Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

52
IN C INDUST Norther Indu Southeast University Department of Textile NDUSTRIAL TRAINING Course Code: Tex -4036 TRIAL ATTACHME rn Corporation Limit ustrial Attachment Page 1 ENT ted

Transcript of Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Page 1: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 1Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

INDUSTRIAL TRAININGCourse Code: Tex -4036

INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENTNorthern Corporation Limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 1Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

INDUSTRIAL TRAININGCourse Code: Tex -4036

INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENTNorthern Corporation Limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 1Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

INDUSTRIAL TRAININGCourse Code: Tex -4036

INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENTNorthern Corporation Limited

Page 2: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 2Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Industrial Attachment

Page 2Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Industrial Attachment

Page 2Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Page 3: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 3Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Circular Knitting floorOrganogram of Fabric Division

Buyer WiseProductionOfficer (3)

KnittingSupervisor

(3)

M/cOperator& Helper

OutSupervisor

(10)

Industrial Attachment

Page 3Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Circular Knitting floorOrganogram of Fabric Division

AGM(Fabric

Division)

Buyer WiseProductionOfficer (3)

OutSupervisor

(10)

SrExecutive

(1)

Excutive(1)

QualityExcutive

Mechanical Team

FittermanIncharge

(1)

Fitterman(4)

QualitySupervisor

(3)

Industrial Attachment

Page 3Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Circular Knitting floorOrganogram of Fabric Division

QualityExcutive

Mechanical Team

Fitterman(4)

Page 4: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 4Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

0

EXIT

EXITEXIT Flat Knitting Area

EXIT

EXITEXITDark

Room

Lift

Office

Manager

Lif

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

EXITEXITEXIT

AccessoriesStoreYarn

DistributionArea

Maintenance

Lift

ToiletToilet

Inspection

M/c

Keep

Fabric

Roll

Keep

Fabric

Roll

S NE

WLAYOUT PLAN Industrial Attachment

Page 4Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

0

EXIT

EXITEXIT Flat Knitting Area

EXIT

EXITEXITDark

Room

Lift

Office

Manager

Lif

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

EXITEXITEXIT

AccessoriesStoreYarn

DistributionArea

Maintenance

Lift

ToiletToilet

Inspection

M/c

Keep

Fabric

Roll

Keep

Fabric

Roll

S NE

WLAYOUT PLAN Industrial Attachment

Page 4Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

0

EXIT

EXITEXIT Flat Knitting Area

EXIT

EXITEXITDark

Room

Lift

Office

Manager

Lif

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

CircularKnittingMachine

EXITEXITEXIT

AccessoriesStoreYarn

DistributionArea

Maintenance

Lift

ToiletToilet

Inspection

M/c

Keep

Fabric

Roll

Keep

Fabric

Roll

S NE

WLAYOUT PLAN

Page 5: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 5Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Specification of Circular Knitting M/c

M/cNo.

M/CBrand

Origin Machine Type Dia Gauge Feeder

01 Top Knit Korea Single Jersey 34 28 10202 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 28 10203 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 24 10204 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 24 10205 Monarch England ʺ 30 28 9006 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 28 9007 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 28 9008 Top Knit Korea Interlock /Rib 34 24 8209 ʺ ʺ Single Jersey 34 24 8210 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 24 8211 Terrot Germany ʺ 30 28 9612 Mayer &Cie ʺ ʺ 34 24 10813 Top Knit Korea ʺ 30 24 9014 Mayer &Cie Germany Interlock/Rib 32 18 6815 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ 32 18 6816 Fukuhara Japan Single Jersey 36 24 10217 Terrot Germany ʺ 30 12 9618 Top Knit Korea ʺ 30 24 8819 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ 34 24 10820 Fukuhara Japan Interlock/Rib 30 22 7221 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 22 7222 Top knit Korea Interlock/Rib 30 24/28 7223 Mayer &Cie Germany Single Jersey 38 24 12324 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 20 9625 ʺ ʺ ʺ 36 24 11426 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 34 18 7227 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 36 24 7228 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 30 18 6429 Fukuhara Japan Semi Jacquard - - -30 ʺ ʺ ʺ - - -31 ʺ ʺ Engineering

Stripe30 20 48

32 ʺ ʺ ʺ - - -

Industrial Attachment

Page 5Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Specification of Circular Knitting M/c

M/cNo.

M/CBrand

Origin Machine Type Dia Gauge Feeder

01 Top Knit Korea Single Jersey 34 28 10202 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 28 10203 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 24 10204 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 24 10205 Monarch England ʺ 30 28 9006 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 28 9007 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 28 9008 Top Knit Korea Interlock /Rib 34 24 8209 ʺ ʺ Single Jersey 34 24 8210 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 24 8211 Terrot Germany ʺ 30 28 9612 Mayer &Cie ʺ ʺ 34 24 10813 Top Knit Korea ʺ 30 24 9014 Mayer &Cie Germany Interlock/Rib 32 18 6815 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ 32 18 6816 Fukuhara Japan Single Jersey 36 24 10217 Terrot Germany ʺ 30 12 9618 Top Knit Korea ʺ 30 24 8819 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ 34 24 10820 Fukuhara Japan Interlock/Rib 30 22 7221 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 22 7222 Top knit Korea Interlock/Rib 30 24/28 7223 Mayer &Cie Germany Single Jersey 38 24 12324 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 20 9625 ʺ ʺ ʺ 36 24 11426 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 34 18 7227 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 36 24 7228 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 30 18 6429 Fukuhara Japan Semi Jacquard - - -30 ʺ ʺ ʺ - - -31 ʺ ʺ Engineering

Stripe30 20 48

32 ʺ ʺ ʺ - - -

Industrial Attachment

Page 5Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Specification of Circular Knitting M/c

M/cNo.

M/CBrand

Origin Machine Type Dia Gauge Feeder

01 Top Knit Korea Single Jersey 34 28 10202 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 28 10203 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 24 10204 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 24 10205 Monarch England ʺ 30 28 9006 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 28 9007 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 28 9008 Top Knit Korea Interlock /Rib 34 24 8209 ʺ ʺ Single Jersey 34 24 8210 ʺ ʺ ʺ 34 24 8211 Terrot Germany ʺ 30 28 9612 Mayer &Cie ʺ ʺ 34 24 10813 Top Knit Korea ʺ 30 24 9014 Mayer &Cie Germany Interlock/Rib 32 18 6815 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ 32 18 6816 Fukuhara Japan Single Jersey 36 24 10217 Terrot Germany ʺ 30 12 9618 Top Knit Korea ʺ 30 24 8819 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ 34 24 10820 Fukuhara Japan Interlock/Rib 30 22 7221 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 22 7222 Top knit Korea Interlock/Rib 30 24/28 7223 Mayer &Cie Germany Single Jersey 38 24 12324 ʺ ʺ ʺ 30 20 9625 ʺ ʺ ʺ 36 24 11426 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 34 18 7227 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 36 24 7228 ʺ ʺ Interlock/Rib 30 18 6429 Fukuhara Japan Semi Jacquard - - -30 ʺ ʺ ʺ - - -31 ʺ ʺ Engineering

Stripe30 20 48

32 ʺ ʺ ʺ - - -

Page 6: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 6Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Dimension of Knitting Machinery”M/cNo.

M/CBrand

Origin MachineType

CreelPosition

Length(Inch)

Width(Inch)

Height(Inch)

Creelcapacity

01 Top Knit Korea S/J Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20802 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20803 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20804 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20805 Monarch England ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19206 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19207 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19208 Top Knit Korea Interlock Side Creel 190" 127" 105" 17609 ʺ ʺ S/J Side Creel 174" 143" 105" 17610 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 190" 126" 105" 17611 Terrot Germany ʺ Side Creel 238" 160" 105" 19212 Mayer &Cie ʺ ʺ Side Creel 270" 150" 125" 22413 Top Knit Korea ʺ Side Creel 222" 158" 106" 19214 Mayer &Cie Germany Interlock Side Creel 205" 145" 130" 14415 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14416 Fukuhara Japan S/J Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20817 Terrot Germany ʺ Side Creel 205" 160" 105" 19218 Top Knit Korea ʺ Side Creel 220" 160" 105" 19219 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22420 Fukuhara Japan Interlock Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20821 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20822 Top knit Korea Interlock Side Creel 190" 127" 105" 17623 Mayer &Cie Germany S/J Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22424 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22425 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22426 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14427 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14428 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14429 Fukuhara Japan Semi

JacquardSide Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

30 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20831 ʺ ʺ Engineerin

g StripeSide Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

32 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

Industrial Attachment

Page 6Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Dimension of Knitting Machinery”M/cNo.

M/CBrand

Origin MachineType

CreelPosition

Length(Inch)

Width(Inch)

Height(Inch)

Creelcapacity

01 Top Knit Korea S/J Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20802 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20803 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20804 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20805 Monarch England ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19206 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19207 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19208 Top Knit Korea Interlock Side Creel 190" 127" 105" 17609 ʺ ʺ S/J Side Creel 174" 143" 105" 17610 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 190" 126" 105" 17611 Terrot Germany ʺ Side Creel 238" 160" 105" 19212 Mayer &Cie ʺ ʺ Side Creel 270" 150" 125" 22413 Top Knit Korea ʺ Side Creel 222" 158" 106" 19214 Mayer &Cie Germany Interlock Side Creel 205" 145" 130" 14415 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14416 Fukuhara Japan S/J Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20817 Terrot Germany ʺ Side Creel 205" 160" 105" 19218 Top Knit Korea ʺ Side Creel 220" 160" 105" 19219 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22420 Fukuhara Japan Interlock Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20821 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20822 Top knit Korea Interlock Side Creel 190" 127" 105" 17623 Mayer &Cie Germany S/J Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22424 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22425 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22426 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14427 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14428 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14429 Fukuhara Japan Semi

JacquardSide Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

30 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20831 ʺ ʺ Engineerin

g StripeSide Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

32 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

Industrial Attachment

Page 6Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Dimension of Knitting Machinery”M/cNo.

M/CBrand

Origin MachineType

CreelPosition

Length(Inch)

Width(Inch)

Height(Inch)

Creelcapacity

01 Top Knit Korea S/J Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20802 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20803 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20804 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 205" 140" 106" 20805 Monarch England ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19206 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19207 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 295" 140" 106" 19208 Top Knit Korea Interlock Side Creel 190" 127" 105" 17609 ʺ ʺ S/J Side Creel 174" 143" 105" 17610 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 190" 126" 105" 17611 Terrot Germany ʺ Side Creel 238" 160" 105" 19212 Mayer &Cie ʺ ʺ Side Creel 270" 150" 125" 22413 Top Knit Korea ʺ Side Creel 222" 158" 106" 19214 Mayer &Cie Germany Interlock Side Creel 205" 145" 130" 14415 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14416 Fukuhara Japan S/J Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20817 Terrot Germany ʺ Side Creel 205" 160" 105" 19218 Top Knit Korea ʺ Side Creel 220" 160" 105" 19219 Mayer &Cie Germany ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22420 Fukuhara Japan Interlock Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20821 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20822 Top knit Korea Interlock Side Creel 190" 127" 105" 17623 Mayer &Cie Germany S/J Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22424 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22425 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 255" 175" 140" 22426 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14427 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14428 ʺ ʺ Interlock Side Creel 260" 130" 130" 14429 Fukuhara Japan Semi

JacquardSide Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

30 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 20831 ʺ ʺ Engineerin

g StripeSide Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

32 ʺ ʺ ʺ Side Creel 245" 180" 105" 208

Page 7: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 7Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Northern Corporation LimitedTongi, Gopalpur, Gazipur, Dhaka

Knitting charge/kg for TIL:Fabric Type M/C Gauge Yarn Count Charges/kg

S/J 24 20/1-34/1 9S/J 24 36/1-40/1 10S/J 20 16/1-20/1 10

S/J Y/D 24 (20/1-34/1) 16S/J Y/D 20 Y/D(18/1-30/1) 16

Heavy S/J 20 Double Yarn (26/2-40/2) 16S/J 28 50/1-80/1 16

S/J Slub 24 24/1-36/1 12S/J Slub 20 20/1-30/1 13

Eng.stripe S/J (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 100Eng.stripe S/J (4-colour) 20 Single Yarn 110Eng.stripe PK (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 110Eng.stripe PK (4-colour) 20 Single Yarn 120

Eng.stripe L-S/J (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 180Eng.stripe L-PK (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 190

Eng.stripe S/J (Double Yarn) 20 Double Yarn 125L-S/J 24-28 TUBE 25L-S/J 24-28 OPEN 28L-S/J 24-28 Y/D 35

S/Lacoste, PK 24 Single Yarn 14S/Lacoste, PK 20 Single Yarn 15S/Lacoste, PK 20 Double Yarn 16L-S/Lacoste 20-24 H/Feeder 33

2T-FLEE 20-26 Single Yarn 15L-2T-FLEE 20-26 Single Yarn 35

1×1 RIB 18 Single Yarn 141×1 L-RIB 18 Single Yarn 201×1 RIB 18 Y/D, Single Yarn 202×1 RIB 18 Single Yarn 21Waffle 18 Single Yarn 28

2×1 L-RIB 18 Single Yarn 30D/Yarn RIB 18 Single Yarn 22

2×1 RIB 18 60/2 352×1 L-RIB 18 60/2 45P/Interlock 24 Cotton 16P/Interlock 24 Polyester 38

Mesh/ Mini eyelet/ Birds eye 24 Polyester 45Flat Rib 14 Cotton 110

Collar per sets 14 Cotton 4

Industrial Attachment

Page 7Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Northern Corporation LimitedTongi, Gopalpur, Gazipur, Dhaka

Knitting charge/kg for TIL:Fabric Type M/C Gauge Yarn Count Charges/kg

S/J 24 20/1-34/1 9S/J 24 36/1-40/1 10S/J 20 16/1-20/1 10

S/J Y/D 24 (20/1-34/1) 16S/J Y/D 20 Y/D(18/1-30/1) 16

Heavy S/J 20 Double Yarn (26/2-40/2) 16S/J 28 50/1-80/1 16

S/J Slub 24 24/1-36/1 12S/J Slub 20 20/1-30/1 13

Eng.stripe S/J (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 100Eng.stripe S/J (4-colour) 20 Single Yarn 110Eng.stripe PK (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 110Eng.stripe PK (4-colour) 20 Single Yarn 120

Eng.stripe L-S/J (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 180Eng.stripe L-PK (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 190

Eng.stripe S/J (Double Yarn) 20 Double Yarn 125L-S/J 24-28 TUBE 25L-S/J 24-28 OPEN 28L-S/J 24-28 Y/D 35

S/Lacoste, PK 24 Single Yarn 14S/Lacoste, PK 20 Single Yarn 15S/Lacoste, PK 20 Double Yarn 16L-S/Lacoste 20-24 H/Feeder 33

