Paramjit Sharma
A predisposition or a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or situation
What is Attitude
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Attitudes
•Beliefs•Stereotypes•Prejudices•Favorable or•Unfavorable•Disliking•Satisfaction level•Reactions
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Motivation
•Needs Analysis•Motives– curiosity•Motive of power•Prestige motive•Learning Motive•Social Motives•Frustration Level•Hygiene Level•Achievement•Recognition•Growth/Advancement•Interest in the job•Conditions•Salaries and Allowances•Status•Company policies
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Motivation
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Maslow
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Drucker
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Likert
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Taylor
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Argyris
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Herzberg
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McClelland
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McGregor
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Mayo
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