INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING PNEUMATICS SYSTEMBy: Larry A. Suboc

AUTOMATION, PNEUMATICS AND ITS BENEFIT Automation- is an intermediate technology which is appropriate and applicable to all industries.Pneumatics- is the transmission and control of forces and motion using compressed air as medium.Pneumatics system- employ air that is compressed under extremely high pressure. This air comes from the atmosphere and is reduced in volume by compression thus increasing its pressure.

Improving productivityMaintaining good qualityIncrease safetyReduce delivery timeReduce costBENEFITS:

WHY AUTOMATIONJOBS ARE HEAVY, DIRTY AND DANGEROUSWORK NEEDS PRECISION AND CONSISTENCYPREVENTS DOWNTIMENote: Automation and people go together but with distinction.

MEANS OF AUTOMATIONPneumatics: cylinders, valvesMechanical: a system using gears, pulleys, levers, wedges, rollers and camsElectrical: using motors, switches, relays and contactorsElectronic: sensors, servoHydraulic: by means of cylinders, valves, pumps, power packs

MECHANISM OF AUTOMATIONCONTROL MEDIUMWORKING MEDIUMWORKING ELEMENTPUSH BUTTON, TOGGLE SWITCH, LIMIT SWITCHMECHANICAL ENERGYSOLENOID VALVE, CONTROL VALVE, DIRECTIONAL VALVEAIR CYLINDERS

1. Compress air2. tank (main & buffer)3. pneumatic valve4. actuator5. SensorsBasic Parts of Pneumatic System:

2. TANK: (COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE)Acts as a storage vessel for peak periods and/or power failure.b. Allows the air to cool and some of the water to be drained away.c. Stabilizes the air and helps with the removal of pulses from the compressor 1. AIR: (COMPRESSED AIR)Act as working substance to operate pneumatic actuators, triggered by pneumatic valves

3. SOLENOID VALVESProbably be the most critical (and consequently the most expensive) part of a pneumatics system. It is use to restrain the pressure built up on one side and be able 'pop' completely open and not restrict the air as it rushes through on its way to the cylinder. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLENOID VALVES:2/2-way valve (normally closed/open position)3/2-way valve (normally closed/open position)4/3-way valve (normally closed/open position)5/2-way valve (normally closed/open position)

4. ACTUATOR (Cylinder):Device that transforms air flow and pressure into linear or rotary mechanical motion. The term is also used to describe the operating device of a control valve. THREE TYPE OF ACTUATOR:Single Acting, Single Acting Spring Return, and Double Acting.

5. SENSORS Is an instrument which reacts to certain physical conditions or impressions in which is used to provide information. TYPES OF SENSORSINDUCTIVE-rugged, no wear and tear, no effect on dirt, no effect on vibration and can only senses metal.MAGNETIC- only energized if it senses a magnetOPTICAL- this sensor produces light which serve as the trigger signal and they are sensitive to any object that disturbs the light

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