2T-FLEE 20-26 Single Yarn 15L-2T-FLEE 20-26 Single Yarn 35

1×1 RIB 18 Single Yarn 141×1 L-RIB 18 Single Yarn 201×1 RIB 18 Y/D, Single Yarn 202×1 RIB 18 Single Yarn 21Waffle 18 Single Yarn 28

2×1 L-RIB 18 Single Yarn 30D/Yarn RIB 18 Single Yarn 22

2×1 RIB 18 60/2 352×1 L-RIB 18 60/2 45P/Interlock 24 Cotton 16P/Interlock 24 Polyester 38

Mesh/ Mini eyelet/ Birds eye 24 Polyester 45Flat Rib 14 Cotton 110

Collar per sets 14 Cotton 4

Industrial Attachment

Page 7Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Northern Corporation LimitedTongi, Gopalpur, Gazipur, Dhaka

Knitting charge/kg for TIL:Fabric Type M/C Gauge Yarn Count Charges/kg

S/J 24 20/1-34/1 9S/J 24 36/1-40/1 10S/J 20 16/1-20/1 10

S/J Y/D 24 (20/1-34/1) 16S/J Y/D 20 Y/D(18/1-30/1) 16

Heavy S/J 20 Double Yarn (26/2-40/2) 16S/J 28 50/1-80/1 16

S/J Slub 24 24/1-36/1 12S/J Slub 20 20/1-30/1 13

Eng.stripe S/J (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 100Eng.stripe S/J (4-colour) 20 Single Yarn 110Eng.stripe PK (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 110Eng.stripe PK (4-colour) 20 Single Yarn 120

Eng.stripe L-S/J (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 180Eng.stripe L-PK (4-colour) 24 Single Yarn 190

Eng.stripe S/J (Double Yarn) 20 Double Yarn 125L-S/J 24-28 TUBE 25L-S/J 24-28 OPEN 28L-S/J 24-28 Y/D 35

S/Lacoste, PK 24 Single Yarn 14S/Lacoste, PK 20 Single Yarn 15S/Lacoste, PK 20 Double Yarn 16L-S/Lacoste 20-24 H/Feeder 33

2T-FLEE 20-26 Single Yarn 15L-2T-FLEE 20-26 Single Yarn 35

1×1 RIB 18 Single Yarn 141×1 L-RIB 18 Single Yarn 201×1 RIB 18 Y/D, Single Yarn 202×1 RIB 18 Single Yarn 21Waffle 18 Single Yarn 28

2×1 L-RIB 18 Single Yarn 30D/Yarn RIB 18 Single Yarn 22

2×1 RIB 18 60/2 352×1 L-RIB 18 60/2 45P/Interlock 24 Cotton 16P/Interlock 24 Polyester 38

Mesh/ Mini eyelet/ Birds eye 24 Polyester 45Flat Rib 14 Cotton 110

Collar per sets 14 Cotton 4

Page 8: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 8Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Needle and Sinker numbering systemM/CNo.

MachineBrand

Gauge M/CType

Position NeedleBrand

Name Needle No.

1,2,3 Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-136.50 G001VO-136.50 G002VO-136.50 G003VO-136.50 G004

Sinker 209202660 G0028 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle V0-94.41 G031

V0-94.41 G032Sinker 209202673 G00

4,13,18 Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-136.50 G001VO-136.50 G002VO-136.50 G003VO-136.50 G004

Sinker 209202660 G0028 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle VO Ls-136.41 G0029

VO Ls-136.41 G0030VO Ls-136.41 G0031VO Ls-136.41 G0032

Sinker 209202673 G001,,2,3,4,13,18

Keum Yong(Top Knit)

32 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-141.36 G001V0-141.36 G002V0-141.36 G003V0-141.36 G004

Sinker 209202673 G008,9,10,12

Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.48 G001V0-105.48 G002V0-65.48 G0013V0TA-105.48 G006

28 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.41 G005V0-105.41 G006V0-65.41 G007V0TA-65.41 G004

12,19,23,25

Mayer &Cie 24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VOLS-140.50 G0036VOLS-140.50 G0038

Sinker 206085204 G0012,19 Mayer &Cie 28 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle VO-140.41 G0040

VO-140.41 G0042Sinker 206080204 G00

27,15 Mayer &Cie 24 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.48 G001V0-105.48 G002

Dial V0-65.48 G0013VOTA-65.48 G006

28 Mayer &Cie 18 Rib Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-91.50 G0011VOTA-62.50 G0011

Dial V0-147.41 G005

Industrial Attachment

Page 8Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Needle and Sinker numbering systemM/CNo.

MachineBrand

Gauge M/CType

Position NeedleBrand

Name Needle No.

1,2,3 Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-136.50 G001VO-136.50 G002VO-136.50 G003VO-136.50 G004

Sinker 209202660 G0028 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle V0-94.41 G031

V0-94.41 G032Sinker 209202673 G00

4,13,18 Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-136.50 G001VO-136.50 G002VO-136.50 G003VO-136.50 G004

Sinker 209202660 G0028 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle VO Ls-136.41 G0029

VO Ls-136.41 G0030VO Ls-136.41 G0031VO Ls-136.41 G0032

Sinker 209202673 G001,,2,3,4,13,18

Keum Yong(Top Knit)

32 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-141.36 G001V0-141.36 G002V0-141.36 G003V0-141.36 G004

Sinker 209202673 G008,9,10,12

Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.48 G001V0-105.48 G002V0-65.48 G0013V0TA-105.48 G006

28 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.41 G005V0-105.41 G006V0-65.41 G007V0TA-65.41 G004

12,19,23,25

Mayer &Cie 24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VOLS-140.50 G0036VOLS-140.50 G0038

Sinker 206085204 G0012,19 Mayer &Cie 28 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle VO-140.41 G0040

VO-140.41 G0042Sinker 206080204 G00

27,15 Mayer &Cie 24 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.48 G001V0-105.48 G002

Dial V0-65.48 G0013VOTA-65.48 G006

28 Mayer &Cie 18 Rib Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-91.50 G0011VOTA-62.50 G0011

Dial V0-147.41 G005

Industrial Attachment

Page 8Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Needle and Sinker numbering systemM/CNo.

MachineBrand

Gauge M/CType

Position NeedleBrand

Name Needle No.

1,2,3 Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-136.50 G001VO-136.50 G002VO-136.50 G003VO-136.50 G004

Sinker 209202660 G0028 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle V0-94.41 G031

V0-94.41 G032Sinker 209202673 G00

4,13,18 Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-136.50 G001VO-136.50 G002VO-136.50 G003VO-136.50 G004

Sinker 209202660 G0028 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle VO Ls-136.41 G0029

VO Ls-136.41 G0030VO Ls-136.41 G0031VO Ls-136.41 G0032

Sinker 209202673 G001,,2,3,4,13,18

Keum Yong(Top Knit)

32 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-141.36 G001V0-141.36 G002V0-141.36 G003V0-141.36 G004

Sinker 209202673 G008,9,10,12

Keum Yong(Top Knit)

24 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.48 G001V0-105.48 G002V0-65.48 G0013V0TA-105.48 G006

28 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.41 G005V0-105.41 G006V0-65.41 G007V0TA-65.41 G004

12,19,23,25

Mayer &Cie 24 S/J Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VOLS-140.50 G0036VOLS-140.50 G0038

Sinker 206085204 G0012,19 Mayer &Cie 28 S/J Cylinder Groz-

BeckertNeedle VO-140.41 G0040

VO-140.41 G0042Sinker 206080204 G00

27,15 Mayer &Cie 24 Interlock Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle V0-105.48 G001V0-105.48 G002

Dial V0-65.48 G0013VOTA-65.48 G006

28 Mayer &Cie 18 Rib Cylinder Groz-Beckert

Needle VO-91.50 G0011VOTA-62.50 G0011

Dial V0-147.41 G005

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Page 9Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Machine With Brand NameM/c Brand Origin No. of M/c

Top Knit Korea 09Fukuhara Japan 06

Mayer &Cie Germany 10Terrot Germany 04

Monarch England 03Total M/c = 32

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Page 9Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Machine With Brand NameM/c Brand Origin No. of M/c

Top Knit Korea 09Fukuhara Japan 06

Mayer &Cie Germany 10Terrot Germany 04

Monarch England 03Total M/c = 32

Industrial Attachment

Page 9Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Machine With Brand NameM/c Brand Origin No. of M/c

Top Knit Korea 09Fukuhara Japan 06

Mayer &Cie Germany 10Terrot Germany 04

Monarch England 03Total M/c = 32

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Page 10Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Knitting

Industrial Attachment

Page 10Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Knitting

Industrial Attachment

Page 10Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Knitting

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Page 11Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

What is kitting:Knitting is the process of manufacturing fabric by transforming continuous strands ofyarn into a series of interlocking loops, each row of such loops hanging from the oneimmediately preceding it. The basic element of knit fabric structure is the loopintermeshed with the loop adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it.Knitted fabric defers vastly from woven fabrics. Woven fabric is formed substantially byinterlacing of a seem of length wise and cross wise threads. Knitting in its simplest formConsist in forming loops though those previously formed.

Classification of Knitting:a) Warp Knitting.b) Weft Knitting.a) Warp Knitting:In a warp knitted structure, each loop in the horizontal direction is made from a differentthread and the number of threads are used to produce such a fabric is at least equal to theno of loops in a horizontal row

b) Weft Knitting:In a weft knitted structure, a horizontal row f loop can be made using one thread and thethreads run in the horizontal direction.

Industrial Attachment

Page 11Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

What is kitting:Knitting is the process of manufacturing fabric by transforming continuous strands ofyarn into a series of interlocking loops, each row of such loops hanging from the oneimmediately preceding it. The basic element of knit fabric structure is the loopintermeshed with the loop adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it.Knitted fabric defers vastly from woven fabrics. Woven fabric is formed substantially byinterlacing of a seem of length wise and cross wise threads. Knitting in its simplest formConsist in forming loops though those previously formed.

Classification of Knitting:a) Warp Knitting.b) Weft Knitting.a) Warp Knitting:In a warp knitted structure, each loop in the horizontal direction is made from a differentthread and the number of threads are used to produce such a fabric is at least equal to theno of loops in a horizontal row

b) Weft Knitting:In a weft knitted structure, a horizontal row f loop can be made using one thread and thethreads run in the horizontal direction.

Industrial Attachment

Page 11Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

What is kitting:Knitting is the process of manufacturing fabric by transforming continuous strands ofyarn into a series of interlocking loops, each row of such loops hanging from the oneimmediately preceding it. The basic element of knit fabric structure is the loopintermeshed with the loop adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it.Knitted fabric defers vastly from woven fabrics. Woven fabric is formed substantially byinterlacing of a seem of length wise and cross wise threads. Knitting in its simplest formConsist in forming loops though those previously formed.

Classification of Knitting:a) Warp Knitting.b) Weft Knitting.a) Warp Knitting:In a warp knitted structure, each loop in the horizontal direction is made from a differentthread and the number of threads are used to produce such a fabric is at least equal to theno of loops in a horizontal row

b) Weft Knitting:In a weft knitted structure, a horizontal row f loop can be made using one thread and thethreads run in the horizontal direction.

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Page 12Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

History of knittingKnitting, as defined by Wiktionary, is "Combining a piece of thread with two needles intoa piece of fabric." The word is derived from knot, thought to originate from the Dutchverb knutten, which is similar to the Old Englishcnyttan, to knot. Its origins lie in thebasic human need for clothing for protection against the elements. More recently,knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.

Historical Background of Knitting Technology:

1589: Willian Lee, Inventor of the mechanical stitch formation tools.1758: JedediahStrutt, Double knit technique Derby rib machine.1798: MonsierDecroix, The circular knitting frame is made.1805: Joseph Macquard, Jacquard design invent.1847: Mathew Townend, Latch needle invent.1850: Circular knitting machine.1852: Theodor Groz, Steal needle.1878: Plain & Rib bed fabric.1910: Double face Interlock fabric.1918: Double cylinder m/c &double headed latch needle.1920: Colored patterned fabric (jacquard mechanism applied)1935: Mayer and Cie.

Industrial Attachment

Page 12Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

History of knittingKnitting, as defined by Wiktionary, is "Combining a piece of thread with two needles intoa piece of fabric." The word is derived from knot, thought to originate from the Dutchverb knutten, which is similar to the Old Englishcnyttan, to knot. Its origins lie in thebasic human need for clothing for protection against the elements. More recently,knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.

Historical Background of Knitting Technology:

1589: Willian Lee, Inventor of the mechanical stitch formation tools.1758: JedediahStrutt, Double knit technique Derby rib machine.1798: MonsierDecroix, The circular knitting frame is made.1805: Joseph Macquard, Jacquard design invent.1847: Mathew Townend, Latch needle invent.1850: Circular knitting machine.1852: Theodor Groz, Steal needle.1878: Plain & Rib bed fabric.1910: Double face Interlock fabric.1918: Double cylinder m/c &double headed latch needle.1920: Colored patterned fabric (jacquard mechanism applied)1935: Mayer and Cie.

Industrial Attachment

Page 12Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

History of knittingKnitting, as defined by Wiktionary, is "Combining a piece of thread with two needles intoa piece of fabric." The word is derived from knot, thought to originate from the Dutchverb knutten, which is similar to the Old Englishcnyttan, to knot. Its origins lie in thebasic human need for clothing for protection against the elements. More recently,knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.

Historical Background of Knitting Technology:

1589: Willian Lee, Inventor of the mechanical stitch formation tools.1758: JedediahStrutt, Double knit technique Derby rib machine.1798: MonsierDecroix, The circular knitting frame is made.1805: Joseph Macquard, Jacquard design invent.1847: Mathew Townend, Latch needle invent.1850: Circular knitting machine.1852: Theodor Groz, Steal needle.1878: Plain & Rib bed fabric.1910: Double face Interlock fabric.1918: Double cylinder m/c &double headed latch needle.1920: Colored patterned fabric (jacquard mechanism applied)1935: Mayer and Cie.

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Page 13Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Circular Knitting Machine:Circular knitting machine is widely used throughout the knitting industry to producefabric. This machine can be built in almost any reasonable diameter and the smalldiameter of up to five, which are used for wear.

Machine for outerwear and under wear may vary from 12 inch to 60 inch in diameteraccording to manufactures requirement. This machine can be used either as fabric or formaking garments completely with fancy stitch. Latch needles are commonly employed inall modern circular machines because of their simple action and also their ability toprocess more types of yarns.

The main features of the knitting machine:Originally, the term ‘machine’ used to refer to a mechanism on a bearded needle framesuch as the fashioning mechanism on the straight bar frame. Today, it refers to thecomplete assembly.A knitting machine is thus an apparatus for applying mechanical movement, either hand orpower derived, to primary knitting elements, in order to convert yarn into knitted loopstructures.The machine incorporates and co-ordinates the action of a number of mechanisms anddevices, each performing specific functions that contribute towards the efficiency of theknitting action.The main features of a knitting machine are as follows:1. Frame: The frame, normally free-standing and either circular or rectilinear accordingto needle bed shape, provides the support for the majority of the machines mechanisms.

Industrial Attachment

Page 13Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Circular Knitting Machine:Circular knitting machine is widely used throughout the knitting industry to producefabric. This machine can be built in almost any reasonable diameter and the smalldiameter of up to five, which are used for wear.

Machine for outerwear and under wear may vary from 12 inch to 60 inch in diameteraccording to manufactures requirement. This machine can be used either as fabric or formaking garments completely with fancy stitch. Latch needles are commonly employed inall modern circular machines because of their simple action and also their ability toprocess more types of yarns.

The main features of the knitting machine:Originally, the term ‘machine’ used to refer to a mechanism on a bearded needle framesuch as the fashioning mechanism on the straight bar frame. Today, it refers to thecomplete assembly.A knitting machine is thus an apparatus for applying mechanical movement, either hand orpower derived, to primary knitting elements, in order to convert yarn into knitted loopstructures.The machine incorporates and co-ordinates the action of a number of mechanisms anddevices, each performing specific functions that contribute towards the efficiency of theknitting action.The main features of a knitting machine are as follows:1. Frame: The frame, normally free-standing and either circular or rectilinear accordingto needle bed shape, provides the support for the majority of the machines mechanisms.

Industrial Attachment

Page 13Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Circular Knitting Machine:Circular knitting machine is widely used throughout the knitting industry to producefabric. This machine can be built in almost any reasonable diameter and the smalldiameter of up to five, which are used for wear.

Machine for outerwear and under wear may vary from 12 inch to 60 inch in diameteraccording to manufactures requirement. This machine can be used either as fabric or formaking garments completely with fancy stitch. Latch needles are commonly employed inall modern circular machines because of their simple action and also their ability toprocess more types of yarns.

The main features of the knitting machine:Originally, the term ‘machine’ used to refer to a mechanism on a bearded needle framesuch as the fashioning mechanism on the straight bar frame. Today, it refers to thecomplete assembly.A knitting machine is thus an apparatus for applying mechanical movement, either hand orpower derived, to primary knitting elements, in order to convert yarn into knitted loopstructures.The machine incorporates and co-ordinates the action of a number of mechanisms anddevices, each performing specific functions that contribute towards the efficiency of theknitting action.The main features of a knitting machine are as follows:1. Frame: The frame, normally free-standing and either circular or rectilinear accordingto needle bed shape, provides the support for the majority of the machines mechanisms.

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Page 14Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

2. Power supply: The machine control and drive system co-ordinates the power forthe Drive of the devices and mechanisms.

3. Yarn supply or feeding: The yarn supply consists of the yarn package or beamaccommodation, tensioning devices, yarn feed control and yarn feed carriers or guides.

4. Knitting action: The knitting system includes the knitting elements, their housing,drive and control, as well as associated pattern selection and garment- length controldevices (if equipped).

5. Fabric Take-away: The fabric take away mechanism includes fabric tensioning,windup and accommodation devices.

6. Quality control: The quality control system includes stop motions, fault detectors,automatic oilers and lint removal systems.

Machines may range from high-production, limited-capability models to versatile, multi-purpose models having extensive patterning capabilities. The more complex thestructure being knitted, the lower the knitting speed and efficiency. The simplest of theknitting machines would be hand- powered and manipulated where as power-drivenmachines may be fully automatically-programmed and controlled from a computersystem.

Important Parts of Circular Knitting Machine:

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Page 14Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

2. Power supply: The machine control and drive system co-ordinates the power forthe Drive of the devices and mechanisms.

3. Yarn supply or feeding: The yarn supply consists of the yarn package or beamaccommodation, tensioning devices, yarn feed control and yarn feed carriers or guides.

4. Knitting action: The knitting system includes the knitting elements, their housing,drive and control, as well as associated pattern selection and garment- length controldevices (if equipped).

5. Fabric Take-away: The fabric take away mechanism includes fabric tensioning,windup and accommodation devices.

6. Quality control: The quality control system includes stop motions, fault detectors,automatic oilers and lint removal systems.

Machines may range from high-production, limited-capability models to versatile, multi-purpose models having extensive patterning capabilities. The more complex thestructure being knitted, the lower the knitting speed and efficiency. The simplest of theknitting machines would be hand- powered and manipulated where as power-drivenmachines may be fully automatically-programmed and controlled from a computersystem.

Important Parts of Circular Knitting Machine:

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Page 14Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

2. Power supply: The machine control and drive system co-ordinates the power forthe Drive of the devices and mechanisms.

3. Yarn supply or feeding: The yarn supply consists of the yarn package or beamaccommodation, tensioning devices, yarn feed control and yarn feed carriers or guides.

4. Knitting action: The knitting system includes the knitting elements, their housing,drive and control, as well as associated pattern selection and garment- length controldevices (if equipped).

5. Fabric Take-away: The fabric take away mechanism includes fabric tensioning,windup and accommodation devices.

6. Quality control: The quality control system includes stop motions, fault detectors,automatic oilers and lint removal systems.

Machines may range from high-production, limited-capability models to versatile, multi-purpose models having extensive patterning capabilities. The more complex thestructure being knitted, the lower the knitting speed and efficiency. The simplest of theknitting machines would be hand- powered and manipulated where as power-drivenmachines may be fully automatically-programmed and controlled from a computersystem.

Important Parts of Circular Knitting Machine:

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Page 15Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Creel: Creel is a part of a knitting machine. Hear yarnpackage are store and ready to feed in the machine.

VDQ Pulley: It is a very important part of the machine. Itcontrols the quality of the product. Altering the position ofthe tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric. Ifpulley moves towards the positive directive then theG.S.M. is decrease. And in the reverse direction G.S.Mwill increase.

Pulley Belt: It controls the rotation of the MPF wheel.

Brush: Its clean the pulley belt.

Tension Disk: It confronts the tension of the supplyyarn.

Yarn Guide: Its help the yarn to feed in the feeder.

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Page 15Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Creel: Creel is a part of a knitting machine. Hear yarnpackage are store and ready to feed in the machine.

VDQ Pulley: It is a very important part of the machine. Itcontrols the quality of the product. Altering the position ofthe tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric. Ifpulley moves towards the positive directive then theG.S.M. is decrease. And in the reverse direction G.S.Mwill increase.

Pulley Belt: It controls the rotation of the MPF wheel.

Brush: Its clean the pulley belt.

Tension Disk: It confronts the tension of the supplyyarn.

Yarn Guide: Its help the yarn to feed in the feeder.

Industrial Attachment

Page 15Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Creel: Creel is a part of a knitting machine. Hear yarnpackage are store and ready to feed in the machine.

VDQ Pulley: It is a very important part of the machine. Itcontrols the quality of the product. Altering the position ofthe tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric. Ifpulley moves towards the positive directive then theG.S.M. is decrease. And in the reverse direction G.S.Mwill increase.

Pulley Belt: It controls the rotation of the MPF wheel.

Brush: Its clean the pulley belt.

Tension Disk: It confronts the tension of the supplyyarn.

Yarn Guide: Its help the yarn to feed in the feeder.

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Page 16Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

MPF Wheel: Its control the speed of the MPF. Pulley beltgives motion to the wheel.

MPF: It is Mamenger positive feed. It is also an importantpart of the machine. It’s give positive feed to the machine.

Feeder Ring: It is a ring. Where all feeders are pleasedtogether.

Feeder: Feeder is help yarn to feed in tothe machine.

Sinker Ring: Sinker ring is a ring. Where all sinkers arepleased together.

Cam Box: Where the cam are set horizontally.

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Page 16Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

MPF Wheel: Its control the speed of the MPF. Pulley beltgives motion to the wheel.

MPF: It is Mamenger positive feed. It is also an importantpart of the machine. It’s give positive feed to the machine.

Feeder Ring: It is a ring. Where all feeders are pleasedtogether.

Feeder: Feeder is help yarn to feed in tothe machine.

Sinker Ring: Sinker ring is a ring. Where all sinkers arepleased together.

Cam Box: Where the cam are set horizontally.

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Page 16Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

MPF Wheel: Its control the speed of the MPF. Pulley beltgives motion to the wheel.

MPF: It is Mamenger positive feed. It is also an importantpart of the machine. It’s give positive feed to the machine.

Feeder Ring: It is a ring. Where all feeders are pleasedtogether.

Feeder: Feeder is help yarn to feed in tothe machine.

Sinker Ring: Sinker ring is a ring. Where all sinkers arepleased together.

Cam Box: Where the cam are set horizontally.

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Page 17Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Lycra Attachment Device: Lycra is placed hear. Andfeeding to the machine.

Cylinder: Needle track are situated hear.

Dial: Dial is upper steel needle bed used indouble knit machines. Into the grooves of thedial the needle are mounted horizontally andare allowed to move radially in and out by theirdial cams.

UNIWAVE Lubrication: The UNIWAVE lubricatorprovides uniform lubrication to needles, cam tracks,lifters and other knitting machine components. Thepatented nozzle construction separates the air-oilmixture into air and droplets of oil.

Adjustable Fan: This part removeslint, hairy fibre from yarn and others.To clean the dust by air flow.

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Page 17Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Lycra Attachment Device: Lycra is placed hear. Andfeeding to the machine.

Cylinder: Needle track are situated hear.

Dial: Dial is upper steel needle bed used indouble knit machines. Into the grooves of thedial the needle are mounted horizontally andare allowed to move radially in and out by theirdial cams.

UNIWAVE Lubrication: The UNIWAVE lubricatorprovides uniform lubrication to needles, cam tracks,lifters and other knitting machine components. Thepatented nozzle construction separates the air-oilmixture into air and droplets of oil.

Adjustable Fan: This part removeslint, hairy fibre from yarn and others.To clean the dust by air flow.

Industrial Attachment

Page 17Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Lycra Attachment Device: Lycra is placed hear. Andfeeding to the machine.

Cylinder: Needle track are situated hear.

Dial: Dial is upper steel needle bed used indouble knit machines. Into the grooves of thedial the needle are mounted horizontally andare allowed to move radially in and out by theirdial cams.

UNIWAVE Lubrication: The UNIWAVE lubricatorprovides uniform lubrication to needles, cam tracks,lifters and other knitting machine components. Thepatented nozzle construction separates the air-oilmixture into air and droplets of oil.

Adjustable Fan: This part removeslint, hairy fibre from yarn and others.To clean the dust by air flow.

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Page 18Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Expander: To control the width of theknitted fabric. No distortion of theknitting courses. Even take down tensionin the knitting machine. As a result, aneven fabric structure is achieved over theentire fabric width. The deformation ofthe knitted fabric goods can be reduced.

Air Gun Nozzle: To feed the yarn;sometimes it is used for cleaningpurpose.

Primary Knitting ElementPrimary Knitting Elements are mainly three types. There are as flow:

1. Needle2. Cam3. Sinker

Types of knitting needleThere are mainly three types of needle is used1. Latch Needle2. Compound Needle3. Bearded Needle

Industrial Attachment

Page 18Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Expander: To control the width of theknitted fabric. No distortion of theknitting courses. Even take down tensionin the knitting machine. As a result, aneven fabric structure is achieved over theentire fabric width. The deformation ofthe knitted fabric goods can be reduced.

Air Gun Nozzle: To feed the yarn;sometimes it is used for cleaningpurpose.

Primary Knitting ElementPrimary Knitting Elements are mainly three types. There are as flow:

1. Needle2. Cam3. Sinker

Types of knitting needleThere are mainly three types of needle is used1. Latch Needle2. Compound Needle3. Bearded Needle

Industrial Attachment

Page 18Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Expander: To control the width of theknitted fabric. No distortion of theknitting courses. Even take down tensionin the knitting machine. As a result, aneven fabric structure is achieved over theentire fabric width. The deformation ofthe knitted fabric goods can be reduced.

Air Gun Nozzle: To feed the yarn;sometimes it is used for cleaningpurpose.

Primary Knitting ElementPrimary Knitting Elements are mainly three types. There are as flow:

1. Needle2. Cam3. Sinker

Types of knitting needleThere are mainly three types of needle is used1. Latch Needle2. Compound Needle3. Bearded Needle

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Page 19Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Latch NeedleMatthew Townsend, a Leicester hosier, patented the latch needle in 1849. Townsendspent much of his time developing new knitted fabrics and he investigated a simpler wayof knitting purl fabrics. Purl fabrics required two beds of bearded needles and pressersto alternate the face of loops between courses. A double-headed latch needle wasdeveloped as a result of the research to allow the alternation to be achieved on one bed ofneedles. A single-headed latch needle was also developed to provide an alternative to thebearded needle.The latch needle knitting cycle starts with the old loop trapped inside a closed latch. Theneedle is pushed up and the old loop slides down the stem, opening the latch in theprocess. A thread is then laid in front of the stem between the rivet and the hook. Asthe needle is pulled down the hook catches the thread and forms a new loop. The oldloop now slides back up the stem, closes the latch and falls off the end of the needle. Thecycle is then repeated.Latch Needle is mostly used needle in the knitting industry today:Latch needle were used on raschel and crochet machines.

Fig. Latch Needle

Latch Needle Characteristics:1. Most widely used in weft knitting.2. More expensive needle than the bearded needle.3. Self-acting or loop controlled.4. Work at any angle.5. Needle Depth determines the loop length.6. Variation of the height of reciprocating produces knit, tuck or miss stitch.

Uses of Latch Needle:Latch needle are widely used in –1. Double Cylinder Machine.2. Flat Bar Machine.3. Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.4. Double Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.

Industrial Attachment

Page 19Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Latch NeedleMatthew Townsend, a Leicester hosier, patented the latch needle in 1849. Townsendspent much of his time developing new knitted fabrics and he investigated a simpler wayof knitting purl fabrics. Purl fabrics required two beds of bearded needles and pressersto alternate the face of loops between courses. A double-headed latch needle wasdeveloped as a result of the research to allow the alternation to be achieved on one bed ofneedles. A single-headed latch needle was also developed to provide an alternative to thebearded needle.The latch needle knitting cycle starts with the old loop trapped inside a closed latch. Theneedle is pushed up and the old loop slides down the stem, opening the latch in theprocess. A thread is then laid in front of the stem between the rivet and the hook. Asthe needle is pulled down the hook catches the thread and forms a new loop. The oldloop now slides back up the stem, closes the latch and falls off the end of the needle. Thecycle is then repeated.Latch Needle is mostly used needle in the knitting industry today:Latch needle were used on raschel and crochet machines.

Fig. Latch Needle

Latch Needle Characteristics:1. Most widely used in weft knitting.2. More expensive needle than the bearded needle.3. Self-acting or loop controlled.4. Work at any angle.5. Needle Depth determines the loop length.6. Variation of the height of reciprocating produces knit, tuck or miss stitch.

Uses of Latch Needle:Latch needle are widely used in –1. Double Cylinder Machine.2. Flat Bar Machine.3. Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.4. Double Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.

Industrial Attachment

Page 19Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Latch NeedleMatthew Townsend, a Leicester hosier, patented the latch needle in 1849. Townsendspent much of his time developing new knitted fabrics and he investigated a simpler wayof knitting purl fabrics. Purl fabrics required two beds of bearded needles and pressersto alternate the face of loops between courses. A double-headed latch needle wasdeveloped as a result of the research to allow the alternation to be achieved on one bed ofneedles. A single-headed latch needle was also developed to provide an alternative to thebearded needle.The latch needle knitting cycle starts with the old loop trapped inside a closed latch. Theneedle is pushed up and the old loop slides down the stem, opening the latch in theprocess. A thread is then laid in front of the stem between the rivet and the hook. Asthe needle is pulled down the hook catches the thread and forms a new loop. The oldloop now slides back up the stem, closes the latch and falls off the end of the needle. Thecycle is then repeated.Latch Needle is mostly used needle in the knitting industry today:Latch needle were used on raschel and crochet machines.

Fig. Latch Needle

Latch Needle Characteristics:1. Most widely used in weft knitting.2. More expensive needle than the bearded needle.3. Self-acting or loop controlled.4. Work at any angle.5. Needle Depth determines the loop length.6. Variation of the height of reciprocating produces knit, tuck or miss stitch.

Uses of Latch Needle:Latch needle are widely used in –1. Double Cylinder Machine.2. Flat Bar Machine.3. Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.4. Double Jersey Circular Knitting Machine.

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Page 20Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Different Parts of Latch Needle hasbeen showed below:1. The Hook: The hook which draws and returns the new loop.2. The slot or Saw Cut: This slot receives the latch blade.3. The Cheeks or Slot Walls: It is either punched or rivetedto fulcrum the latch blade.4. The Rivet: The rivet which may be plain or threaded. Thishas been dispensed with on most plated metal needles bypinching n the slot walls to retain the latch blades.5. The latch blade: This latch blade locates the latch in theneedle.6. The latch spoon: The latch spoon is an extension of bladeand bridges the gap between the hook and stem.7. The stem: The stem of latch needle carries the loop in theclearing on rest position.8. The Butt: Butt of latch needle enables the needle to bereciprocated.9. The Tail: The tail is an extension below the butt givingadditional supp9ort to the needle and keeping the needle in itstrick.

The knitting action of the latch needleFigure shows the position of a latch needle as it passes through the cam system,completing one knitting cycle or course as it moves up and in its trick or slot.

1) The rest position: The head of the needle hook is level with the top of the verge ofthe trick. The loop formed at the previous feeder is in the closed hook. It isprevented from rising as the needle rises, by holding-down sinkers or web holdersthat move forward between the needles to hold down the sinker loops.

2) Latch opening: As the needle butt passes up the incline of the clearing cam, the oldloop, which is held down by the sinker, slides inside the hook and contacts the latch,turning and opening it.

3) Clearing height: When the needle reaches the top of the cam, the old loop iscleared from the hook and latch spoon on to the stem. At this point the feeder guideplate acts as a guard to prevent the latch from closing the empty hook.

4) Yarn feeding and latch closing: The needle starts to descend the stitch cam sothat its latch is below the verge, with the old loop moving under it. At this point thenew yarn is fed through a hole in the feeder guide to the descending needle hook, asthere is no danger of the yarn being fed below the latch. The old loop contacts theunderside of the latch, causing it to close on to the hook.

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Page 20Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Different Parts of Latch Needle hasbeen showed below:1. The Hook: The hook which draws and returns the new loop.2. The slot or Saw Cut: This slot receives the latch blade.3. The Cheeks or Slot Walls: It is either punched or rivetedto fulcrum the latch blade.4. The Rivet: The rivet which may be plain or threaded. Thishas been dispensed with on most plated metal needles bypinching n the slot walls to retain the latch blades.5. The latch blade: This latch blade locates the latch in theneedle.6. The latch spoon: The latch spoon is an extension of bladeand bridges the gap between the hook and stem.7. The stem: The stem of latch needle carries the loop in theclearing on rest position.8. The Butt: Butt of latch needle enables the needle to bereciprocated.9. The Tail: The tail is an extension below the butt givingadditional supp9ort to the needle and keeping the needle in itstrick.

The knitting action of the latch needleFigure shows the position of a latch needle as it passes through the cam system,completing one knitting cycle or course as it moves up and in its trick or slot.

1) The rest position: The head of the needle hook is level with the top of the verge ofthe trick. The loop formed at the previous feeder is in the closed hook. It isprevented from rising as the needle rises, by holding-down sinkers or web holdersthat move forward between the needles to hold down the sinker loops.

2) Latch opening: As the needle butt passes up the incline of the clearing cam, the oldloop, which is held down by the sinker, slides inside the hook and contacts the latch,turning and opening it.

3) Clearing height: When the needle reaches the top of the cam, the old loop iscleared from the hook and latch spoon on to the stem. At this point the feeder guideplate acts as a guard to prevent the latch from closing the empty hook.

4) Yarn feeding and latch closing: The needle starts to descend the stitch cam sothat its latch is below the verge, with the old loop moving under it. At this point thenew yarn is fed through a hole in the feeder guide to the descending needle hook, asthere is no danger of the yarn being fed below the latch. The old loop contacts theunderside of the latch, causing it to close on to the hook.

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Different Parts of Latch Needle hasbeen showed below:1. The Hook: The hook which draws and returns the new loop.2. The slot or Saw Cut: This slot receives the latch blade.3. The Cheeks or Slot Walls: It is either punched or rivetedto fulcrum the latch blade.4. The Rivet: The rivet which may be plain or threaded. Thishas been dispensed with on most plated metal needles bypinching n the slot walls to retain the latch blades.5. The latch blade: This latch blade locates the latch in theneedle.6. The latch spoon: The latch spoon is an extension of bladeand bridges the gap between the hook and stem.7. The stem: The stem of latch needle carries the loop in theclearing on rest position.8. The Butt: Butt of latch needle enables the needle to bereciprocated.9. The Tail: The tail is an extension below the butt givingadditional supp9ort to the needle and keeping the needle in itstrick.

The knitting action of the latch needleFigure shows the position of a latch needle as it passes through the cam system,completing one knitting cycle or course as it moves up and in its trick or slot.

1) The rest position: The head of the needle hook is level with the top of the verge ofthe trick. The loop formed at the previous feeder is in the closed hook. It isprevented from rising as the needle rises, by holding-down sinkers or web holdersthat move forward between the needles to hold down the sinker loops.

2) Latch opening: As the needle butt passes up the incline of the clearing cam, the oldloop, which is held down by the sinker, slides inside the hook and contacts the latch,turning and opening it.

3) Clearing height: When the needle reaches the top of the cam, the old loop iscleared from the hook and latch spoon on to the stem. At this point the feeder guideplate acts as a guard to prevent the latch from closing the empty hook.

4) Yarn feeding and latch closing: The needle starts to descend the stitch cam sothat its latch is below the verge, with the old loop moving under it. At this point thenew yarn is fed through a hole in the feeder guide to the descending needle hook, asthere is no danger of the yarn being fed below the latch. The old loop contacts theunderside of the latch, causing it to close on to the hook.

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5) Knocking-over and loop length formation: As the head of the needle descendsbelow the top of the trick, the old loop slides off the needle and the new loop isdrawn through it. The continued descent of the needle draws the loop length, whichis approximately twice the distance the head of the needle descends, below thesurface of the sinker or trick-plate supporting the sinker loop. The distance isdetermined by the depth setting of the stitch cam, which can be adjusted.

Fig. Knitting action of the latch needle.

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5) Knocking-over and loop length formation: As the head of the needle descendsbelow the top of the trick, the old loop slides off the needle and the new loop isdrawn through it. The continued descent of the needle draws the loop length, whichis approximately twice the distance the head of the needle descends, below thesurface of the sinker or trick-plate supporting the sinker loop. The distance isdetermined by the depth setting of the stitch cam, which can be adjusted.

Fig. Knitting action of the latch needle.

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5) Knocking-over and loop length formation: As the head of the needle descendsbelow the top of the trick, the old loop slides off the needle and the new loop isdrawn through it. The continued descent of the needle draws the loop length, whichis approximately twice the distance the head of the needle descends, below thesurface of the sinker or trick-plate supporting the sinker loop. The distance isdetermined by the depth setting of the stitch cam, which can be adjusted.

Fig. Knitting action of the latch needle.

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CAMS:Cam is a primary weft knitting element. Cams are the devices which convert the rotarymachine drive into a suitable reciprocating action to the needles and other elements.There are three types of knitting cam.

Knit camTuck camMiss cam

The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam platesso that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means ofcams acting on the needle butts.The upward movement of the needle is obtained by the rising cams or clearing cams. Therising cam places the needle at a certain level as it approaches the yarn area. Camscontrolling the downward movement of the needles are called stitch cams.

Fig: Cams

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CAMS:Cam is a primary weft knitting element. Cams are the devices which convert the rotarymachine drive into a suitable reciprocating action to the needles and other elements.There are three types of knitting cam.

Knit camTuck camMiss cam

The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam platesso that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means ofcams acting on the needle butts.The upward movement of the needle is obtained by the rising cams or clearing cams. Therising cam places the needle at a certain level as it approaches the yarn area. Camscontrolling the downward movement of the needles are called stitch cams.

Fig: Cams

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CAMS:Cam is a primary weft knitting element. Cams are the devices which convert the rotarymachine drive into a suitable reciprocating action to the needles and other elements.There are three types of knitting cam.

Knit camTuck camMiss cam

The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam platesso that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means ofcams acting on the needle butts.The upward movement of the needle is obtained by the rising cams or clearing cams. Therising cam places the needle at a certain level as it approaches the yarn area. Camscontrolling the downward movement of the needles are called stitch cams.

Fig: Cams

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Sinker:The sinker is the second primary knitting element (the needle being the first). It is a thinmetal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at rightangles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles. It may performone or more of the following functions, dependent upon the machine's knitting actionand consequent sinker shape and movement: It is a thin metal plated with an individualor collective action.

It may perform the following functions:-1. Loop Formation2. Holding Down3. Knocking Over.

Different Parts of Sinker

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Sinker:The sinker is the second primary knitting element (the needle being the first). It is a thinmetal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at rightangles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles. It may performone or more of the following functions, dependent upon the machine's knitting actionand consequent sinker shape and movement: It is a thin metal plated with an individualor collective action.

It may perform the following functions:-1. Loop Formation2. Holding Down3. Knocking Over.

Different Parts of Sinker

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Sinker:The sinker is the second primary knitting element (the needle being the first). It is a thinmetal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at rightangles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles. It may performone or more of the following functions, dependent upon the machine's knitting actionand consequent sinker shape and movement: It is a thin metal plated with an individualor collective action.

It may perform the following functions:-1. Loop Formation2. Holding Down3. Knocking Over.

Different Parts of Sinker

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General Terms of Knitting Technology

The knitted stitch:The knitted stitch is the basic unit of intermeshing. Itusually consists of three or more intermeshed needleloops. The center loop has been drawn through thehead of the lower previously-formed loop and is, inturn, intermeshed through its head by the loop aboveit. The repeat unit of a stitch is the minimum repeat ofintermeshed loops that can be placed adjoining otherrepeat units in order to build up an unbroken sequencein width and depth.

A needle loop only has its characteristic appearance because its legs are pre-vented fromspreading outwards by being intermeshed through the head of the loop below it. If thereis no previous loop to mesh through, the legs of the new loop will spread outwards. Theterm stitch is unfortunately sometimes used to refer to a single needle loop. Stitch lengthis a length of yarn which includes the needle loop and half the sinker loop on either sideof it. Generally, the larger the stitch length, the more extensible and lighter the fabricand the poorer the cover, opacity and bursting strength.

The face loop stitch:

The face side of the stitch (Fig. 5.8) shows the new loop coming towards the viewer as itpasses over and covers the head of the old loop. It is referred to as the right side inmainland Europe. Face loop stitches tend to show the side limbs of the needle loops oroverlaps as a series of inter fitting ‘V’s. The face loop-side is the underside of the stitchon the needle.

Fig. The knitted stitch.

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General Terms of Knitting Technology

The knitted stitch:The knitted stitch is the basic unit of intermeshing. Itusually consists of three or more intermeshed needleloops. The center loop has been drawn through thehead of the lower previously-formed loop and is, inturn, intermeshed through its head by the loop aboveit. The repeat unit of a stitch is the minimum repeat ofintermeshed loops that can be placed adjoining otherrepeat units in order to build up an unbroken sequencein width and depth.

A needle loop only has its characteristic appearance because its legs are pre-vented fromspreading outwards by being intermeshed through the head of the loop below it. If thereis no previous loop to mesh through, the legs of the new loop will spread outwards. Theterm stitch is unfortunately sometimes used to refer to a single needle loop. Stitch lengthis a length of yarn which includes the needle loop and half the sinker loop on either sideof it. Generally, the larger the stitch length, the more extensible and lighter the fabricand the poorer the cover, opacity and bursting strength.

The face loop stitch:

The face side of the stitch (Fig. 5.8) shows the new loop coming towards the viewer as itpasses over and covers the head of the old loop. It is referred to as the right side inmainland Europe. Face loop stitches tend to show the side limbs of the needle loops oroverlaps as a series of inter fitting ‘V’s. The face loop-side is the underside of the stitchon the needle.

Fig. The knitted stitch.

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General Terms of Knitting Technology

The knitted stitch:The knitted stitch is the basic unit of intermeshing. Itusually consists of three or more intermeshed needleloops. The center loop has been drawn through thehead of the lower previously-formed loop and is, inturn, intermeshed through its head by the loop aboveit. The repeat unit of a stitch is the minimum repeat ofintermeshed loops that can be placed adjoining otherrepeat units in order to build up an unbroken sequencein width and depth.

A needle loop only has its characteristic appearance because its legs are pre-vented fromspreading outwards by being intermeshed through the head of the loop below it. If thereis no previous loop to mesh through, the legs of the new loop will spread outwards. Theterm stitch is unfortunately sometimes used to refer to a single needle loop. Stitch lengthis a length of yarn which includes the needle loop and half the sinker loop on either sideof it. Generally, the larger the stitch length, the more extensible and lighter the fabricand the poorer the cover, opacity and bursting strength.

The face loop stitch:

The face side of the stitch (Fig. 5.8) shows the new loop coming towards the viewer as itpasses over and covers the head of the old loop. It is referred to as the right side inmainland Europe. Face loop stitches tend to show the side limbs of the needle loops oroverlaps as a series of inter fitting ‘V’s. The face loop-side is the underside of the stitchon the needle.

Fig. The knitted stitch.

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The reverse loop stitch:

This is the opposite side of the stitch to the face loop-side and shows the new loopmeshing away from the viewer as it passes under the head of the old loop. It is referredto as the left side on the mainland of Europe. Reverse stitches show the sinker loops inweft knitting and the under laps in warp knitting most prominently on the surface. Thereverse loop side is the nearest to the head of the needle because the needle draws thenew loop downwards through the old loop (Figures 5.8).

The needle loopThe needle loop (H +L in Fig. 5.1) is the basic unit of knitted structure. When tension inthe fabric is balanced and there is sufficient take-away tension during knitting, it is anupright noose formed in the needle hook. It consists of a head (H) and two side limbs orlegs (L). At the base of each leg is a foot (F), which meshes through the head of the loopformed at the previous knitting cycle, usually by that needle. The yarn passes from thefoot of one loop into the foot and leg of thenext loop formed by it.

(NB: If the loop is the first loop knitted on thatneedle, its feet and legs will not be restrictedand it will open out to give the appearance of atuck loop. If the loops are knitted on a flatmachine with a pressing down device and notake-down tension, the loops will be morerounded and will tend to incline due to thetraversing movement of the presser.)

Fig. 5.1 Intermeshing points of a needle loop.

In weft knitting, the feet are normally open because the yarn continues to be sup-plied inone direction (except at the selvedges of straight knitting machines). Exceptionally,closed loops have occasionally been produced in the past on the bearded needle sinkerwheel machine, by twisting a loop over as it is transferred to another needle, or by usinga twizzle beard which closes onto the back of the needle so that, as the loop is cast-off, ittwists over itself.

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The reverse loop stitch:

This is the opposite side of the stitch to the face loop-side and shows the new loopmeshing away from the viewer as it passes under the head of the old loop. It is referredto as the left side on the mainland of Europe. Reverse stitches show the sinker loops inweft knitting and the under laps in warp knitting most prominently on the surface. Thereverse loop side is the nearest to the head of the needle because the needle draws thenew loop downwards through the old loop (Figures 5.8).

The needle loopThe needle loop (H +L in Fig. 5.1) is the basic unit of knitted structure. When tension inthe fabric is balanced and there is sufficient take-away tension during knitting, it is anupright noose formed in the needle hook. It consists of a head (H) and two side limbs orlegs (L). At the base of each leg is a foot (F), which meshes through the head of the loopformed at the previous knitting cycle, usually by that needle. The yarn passes from thefoot of one loop into the foot and leg of thenext loop formed by it.

(NB: If the loop is the first loop knitted on thatneedle, its feet and legs will not be restrictedand it will open out to give the appearance of atuck loop. If the loops are knitted on a flatmachine with a pressing down device and notake-down tension, the loops will be morerounded and will tend to incline due to thetraversing movement of the presser.)

Fig. 5.1 Intermeshing points of a needle loop.

In weft knitting, the feet are normally open because the yarn continues to be sup-plied inone direction (except at the selvedges of straight knitting machines). Exceptionally,closed loops have occasionally been produced in the past on the bearded needle sinkerwheel machine, by twisting a loop over as it is transferred to another needle, or by usinga twizzle beard which closes onto the back of the needle so that, as the loop is cast-off, ittwists over itself.

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The reverse loop stitch:

This is the opposite side of the stitch to the face loop-side and shows the new loopmeshing away from the viewer as it passes under the head of the old loop. It is referredto as the left side on the mainland of Europe. Reverse stitches show the sinker loops inweft knitting and the under laps in warp knitting most prominently on the surface. Thereverse loop side is the nearest to the head of the needle because the needle draws thenew loop downwards through the old loop (Figures 5.8).

The needle loopThe needle loop (H +L in Fig. 5.1) is the basic unit of knitted structure. When tension inthe fabric is balanced and there is sufficient take-away tension during knitting, it is anupright noose formed in the needle hook. It consists of a head (H) and two side limbs orlegs (L). At the base of each leg is a foot (F), which meshes through the head of the loopformed at the previous knitting cycle, usually by that needle. The yarn passes from thefoot of one loop into the foot and leg of thenext loop formed by it.

(NB: If the loop is the first loop knitted on thatneedle, its feet and legs will not be restrictedand it will open out to give the appearance of atuck loop. If the loops are knitted on a flatmachine with a pressing down device and notake-down tension, the loops will be morerounded and will tend to incline due to thetraversing movement of the presser.)

Fig. 5.1 Intermeshing points of a needle loop.

In weft knitting, the feet are normally open because the yarn continues to be sup-plied inone direction (except at the selvedges of straight knitting machines). Exceptionally,closed loops have occasionally been produced in the past on the bearded needle sinkerwheel machine, by twisting a loop over as it is transferred to another needle, or by usinga twizzle beard which closes onto the back of the needle so that, as the loop is cast-off, ittwists over itself.

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The sinker loop:The sinker loop (S in Fig. 5.1) is the piece of yarn that joins one weft knitted needle loopto the next. On bearded needle weft knitting machines, loop-forming sinkers form thesinker loops in succession between the needles – hence the origin of the term sinkerloop. On latch needle weft knitting machines, however, the sinker loops areautomatically formed as the needles, in succession, draw their new loops. Sinker loopsshow on the opposite side of the fabric to the needle loops because the needle loop isdrawn onto the opposite side from which the yarn was originally fed. The terms ‘sinkerloop’ and ‘needle loop’ are convenient descriptive terms but their precise limits withinthe same loop length are impossible to exactly define.

A Course:A course is a predominantly horizontal row of needleloops (in an upright fabric as knitted) produced byadjacent needles during the same knitting cycle. (Thelast five words help to prevent confusion whendescribing complex weft knitted fabrics).

A Course Length:In weft knitted fabrics (with the exception of structures such as jacquard, intarsia andwarp insertion), a course of loops is composed of a single length of yarn termed a courselength. Weft knitted structures will unweave from the course knitted last unless it issecured, for example, by binding-off.

A wale:A wale is a predominantly vertical column of intermeshed needle loops generallyproduced by the same needle knitting at successive (not necessarily all) knitting cycles. Awale commences as soon as an empty needle starts to knit.

When loop transfer occurs it is possible to transfer a wale of loops from oneneedle A to another B and to recommence knitting with the second needle, inwhich case more than one needle will have produced intermeshed loops in thesame wale. (If needle B knits continuously, the wale knitted by needle A willmerge into it).

In warp knitting a wale can be produced from the same yarn if the same warpguide laps the same needle at successive knitting cycles.

Wales are connected together across the width of the fabric by sinker loops (weftknitting) or under laps (warp knitting).

Wales show most clearly on the technical face and courses on the technical backof single needle bed fabric.

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The sinker loop:The sinker loop (S in Fig. 5.1) is the piece of yarn that joins one weft knitted needle loopto the next. On bearded needle weft knitting machines, loop-forming sinkers form thesinker loops in succession between the needles – hence the origin of the term sinkerloop. On latch needle weft knitting machines, however, the sinker loops areautomatically formed as the needles, in succession, draw their new loops. Sinker loopsshow on the opposite side of the fabric to the needle loops because the needle loop isdrawn onto the opposite side from which the yarn was originally fed. The terms ‘sinkerloop’ and ‘needle loop’ are convenient descriptive terms but their precise limits withinthe same loop length are impossible to exactly define.

A Course:A course is a predominantly horizontal row of needleloops (in an upright fabric as knitted) produced byadjacent needles during the same knitting cycle. (Thelast five words help to prevent confusion whendescribing complex weft knitted fabrics).

A Course Length:In weft knitted fabrics (with the exception of structures such as jacquard, intarsia andwarp insertion), a course of loops is composed of a single length of yarn termed a courselength. Weft knitted structures will unweave from the course knitted last unless it issecured, for example, by binding-off.

A wale:A wale is a predominantly vertical column of intermeshed needle loops generallyproduced by the same needle knitting at successive (not necessarily all) knitting cycles. Awale commences as soon as an empty needle starts to knit.

When loop transfer occurs it is possible to transfer a wale of loops from oneneedle A to another B and to recommence knitting with the second needle, inwhich case more than one needle will have produced intermeshed loops in thesame wale. (If needle B knits continuously, the wale knitted by needle A willmerge into it).

In warp knitting a wale can be produced from the same yarn if the same warpguide laps the same needle at successive knitting cycles.

Wales are connected together across the width of the fabric by sinker loops (weftknitting) or under laps (warp knitting).

Wales show most clearly on the technical face and courses on the technical backof single needle bed fabric.

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The sinker loop:The sinker loop (S in Fig. 5.1) is the piece of yarn that joins one weft knitted needle loopto the next. On bearded needle weft knitting machines, loop-forming sinkers form thesinker loops in succession between the needles – hence the origin of the term sinkerloop. On latch needle weft knitting machines, however, the sinker loops areautomatically formed as the needles, in succession, draw their new loops. Sinker loopsshow on the opposite side of the fabric to the needle loops because the needle loop isdrawn onto the opposite side from which the yarn was originally fed. The terms ‘sinkerloop’ and ‘needle loop’ are convenient descriptive terms but their precise limits withinthe same loop length are impossible to exactly define.

A Course:A course is a predominantly horizontal row of needleloops (in an upright fabric as knitted) produced byadjacent needles during the same knitting cycle. (Thelast five words help to prevent confusion whendescribing complex weft knitted fabrics).

A Course Length:In weft knitted fabrics (with the exception of structures such as jacquard, intarsia andwarp insertion), a course of loops is composed of a single length of yarn termed a courselength. Weft knitted structures will unweave from the course knitted last unless it issecured, for example, by binding-off.

A wale:A wale is a predominantly vertical column of intermeshed needle loops generallyproduced by the same needle knitting at successive (not necessarily all) knitting cycles. Awale commences as soon as an empty needle starts to knit.

When loop transfer occurs it is possible to transfer a wale of loops from oneneedle A to another B and to recommence knitting with the second needle, inwhich case more than one needle will have produced intermeshed loops in thesame wale. (If needle B knits continuously, the wale knitted by needle A willmerge into it).

In warp knitting a wale can be produced from the same yarn if the same warpguide laps the same needle at successive knitting cycles.

Wales are connected together across the width of the fabric by sinker loops (weftknitting) or under laps (warp knitting).

Wales show most clearly on the technical face and courses on the technical backof single needle bed fabric.

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Stitch Density:Stitch density refers to the total number of loops in a measured area of fabric and not tothe length of yarn in a loop (stitch length). It is the total number of needle loops in agiven area (such as a square inch, or three square centimeters). The figure is obtained bycounting the number of courses or pattern rows in one inch (or three centimeters) andthe number of wales in one inch (or three centimeters), then multiplying the number ofcourses by the number of wales. (Using a measurement of three centimeters rather thanone, is preferable for accuracy incounting). Stitch density gives a moreaccurate measurement than does a linearmeasurement of only courses or onlywales. Tension acting in one directionmight produce a low reading for thecourses and a high reading for the wales;when they are multiplied together thiseffect is cancelled out. Pattern rows ratherthan courses may be counted when they arecomposed of a constant number of courses.

The four primary base weft knitted structuresFour primary structures – plain, rib, interlock and purl are the base structures fromwhich all weft knitted fabrics and garments are derived. Each is composed of a differentcombination of face and reverse meshed stitches, knitted on a particular arrangement ofneedle beds. Each primary structure may exist alone, in a modified form with stitchesother than normal cleared loops, or in combination with another primary structure in agarment-length sequence. All weft knitted fabric is liable to unrove (unravel), or ladder,from the course knitted last, unless special ‘locking courses’ are knitted, or unless it isspecially seamed or finished.

1. Plain is produced by the needles knitting as a single set, drawing the loopsaway from the technical back and towards the technical face side of the fabric.

2. Rib requires two sets of needles operating in between each other so that wales offace stitches and wales of reverse stitches are knitted on each side of the fabric.

3. Interlock was originally derived from rib but requires a special arrangementof needles knitting back-to-back in an alternate sequence of two sets, so that thetwo courses of loops show wales of face loops on each side of the fabric exactly inline with each other, thus hiding the appearance of the reverse loops.

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Stitch Density:Stitch density refers to the total number of loops in a measured area of fabric and not tothe length of yarn in a loop (stitch length). It is the total number of needle loops in agiven area (such as a square inch, or three square centimeters). The figure is obtained bycounting the number of courses or pattern rows in one inch (or three centimeters) andthe number of wales in one inch (or three centimeters), then multiplying the number ofcourses by the number of wales. (Using a measurement of three centimeters rather thanone, is preferable for accuracy incounting). Stitch density gives a moreaccurate measurement than does a linearmeasurement of only courses or onlywales. Tension acting in one directionmight produce a low reading for thecourses and a high reading for the wales;when they are multiplied together thiseffect is cancelled out. Pattern rows ratherthan courses may be counted when they arecomposed of a constant number of courses.

The four primary base weft knitted structuresFour primary structures – plain, rib, interlock and purl are the base structures fromwhich all weft knitted fabrics and garments are derived. Each is composed of a differentcombination of face and reverse meshed stitches, knitted on a particular arrangement ofneedle beds. Each primary structure may exist alone, in a modified form with stitchesother than normal cleared loops, or in combination with another primary structure in agarment-length sequence. All weft knitted fabric is liable to unrove (unravel), or ladder,from the course knitted last, unless special ‘locking courses’ are knitted, or unless it isspecially seamed or finished.

1. Plain is produced by the needles knitting as a single set, drawing the loopsaway from the technical back and towards the technical face side of the fabric.

2. Rib requires two sets of needles operating in between each other so that wales offace stitches and wales of reverse stitches are knitted on each side of the fabric.

3. Interlock was originally derived from rib but requires a special arrangementof needles knitting back-to-back in an alternate sequence of two sets, so that thetwo courses of loops show wales of face loops on each side of the fabric exactly inline with each other, thus hiding the appearance of the reverse loops.

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Stitch Density:Stitch density refers to the total number of loops in a measured area of fabric and not tothe length of yarn in a loop (stitch length). It is the total number of needle loops in agiven area (such as a square inch, or three square centimeters). The figure is obtained bycounting the number of courses or pattern rows in one inch (or three centimeters) andthe number of wales in one inch (or three centimeters), then multiplying the number ofcourses by the number of wales. (Using a measurement of three centimeters rather thanone, is preferable for accuracy incounting). Stitch density gives a moreaccurate measurement than does a linearmeasurement of only courses or onlywales. Tension acting in one directionmight produce a low reading for thecourses and a high reading for the wales;when they are multiplied together thiseffect is cancelled out. Pattern rows ratherthan courses may be counted when they arecomposed of a constant number of courses.

The four primary base weft knitted structuresFour primary structures – plain, rib, interlock and purl are the base structures fromwhich all weft knitted fabrics and garments are derived. Each is composed of a differentcombination of face and reverse meshed stitches, knitted on a particular arrangement ofneedle beds. Each primary structure may exist alone, in a modified form with stitchesother than normal cleared loops, or in combination with another primary structure in agarment-length sequence. All weft knitted fabric is liable to unrove (unravel), or ladder,from the course knitted last, unless special ‘locking courses’ are knitted, or unless it isspecially seamed or finished.

1. Plain is produced by the needles knitting as a single set, drawing the loopsaway from the technical back and towards the technical face side of the fabric.

2. Rib requires two sets of needles operating in between each other so that wales offace stitches and wales of reverse stitches are knitted on each side of the fabric.

3. Interlock was originally derived from rib but requires a special arrangementof needles knitting back-to-back in an alternate sequence of two sets, so that thetwo courses of loops show wales of face loops on each side of the fabric exactly inline with each other, thus hiding the appearance of the reverse loops.

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4. Purl is the only structure having certain wales containing both face and reversemeshed loops. A garment-length sequence, such as a ribbed half-hose, is defined aspurl, whereas smaller sections of its length may consist of plain and rib sections.

Although in the past structures of this type were knitted only on flat bed and doublecylinder purl machines employing double-ended latch needles, electronically-controlledV-bed flat machines with rib loop transfer and racking facilities are now used.

Single-jersey machines can only produce one type of base structure. Rib machines, particularly of the garment-making type, can produce sequences of

plain knitting by using only one bed of needles. Interlock machines can sometimes be changed to rib knitting. Purl machines are capable of producing rib or plain knitting sequences by

retaining certain needle arrangements during the production of a garment orother knitted article.

Knit Stitch:The basic stitch that forms the “v”-looking stitches that comprisefabrics called “knits”. The knit stitch is just pulling a loop of yarn through an existing loopon the needle. Pulling it through with the yarn in the back creates the knit stitch. Pullingit through with the yarn in front creates the purl stitch. These are the foundation stitchesof knitting. To begin your knitting, start with a cast-on.

Float Stitch:A float stitch or welt stitch iscomposed of a held loop; one or more float loops andknitted loops. It is produced when a needle (M) holdingits old loop fails to receive the new yarn that passes, as afloat loop, to the back of the needle and to the reverseside of the resultant stitch, joining together the twonearest needle loops knitted from it.In Fig. B, the float stitch shows the missed yarn floatingfreely on the reverse side of the held loop. The float

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4. Purl is the only structure having certain wales containing both face and reversemeshed loops. A garment-length sequence, such as a ribbed half-hose, is defined aspurl, whereas smaller sections of its length may consist of plain and rib sections.

Although in the past structures of this type were knitted only on flat bed and doublecylinder purl machines employing double-ended latch needles, electronically-controlledV-bed flat machines with rib loop transfer and racking facilities are now used.

Single-jersey machines can only produce one type of base structure. Rib machines, particularly of the garment-making type, can produce sequences of

plain knitting by using only one bed of needles. Interlock machines can sometimes be changed to rib knitting. Purl machines are capable of producing rib or plain knitting sequences by

retaining certain needle arrangements during the production of a garment orother knitted article.

Knit Stitch:The basic stitch that forms the “v”-looking stitches that comprisefabrics called “knits”. The knit stitch is just pulling a loop of yarn through an existing loopon the needle. Pulling it through with the yarn in the back creates the knit stitch. Pullingit through with the yarn in front creates the purl stitch. These are the foundation stitchesof knitting. To begin your knitting, start with a cast-on.

Float Stitch:A float stitch or welt stitch iscomposed of a held loop; one or more float loops andknitted loops. It is produced when a needle (M) holdingits old loop fails to receive the new yarn that passes, as afloat loop, to the back of the needle and to the reverseside of the resultant stitch, joining together the twonearest needle loops knitted from it.In Fig. B, the float stitch shows the missed yarn floatingfreely on the reverse side of the held loop. The float

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Page 28Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

4. Purl is the only structure having certain wales containing both face and reversemeshed loops. A garment-length sequence, such as a ribbed half-hose, is defined aspurl, whereas smaller sections of its length may consist of plain and rib sections.

Although in the past structures of this type were knitted only on flat bed and doublecylinder purl machines employing double-ended latch needles, electronically-controlledV-bed flat machines with rib loop transfer and racking facilities are now used.

Single-jersey machines can only produce one type of base structure. Rib machines, particularly of the garment-making type, can produce sequences of

plain knitting by using only one bed of needles. Interlock machines can sometimes be changed to rib knitting. Purl machines are capable of producing rib or plain knitting sequences by

retaining certain needle arrangements during the production of a garment orother knitted article.

Knit Stitch:The basic stitch that forms the “v”-looking stitches that comprisefabrics called “knits”. The knit stitch is just pulling a loop of yarn through an existing loopon the needle. Pulling it through with the yarn in the back creates the knit stitch. Pullingit through with the yarn in front creates the purl stitch. These are the foundation stitchesof knitting. To begin your knitting, start with a cast-on.

Float Stitch:A float stitch or welt stitch iscomposed of a held loop; one or more float loops andknitted loops. It is produced when a needle (M) holdingits old loop fails to receive the new yarn that passes, as afloat loop, to the back of the needle and to the reverseside of the resultant stitch, joining together the twonearest needle loops knitted from it.In Fig. B, the float stitch shows the missed yarn floatingfreely on the reverse side of the held loop. The float

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extends from the base of one knitted or tucked loop to the next, and is notated either asan empty square or as a bypassed point. It is assumed that the held loop extends into thecourses above until a knitted loop is indicated in that wale.A single float stitch has the appearance of a U-shape on the reverse of the stitch.Structures incorporating float stitches tend to exhibit faint horizontal lines. Float stitchfabrics are narrower than equivalent all-knit fabrics because the Wales are drawn closertogether by the floats, thus reducing width-wise elasticity and improving fabric stability.Effect of Float/Miss Stitches:

1. Float stitch makes the fabric thinner than the tuckstitched one, as there is no yarn accumulation.

2. It makes the fabric narrower as there is no loopedconfiguration and hence the whole structure ispulled to minimum width.

3. Less extensible than either knitted or tuckedstructures.

4. Fabric is lighter in weight due to minimum yarnin construction.

5. Fabric is flimsy or less rigid compared to others.The Tuck Stitch:A tuck stitch is composed of a held loop, one or more tuckloops and knitted loops. It is produced when a needle holding its loop also receives thenew loop, which becomes a tuck loop because it is not intermeshed through the old loopbut is tucked in behind it on the reverse side of the stitch. Its side limbs are therefore notrestricted at their feet by the head of an old loop, so they can open outwards towards thetwo adjoining needle loops formed in the same course. The tuck loop thus assumes aninverted V or U-shaped configuration. The yarn passes from the sinker loops to the headthat is intermeshed with the new loop of a course above it, so that the head of the tuck ison the reverse of the stitch.

Effect of Tuck Stitches:1. Fabric with tuck stitches is thicker than knit stitches due to accumulation of yarn

in stitches at tucking places.2. The structure with tuck stitches is winder than with knit stitches and the loop

shape has a wider base at stitches.3. Tuck stitch structure is less extensible because at every tuck stitch, the loop

length is shortened.

Fig. B

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extends from the base of one knitted or tucked loop to the next, and is notated either asan empty square or as a bypassed point. It is assumed that the held loop extends into thecourses above until a knitted loop is indicated in that wale.A single float stitch has the appearance of a U-shape on the reverse of the stitch.Structures incorporating float stitches tend to exhibit faint horizontal lines. Float stitchfabrics are narrower than equivalent all-knit fabrics because the Wales are drawn closertogether by the floats, thus reducing width-wise elasticity and improving fabric stability.Effect of Float/Miss Stitches:

1. Float stitch makes the fabric thinner than the tuckstitched one, as there is no yarn accumulation.

2. It makes the fabric narrower as there is no loopedconfiguration and hence the whole structure ispulled to minimum width.

3. Less extensible than either knitted or tuckedstructures.

4. Fabric is lighter in weight due to minimum yarnin construction.

5. Fabric is flimsy or less rigid compared to others.The Tuck Stitch:A tuck stitch is composed of a held loop, one or more tuckloops and knitted loops. It is produced when a needle holding its loop also receives thenew loop, which becomes a tuck loop because it is not intermeshed through the old loopbut is tucked in behind it on the reverse side of the stitch. Its side limbs are therefore notrestricted at their feet by the head of an old loop, so they can open outwards towards thetwo adjoining needle loops formed in the same course. The tuck loop thus assumes aninverted V or U-shaped configuration. The yarn passes from the sinker loops to the headthat is intermeshed with the new loop of a course above it, so that the head of the tuck ison the reverse of the stitch.

Effect of Tuck Stitches:1. Fabric with tuck stitches is thicker than knit stitches due to accumulation of yarn

in stitches at tucking places.2. The structure with tuck stitches is winder than with knit stitches and the loop

shape has a wider base at stitches.3. Tuck stitch structure is less extensible because at every tuck stitch, the loop

length is shortened.

Fig. B

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extends from the base of one knitted or tucked loop to the next, and is notated either asan empty square or as a bypassed point. It is assumed that the held loop extends into thecourses above until a knitted loop is indicated in that wale.A single float stitch has the appearance of a U-shape on the reverse of the stitch.Structures incorporating float stitches tend to exhibit faint horizontal lines. Float stitchfabrics are narrower than equivalent all-knit fabrics because the Wales are drawn closertogether by the floats, thus reducing width-wise elasticity and improving fabric stability.Effect of Float/Miss Stitches:

1. Float stitch makes the fabric thinner than the tuckstitched one, as there is no yarn accumulation.

2. It makes the fabric narrower as there is no loopedconfiguration and hence the whole structure ispulled to minimum width.

3. Less extensible than either knitted or tuckedstructures.

4. Fabric is lighter in weight due to minimum yarnin construction.

5. Fabric is flimsy or less rigid compared to others.The Tuck Stitch:A tuck stitch is composed of a held loop, one or more tuckloops and knitted loops. It is produced when a needle holding its loop also receives thenew loop, which becomes a tuck loop because it is not intermeshed through the old loopbut is tucked in behind it on the reverse side of the stitch. Its side limbs are therefore notrestricted at their feet by the head of an old loop, so they can open outwards towards thetwo adjoining needle loops formed in the same course. The tuck loop thus assumes aninverted V or U-shaped configuration. The yarn passes from the sinker loops to the headthat is intermeshed with the new loop of a course above it, so that the head of the tuck ison the reverse of the stitch.

Effect of Tuck Stitches:1. Fabric with tuck stitches is thicker than knit stitches due to accumulation of yarn

in stitches at tucking places.2. The structure with tuck stitches is winder than with knit stitches and the loop

shape has a wider base at stitches.3. Tuck stitch structure is less extensible because at every tuck stitch, the loop

length is shortened.

Fig. B

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4. Due to thicker in nature, the tuck stitched fabric is heavier in weight per unit areathan the knit stitches.

5. Tuck stitched structure is more open and porous than the knit stitched fabric.Tuck stitch is also used to get fancy effects by using colored yarns.

Feeder Stripe:By carefully arrangement of the package of colored yarn on a large diameter , multifeeder m/c, on elaborate sequence of stripe having a depth that is repeated at each m/crevelation, is obtained the depth of the stripe may vary depends on fabric style , total no.of feeder of the m/c and stitch length. Machine with few fees particularly garmentslength m/c and hosiery knitting m/c would have severely restricted capabilities. In thism/c choice of yarn may include elastic yarn and separated yarn as well as colored yarn.

Engineering stripe:The stripe can produce on auto stripe, m/c with any depth of stripe. Fabric structuremay be single jersey or double jersey. Auto stripe may use at each feed for selection ofcolour. The facility of yarn changing by “stopping finger” selection , which can provide achoice of one from four or five yarn at a particular feed point during each m/crevolution. Striping finger changes must occur while the needle bed rotates. A slightoverlap of two interchanging yarn is essential, to maintain a continuous yarn flow at theknitting point.

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4. Due to thicker in nature, the tuck stitched fabric is heavier in weight per unit areathan the knit stitches.

5. Tuck stitched structure is more open and porous than the knit stitched fabric.Tuck stitch is also used to get fancy effects by using colored yarns.

Feeder Stripe:By carefully arrangement of the package of colored yarn on a large diameter , multifeeder m/c, on elaborate sequence of stripe having a depth that is repeated at each m/crevelation, is obtained the depth of the stripe may vary depends on fabric style , total no.of feeder of the m/c and stitch length. Machine with few fees particularly garmentslength m/c and hosiery knitting m/c would have severely restricted capabilities. In thism/c choice of yarn may include elastic yarn and separated yarn as well as colored yarn.

Engineering stripe:The stripe can produce on auto stripe, m/c with any depth of stripe. Fabric structuremay be single jersey or double jersey. Auto stripe may use at each feed for selection ofcolour. The facility of yarn changing by “stopping finger” selection , which can provide achoice of one from four or five yarn at a particular feed point during each m/crevolution. Striping finger changes must occur while the needle bed rotates. A slightoverlap of two interchanging yarn is essential, to maintain a continuous yarn flow at theknitting point.

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Page 30Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

4. Due to thicker in nature, the tuck stitched fabric is heavier in weight per unit areathan the knit stitches.

5. Tuck stitched structure is more open and porous than the knit stitched fabric.Tuck stitch is also used to get fancy effects by using colored yarns.

Feeder Stripe:By carefully arrangement of the package of colored yarn on a large diameter , multifeeder m/c, on elaborate sequence of stripe having a depth that is repeated at each m/crevelation, is obtained the depth of the stripe may vary depends on fabric style , total no.of feeder of the m/c and stitch length. Machine with few fees particularly garmentslength m/c and hosiery knitting m/c would have severely restricted capabilities. In thism/c choice of yarn may include elastic yarn and separated yarn as well as colored yarn.

Engineering stripe:The stripe can produce on auto stripe, m/c with any depth of stripe. Fabric structuremay be single jersey or double jersey. Auto stripe may use at each feed for selection ofcolour. The facility of yarn changing by “stopping finger” selection , which can provide achoice of one from four or five yarn at a particular feed point during each m/crevolution. Striping finger changes must occur while the needle bed rotates. A slightoverlap of two interchanging yarn is essential, to maintain a continuous yarn flow at theknitting point.

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Needle timing:Needle timing(Fig. 7.11) is the relationship between the loop-forming positions of thedial and cylinder needles measured as the distance in needles between the two stitchescam knock-over points. Collective timing adjustment is achieved by moving the dial cam-plate clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the cylinder; individual adjustment atparticular feeders (as required) is obtained by moving or changing the stitch cam profile.

Fig. 7.11 Needle cam timing for a circular rib machine.

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Needle timing:Needle timing(Fig. 7.11) is the relationship between the loop-forming positions of thedial and cylinder needles measured as the distance in needles between the two stitchescam knock-over points. Collective timing adjustment is achieved by moving the dial cam-plate clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the cylinder; individual adjustment atparticular feeders (as required) is obtained by moving or changing the stitch cam profile.

Fig. 7.11 Needle cam timing for a circular rib machine.

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Needle timing:Needle timing(Fig. 7.11) is the relationship between the loop-forming positions of thedial and cylinder needles measured as the distance in needles between the two stitchescam knock-over points. Collective timing adjustment is achieved by moving the dial cam-plate clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the cylinder; individual adjustment atparticular feeders (as required) is obtained by moving or changing the stitch cam profile.

Fig. 7.11 Needle cam timing for a circular rib machine.

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Synchronized timing(Fig. 7.12), also known as point, jacquard and 2 ¥ 2 timing, is theterm used when the two positions coincide with the yarn being pulled in an alternatingmanner in two directions by the needles, thus creating a high tension during loopformation.With delayed timing, also called rib or interlock timing (Fig. 7.13) the dial knock overoccurs after about four cylinder needles have drawn loops and are rising slightly torelieve the strain.The dial loops are therefore composed of the extended loops drawnover the dial needle stems during cylinder knock-over, plus a little yarn robbed from thecylinder loops.The dial loops are thus larger than the cylinder loops and the fabric istighter and has better rigidity; it is also heavier and wider, and less strain is produced onthe yarn.

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Page 32Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Synchronized timing(Fig. 7.12), also known as point, jacquard and 2 ¥ 2 timing, is theterm used when the two positions coincide with the yarn being pulled in an alternatingmanner in two directions by the needles, thus creating a high tension during loopformation.With delayed timing, also called rib or interlock timing (Fig. 7.13) the dial knock overoccurs after about four cylinder needles have drawn loops and are rising slightly torelieve the strain.The dial loops are therefore composed of the extended loops drawnover the dial needle stems during cylinder knock-over, plus a little yarn robbed from thecylinder loops.The dial loops are thus larger than the cylinder loops and the fabric istighter and has better rigidity; it is also heavier and wider, and less strain is produced onthe yarn.

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Page 32Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Synchronized timing(Fig. 7.12), also known as point, jacquard and 2 ¥ 2 timing, is theterm used when the two positions coincide with the yarn being pulled in an alternatingmanner in two directions by the needles, thus creating a high tension during loopformation.With delayed timing, also called rib or interlock timing (Fig. 7.13) the dial knock overoccurs after about four cylinder needles have drawn loops and are rising slightly torelieve the strain.The dial loops are therefore composed of the extended loops drawnover the dial needle stems during cylinder knock-over, plus a little yarn robbed from thecylinder loops.The dial loops are thus larger than the cylinder loops and the fabric istighter and has better rigidity; it is also heavier and wider, and less strain is produced onthe yarn.

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Page 33Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Rib jacquard or broad ribs cannot be produced in delayed timing because there will notalways be cylinder needles knitting either side of the dial needles from which to drawyarn. Although the dial knock-over is delayed, it is actually achieved by advancing thetiming of the cylinder knock-over (Fig. 7.11).

“GSM”Itisthecriticalparameterthatischeckedandcontrolledatdifferentstagedofprocessingthefabricafterknittingtofinishing.FabricGSMcanbecontrolledbythefollowingways:

ByvaryingthelooplengthbyVDQpulley.Byvaryingtheno.ofloopsby needlegaugesetting.Byusingdifferentcountofyarn.

Theyarncount,inallcases,hasprescribedby thebuyers.Som/csettingistheonlywaytocontrolthegreyGSM.ThefinalGSMinthefinishedfabricdependonthefinishingtreatmentsandparametersoffinishingmachineries.

VDQpulley:

Count with corresponding GSMCount (Ne) GSM

40/1 100-12036/1 120-13032/1 130-14030/1 140-15028/1 150-16026/1 160-17024/1 170-18020/1 180-210

Yarn Tension in Circular Knitting M/cFabric Name Yarn Tension (CN)

Plain Single Jersey 6-8

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Page 33Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Rib jacquard or broad ribs cannot be produced in delayed timing because there will notalways be cylinder needles knitting either side of the dial needles from which to drawyarn. Although the dial knock-over is delayed, it is actually achieved by advancing thetiming of the cylinder knock-over (Fig. 7.11).

“GSM”Itisthecriticalparameterthatischeckedandcontrolledatdifferentstagedofprocessingthefabricafterknittingtofinishing.FabricGSMcanbecontrolledbythefollowingways:

ByvaryingthelooplengthbyVDQpulley.Byvaryingtheno.ofloopsby needlegaugesetting.Byusingdifferentcountofyarn.

Theyarncount,inallcases,hasprescribedby thebuyers.Som/csettingistheonlywaytocontrolthegreyGSM.ThefinalGSMinthefinishedfabricdependonthefinishingtreatmentsandparametersoffinishingmachineries.

VDQpulley:

Count with corresponding GSMCount (Ne) GSM

40/1 100-12036/1 120-13032/1 130-14030/1 140-15028/1 150-16026/1 160-17024/1 170-18020/1 180-210

Yarn Tension in Circular Knitting M/cFabric Name Yarn Tension (CN)

Plain Single Jersey 6-8

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Page 33Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Rib jacquard or broad ribs cannot be produced in delayed timing because there will notalways be cylinder needles knitting either side of the dial needles from which to drawyarn. Although the dial knock-over is delayed, it is actually achieved by advancing thetiming of the cylinder knock-over (Fig. 7.11).

“GSM”Itisthecriticalparameterthatischeckedandcontrolledatdifferentstagedofprocessingthefabricafterknittingtofinishing.FabricGSMcanbecontrolledbythefollowingways:

ByvaryingthelooplengthbyVDQpulley.Byvaryingtheno.ofloopsby needlegaugesetting.Byusingdifferentcountofyarn.

Theyarncount,inallcases,hasprescribedby thebuyers.Som/csettingistheonlywaytocontrolthegreyGSM.ThefinalGSMinthefinishedfabricdependonthefinishingtreatmentsandparametersoffinishingmachineries.

VDQpulley:

Count with corresponding GSMCount (Ne) GSM

40/1 100-12036/1 120-13032/1 130-14030/1 140-15028/1 150-16026/1 160-17024/1 170-18020/1 180-210

Yarn Tension in Circular Knitting M/cFabric Name Yarn Tension (CN)

Plain Single Jersey 6-8

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Page 34Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Single Lacoste 7-81×1 Rib 0-2Interlock 4-6

Mesh eye let 6-82-Thread Fleece K (4-6), L (6-8)3-Thread Fleece K (4-8), B (2-4) , L (10-12)

“Fabric Spreader”

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Single Lacoste 7-81×1 Rib 0-2Interlock 4-6

Mesh eye let 6-82-Thread Fleece K (4-6), L (6-8)3-Thread Fleece K (4-8), B (2-4) , L (10-12)

“Fabric Spreader”

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Single Lacoste 7-81×1 Rib 0-2Interlock 4-6

Mesh eye let 6-82-Thread Fleece K (4-6), L (6-8)3-Thread Fleece K (4-8), B (2-4) , L (10-12)

“Fabric Spreader”

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“Stop Motion”Needle Detector: This part detect the any type of faults of needles.

Photo: Needle Detector.

Lycra Stop Motion:It is one kind of stop motion to stop the machine when theLycra is break.

Photo: Lycra Stop Motion.Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion: It is an important part of the machine. Itstops the machine instantly when a yarn is break.

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“Stop Motion”Needle Detector: This part detect the any type of faults of needles.

Photo: Needle Detector.

Lycra Stop Motion:It is one kind of stop motion to stop the machine when theLycra is break.

Photo: Lycra Stop Motion.Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion: It is an important part of the machine. Itstops the machine instantly when a yarn is break.

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“Stop Motion”Needle Detector: This part detect the any type of faults of needles.

Photo: Needle Detector.

Lycra Stop Motion:It is one kind of stop motion to stop the machine when theLycra is break.

Photo: Lycra Stop Motion.Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion: It is an important part of the machine. Itstops the machine instantly when a yarn is break.

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Photo: Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion.

“Adjustment of Cylinder & Dial”Cylinder Balancer:It helps the cylinder to set in a proper alignment.

Dial Balancer:It helps the dial to set in a proper alignment.

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Photo: Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion.

“Adjustment of Cylinder & Dial”Cylinder Balancer:It helps the cylinder to set in a proper alignment.

Dial Balancer:It helps the dial to set in a proper alignment.

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Photo: Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion.

“Adjustment of Cylinder & Dial”Cylinder Balancer:It helps the cylinder to set in a proper alignment.

Dial Balancer:It helps the dial to set in a proper alignment.

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Page 37Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Spirality”The ever increasing demand of knitted apparels has attracted attention in global nichemarket. In comparison to woven garment, around 50% of the clothing needs are met bythe knitted goods. It is well known that weft knitted fabrics tend to undergo certaindimensional change that causes distortion in which there is a tendency of the knittedloops to bend over, causing the wales to be at diagonal instead of perpendicular to thecourses (Figure 1).In other words, spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops whichturns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90degree. This is a very common problem in single jersey knits and it may exist in grey,washed or finished state and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functionalperformance of knitwear. However,it does not appear in interlock and ribknits because the wale on the face iscounter balanced by a wale on theback.

Course Spirality is a very commoninherent problem in plain knittedfabrics. Some of the practicalproblems arising out of the loopSpirality in knitted garments are:displacement or shifting of seams, mismatched patterns and sewing difficulties.

Fig.1: Angular relationship of course and Wales in a knitted structure

These problems are often corrected by finishing steps such as setting / treatment withresins, heat and steam, so that wale lines are perpendicular to the course lines. Suchsetting is often not stable, and after repeated washing cycles, skewing of the Walesnormally re-occurs.

Causes of generation:The residual torque in the component yarn caused due to bending and twisting is themost important phenomenon contributing to spirality. The residual torque is shown byits twist liveliness. Hence the greater the twist liveliness, the greater is the spirality.Twist liveliness of yarn is affected by the twist factor or twist multiple. Besides thetorque, spirality is also governed by fibre parameters, cross-section, yarn formationsystem, yarn geometry, knit structure and fabric finishing. Machine parameters docontribute to spirality. For instance, with multi-feeder circular knitting machines, courseinclination will be more, thus exhibit spirality.

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Page 37Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Spirality”The ever increasing demand of knitted apparels has attracted attention in global nichemarket. In comparison to woven garment, around 50% of the clothing needs are met bythe knitted goods. It is well known that weft knitted fabrics tend to undergo certaindimensional change that causes distortion in which there is a tendency of the knittedloops to bend over, causing the wales to be at diagonal instead of perpendicular to thecourses (Figure 1).In other words, spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops whichturns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90degree. This is a very common problem in single jersey knits and it may exist in grey,washed or finished state and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functionalperformance of knitwear. However,it does not appear in interlock and ribknits because the wale on the face iscounter balanced by a wale on theback.

Course Spirality is a very commoninherent problem in plain knittedfabrics. Some of the practicalproblems arising out of the loopSpirality in knitted garments are:displacement or shifting of seams, mismatched patterns and sewing difficulties.

Fig.1: Angular relationship of course and Wales in a knitted structure

These problems are often corrected by finishing steps such as setting / treatment withresins, heat and steam, so that wale lines are perpendicular to the course lines. Suchsetting is often not stable, and after repeated washing cycles, skewing of the Walesnormally re-occurs.

Causes of generation:The residual torque in the component yarn caused due to bending and twisting is themost important phenomenon contributing to spirality. The residual torque is shown byits twist liveliness. Hence the greater the twist liveliness, the greater is the spirality.Twist liveliness of yarn is affected by the twist factor or twist multiple. Besides thetorque, spirality is also governed by fibre parameters, cross-section, yarn formationsystem, yarn geometry, knit structure and fabric finishing. Machine parameters docontribute to spirality. For instance, with multi-feeder circular knitting machines, courseinclination will be more, thus exhibit spirality.

Industrial Attachment

Page 37Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Spirality”The ever increasing demand of knitted apparels has attracted attention in global nichemarket. In comparison to woven garment, around 50% of the clothing needs are met bythe knitted goods. It is well known that weft knitted fabrics tend to undergo certaindimensional change that causes distortion in which there is a tendency of the knittedloops to bend over, causing the wales to be at diagonal instead of perpendicular to thecourses (Figure 1).In other words, spirality occurs in knitted fabric because of asymmetric loops whichturns in the wales and course of a fabric into an angular relationship other than 90degree. This is a very common problem in single jersey knits and it may exist in grey,washed or finished state and has an obvious influence on both the aesthetic and functionalperformance of knitwear. However,it does not appear in interlock and ribknits because the wale on the face iscounter balanced by a wale on theback.

Course Spirality is a very commoninherent problem in plain knittedfabrics. Some of the practicalproblems arising out of the loopSpirality in knitted garments are:displacement or shifting of seams, mismatched patterns and sewing difficulties.

Fig.1: Angular relationship of course and Wales in a knitted structure

These problems are often corrected by finishing steps such as setting / treatment withresins, heat and steam, so that wale lines are perpendicular to the course lines. Suchsetting is often not stable, and after repeated washing cycles, skewing of the Walesnormally re-occurs.

Causes of generation:The residual torque in the component yarn caused due to bending and twisting is themost important phenomenon contributing to spirality. The residual torque is shown byits twist liveliness. Hence the greater the twist liveliness, the greater is the spirality.Twist liveliness of yarn is affected by the twist factor or twist multiple. Besides thetorque, spirality is also governed by fibre parameters, cross-section, yarn formationsystem, yarn geometry, knit structure and fabric finishing. Machine parameters docontribute to spirality. For instance, with multi-feeder circular knitting machines, courseinclination will be more, thus exhibit spirality.

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Page 38Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Fig: Causes of Spirality

“Dimensional Stability”This is a test method for measuring the changes in fabric dimension when subjected tochanging humidity conditions. The dimensional stability relating properties, namelyrelaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion, are measured. Relaxation shrinkage is definedas the percentage change in dry dimensions of fabric measured after 30-minute relaxationin water at room temperature. Hygral expansion is defined as the percentage change indimensions of relaxed fabric from wet condition to dry condition.A dimensional change resulting in a decrease in the length or width of a specimensubjected to specified conditions is known shrinkage. Reduction in length and width offabric induced by conditioning, wetting, steaming, chemical treatment, wet processing asin laundering, in chemical practice and in literatureThe following terms have been used to describe the shrinkage which occurs in testingprocedure: Relaxation shrinkage Felting shrinkage Compressive shrinkage Residual shrinkage

Industrial Attachment

Page 38Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Fig: Causes of Spirality

“Dimensional Stability”This is a test method for measuring the changes in fabric dimension when subjected tochanging humidity conditions. The dimensional stability relating properties, namelyrelaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion, are measured. Relaxation shrinkage is definedas the percentage change in dry dimensions of fabric measured after 30-minute relaxationin water at room temperature. Hygral expansion is defined as the percentage change indimensions of relaxed fabric from wet condition to dry condition.A dimensional change resulting in a decrease in the length or width of a specimensubjected to specified conditions is known shrinkage. Reduction in length and width offabric induced by conditioning, wetting, steaming, chemical treatment, wet processing asin laundering, in chemical practice and in literatureThe following terms have been used to describe the shrinkage which occurs in testingprocedure: Relaxation shrinkage Felting shrinkage Compressive shrinkage Residual shrinkage

Industrial Attachment

Page 38Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Fig: Causes of Spirality

“Dimensional Stability”This is a test method for measuring the changes in fabric dimension when subjected tochanging humidity conditions. The dimensional stability relating properties, namelyrelaxation shrinkage and hygral expansion, are measured. Relaxation shrinkage is definedas the percentage change in dry dimensions of fabric measured after 30-minute relaxationin water at room temperature. Hygral expansion is defined as the percentage change indimensions of relaxed fabric from wet condition to dry condition.A dimensional change resulting in a decrease in the length or width of a specimensubjected to specified conditions is known shrinkage. Reduction in length and width offabric induced by conditioning, wetting, steaming, chemical treatment, wet processing asin laundering, in chemical practice and in literatureThe following terms have been used to describe the shrinkage which occurs in testingprocedure: Relaxation shrinkage Felting shrinkage Compressive shrinkage Residual shrinkage

Page 39: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 39Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Shrinkage is mainly due to yarn swelling and the resulting crimp increase during washingin case of cotton fabrics. Yarn swelling percentage is more than polyester cotton blendingyarn.

a. Relaxation shrinkage: During manufactures fabrics and theircomponent yarns are subjected to tension under varying conditions oftemperature and moisture content, after manufacturing when the fabric is takenfrom the machine and keep on floor or store room, then the fabric tends toshrink, this type shrinkage is called relaxation shrinkage.

b. Felting shrinkage: In case of wool fibers dimensional changes can bemagnified by felting shrinkage. When untreated wool fibers are subjected tomechanical action in the presence of moisture

c. Compressive shrinkage: A process in which fabric is caused to shrinkin length by compression. The process often referred to as controlled compressiveshrinkage

d. Residual shrinkage: After washing the fabric is shrunk. This type ofshrinkage is called residual shrinkage. Residual shrinkage is the main factor ofgarments industry.

Remedy:Shrinkage can be control by use of higher count or Tumble Dry.

“Relation between Stitch Length & Color”Stitch length is increased with the corresponding dark color of knit fabric. That is clearlyobserved by the flowing table.Stitch length for light, medium and dark colored fabric:Buyer &Order

Dia×Gauge

Count Brand Lot StitchLength

ColourGaastra

Patch 3rd lot34×28 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.65 White34×28 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.70 AVG38×24 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.80 Navy34×18 26/1 CB +

40D LycraS.K 648 2.70 AVG

Gina Bridgettop-2nd lot

30×28 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.55 Black34×28 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.30 Off White34×18 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.30 AVG

Industrial Attachment

Page 39Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Shrinkage is mainly due to yarn swelling and the resulting crimp increase during washingin case of cotton fabrics. Yarn swelling percentage is more than polyester cotton blendingyarn.

a. Relaxation shrinkage: During manufactures fabrics and theircomponent yarns are subjected to tension under varying conditions oftemperature and moisture content, after manufacturing when the fabric is takenfrom the machine and keep on floor or store room, then the fabric tends toshrink, this type shrinkage is called relaxation shrinkage.

b. Felting shrinkage: In case of wool fibers dimensional changes can bemagnified by felting shrinkage. When untreated wool fibers are subjected tomechanical action in the presence of moisture

c. Compressive shrinkage: A process in which fabric is caused to shrinkin length by compression. The process often referred to as controlled compressiveshrinkage

d. Residual shrinkage: After washing the fabric is shrunk. This type ofshrinkage is called residual shrinkage. Residual shrinkage is the main factor ofgarments industry.

Remedy:Shrinkage can be control by use of higher count or Tumble Dry.

“Relation between Stitch Length & Color”Stitch length is increased with the corresponding dark color of knit fabric. That is clearlyobserved by the flowing table.Stitch length for light, medium and dark colored fabric:Buyer &Order

Dia×Gauge

Count Brand Lot StitchLength

ColourGaastra

Patch 3rd lot34×28 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.65 White34×28 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.70 AVG38×24 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.80 Navy34×18 26/1 CB +

40D LycraS.K 648 2.70 AVG

Gina Bridgettop-2nd lot

30×28 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.55 Black34×28 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.30 Off White34×18 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.30 AVG

Industrial Attachment

Page 39Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Shrinkage is mainly due to yarn swelling and the resulting crimp increase during washingin case of cotton fabrics. Yarn swelling percentage is more than polyester cotton blendingyarn.

a. Relaxation shrinkage: During manufactures fabrics and theircomponent yarns are subjected to tension under varying conditions oftemperature and moisture content, after manufacturing when the fabric is takenfrom the machine and keep on floor or store room, then the fabric tends toshrink, this type shrinkage is called relaxation shrinkage.

b. Felting shrinkage: In case of wool fibers dimensional changes can bemagnified by felting shrinkage. When untreated wool fibers are subjected tomechanical action in the presence of moisture

c. Compressive shrinkage: A process in which fabric is caused to shrinkin length by compression. The process often referred to as controlled compressiveshrinkage

d. Residual shrinkage: After washing the fabric is shrunk. This type ofshrinkage is called residual shrinkage. Residual shrinkage is the main factor ofgarments industry.

Remedy:Shrinkage can be control by use of higher count or Tumble Dry.

“Relation between Stitch Length & Color”Stitch length is increased with the corresponding dark color of knit fabric. That is clearlyobserved by the flowing table.Stitch length for light, medium and dark colored fabric:Buyer &Order

Dia×Gauge

Count Brand Lot StitchLength

ColourGaastra

Patch 3rd lot34×28 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.65 White34×28 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.70 AVG38×24 26/1 CB S.K 648 2.80 Navy34×18 26/1 CB +

40D LycraS.K 648 2.70 AVG

Gina Bridgettop-2nd lot

30×28 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.55 Black34×28 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.30 Off White34×18 40/1 CB CHESLIND 4794 2.30 AVG

Page 40: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 40Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Fabric Structure & DesignPlain single jersey

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKChain Notation Fabric Sample

4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4

1

2

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

Single Lacoste

KKKKKKTKTKTKKKKKKKKTKTKT

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 5 4 44 4 4 5

1

2

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

2-Thread Fleece

Industrial Attachment

Page 40Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Fabric Structure & DesignPlain single jersey

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKChain Notation Fabric Sample

4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4

1

2

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

Single Lacoste

KKKKKKTKTKTKKKKKKKKTKTKT

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 5 4 44 4 4 5

1

2

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

2-Thread Fleece

Industrial Attachment

Page 40Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Fabric Structure & DesignPlain single jersey

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKChain Notation Fabric Sample

4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4

1

2

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

Single Lacoste

KKKKKKTKTKTKKKKKKKKTKTKT

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 5 4 44 4 4 5

1

2

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

2-Thread Fleece

Page 41: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 41Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

KKKKKKMMMTMMKKKKKKMTMMMM

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 6 4 64 6 4 54 5 4 6

1

2 2

3

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

3-Thread Fleece

KKKKKKKKKKKK

MMMTMMKKKKKKKKKKKKMTMMMMChain Notation Fabric Sample

4 4 6 4 4 64 4 6 4 4 54 4 6 4 4 64 4 5 4 4 6

1

2

3

4

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement1×1 Rib

Industrial Attachment

Page 41Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

KKKKKKMMMTMMKKKKKKMTMMMM

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 6 4 64 6 4 54 5 4 6

1

2 2

3

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

3-Thread Fleece

KKKKKKKKKKKK

MMMTMMKKKKKKKKKKKKMTMMMMChain Notation Fabric Sample

4 4 6 4 4 64 4 6 4 4 54 4 6 4 4 64 4 5 4 4 6

1

2

3

4

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement1×1 Rib

Industrial Attachment

Page 41Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

KKKKKKMMMTMMKKKKKKMTMMMM

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 6 4 64 6 4 54 5 4 6

1

2 2

3

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

3-Thread Fleece

KKKKKKKKKKKK

MMMTMMKKKKKKKKKKKKMTMMMMChain Notation Fabric Sample

4 4 6 4 4 64 4 6 4 4 54 4 6 4 4 64 4 5 4 4 6

1

2

3

4

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement1×1 Rib

Page 42: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 42Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 44 4

Dial

Cylinder

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

Single jersey Derivatives:1. Single jersey with lycra and without lycra2. Single lacoste with half feeder lycra(inlacoste never used full feeder lycra)3. Pique & double lacoste4. Two thread terry5. Denim single jersey6. Three thread fleece

Double jersey derivatives:1. (1x1) Rib2. (1x1) half feeder lycra Rib3. (1x1) Full feeder lycra Rib4. (2x1) Rib5. (2x1) half feeder6. (2x1) full feeder lycra7. (2x1) Rib8. Offal Fabrics9. I-lack fabric10. Flat Back Rib

Different Knitting Calculation

4 44 4

1 12 2

2 21 1

Industrial Attachment

Page 42Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 44 4

Dial

Cylinder

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

Single jersey Derivatives:1. Single jersey with lycra and without lycra2. Single lacoste with half feeder lycra(inlacoste never used full feeder lycra)3. Pique & double lacoste4. Two thread terry5. Denim single jersey6. Three thread fleece

Double jersey derivatives:1. (1x1) Rib2. (1x1) half feeder lycra Rib3. (1x1) Full feeder lycra Rib4. (2x1) Rib5. (2x1) half feeder6. (2x1) full feeder lycra7. (2x1) Rib8. Offal Fabrics9. I-lack fabric10. Flat Back Rib

Different Knitting Calculation

4 44 4

1 12 2

2 21 1

Industrial Attachment

Page 42Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Chain Notation Fabric Sample

4 44 4

Dial

Cylinder

Cam Arrangement Needle Arrangement

Single jersey Derivatives:1. Single jersey with lycra and without lycra2. Single lacoste with half feeder lycra(inlacoste never used full feeder lycra)3. Pique & double lacoste4. Two thread terry5. Denim single jersey6. Three thread fleece

Double jersey derivatives:1. (1x1) Rib2. (1x1) half feeder lycra Rib3. (1x1) Full feeder lycra Rib4. (2x1) Rib5. (2x1) half feeder6. (2x1) full feeder lycra7. (2x1) Rib8. Offal Fabrics9. I-lack fabric10. Flat Back Rib

Different Knitting Calculation

4 44 4

1 12 2

2 21 1

Page 43: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 43Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Production Calculation for Single Jersey”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 25No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of Single Jersey

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=116.32 Kg

“Production Calculation for 1×1 Interlock”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 22No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of 1×1

Interlock= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=204 Kg

Industrial Attachment

Page 43Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Production Calculation for Single Jersey”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 25No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of Single Jersey

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=116.32 Kg

“Production Calculation for 1×1 Interlock”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 22No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of 1×1

Interlock= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=204 Kg

Industrial Attachment

Page 43Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Production Calculation for Single Jersey”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 25No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of Single Jersey

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=116.32 Kg

“Production Calculation for 1×1 Interlock”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 22No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of 1×1

Interlock= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=204 Kg

Page 44: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 44Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Production Calculation for 1×1 Rib”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 25No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of 1×1 Rib

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=232 Kg

“3 Thread Fleece Productions”Required Specification:Dia = 30Gauge=24Feeder=102RPM=25Efficiency=85%Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;26/1 for binding yarn;26/2 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 4.25 for knit yarn;3.35 for binding yarn;1.70 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=75.73 kg.Production for binding yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .

Industrial Attachment

Page 44Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Production Calculation for 1×1 Rib”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 25No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of 1×1 Rib

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=232 Kg

“3 Thread Fleece Productions”Required Specification:Dia = 30Gauge=24Feeder=102RPM=25Efficiency=85%Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;26/1 for binding yarn;26/2 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 4.25 for knit yarn;3.35 for binding yarn;1.70 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=75.73 kg.Production for binding yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .

Industrial Attachment

Page 44Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

“Production Calculation for 1×1 Rib”Required Specification:Machine Dia, D=28ʺMachine Gauge, G =24Stitch length, SL =2.80mmYarn count, Ne=30Machine RPM= 25No. of Feeder= 98Efficiency= 85%

Solution:Production of 1×1 Rib

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=232 Kg

“3 Thread Fleece Productions”Required Specification:Dia = 30Gauge=24Feeder=102RPM=25Efficiency=85%Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;26/1 for binding yarn;26/2 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 4.25 for knit yarn;3.35 for binding yarn;1.70 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=75.73 kg.Production for binding yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .

Page 45: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 45Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=59.69Kg

Production for pile yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=60.58kg

Total Fabric Production=75.73+59.69+60.58= 196Kg

“2 Thread Fleece Productions”Required Specification:Dia = 30Gauge=24Feeder=96RPM=25Efficiency=85%Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;20/1 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 3.25 for knit yarn;1.80 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=81.75 kg.Production for pile yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .

= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=58.86 kg

Total Fabric Production=81.75+58.86=140.62 Kg

“Percentage (%) of pile yarn calculation”Required Specification:

Industrial Attachment

Page 45Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=59.69Kg

Production for pile yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=60.58kg

Total Fabric Production=75.73+59.69+60.58= 196Kg

“2 Thread Fleece Productions”Required Specification:Dia = 30Gauge=24Feeder=96RPM=25Efficiency=85%Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;20/1 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 3.25 for knit yarn;1.80 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=81.75 kg.Production for pile yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .

= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=58.86 kg

Total Fabric Production=81.75+58.86=140.62 Kg

“Percentage (%) of pile yarn calculation”Required Specification:

Industrial Attachment

Page 45Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=59.69Kg

Production for pile yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=60.58kg

Total Fabric Production=75.73+59.69+60.58= 196Kg

“2 Thread Fleece Productions”Required Specification:Dia = 30Gauge=24Feeder=96RPM=25Efficiency=85%Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;20/1 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 3.25 for knit yarn;1.80 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn

= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .

=81.75 kg.Production for pile yarn= . ( )× . × × × × ×× . × × × × .

= × × × × × . × × × .× . × × × × .=58.86 kg

Total Fabric Production=81.75+58.86=140.62 Kg

“Percentage (%) of pile yarn calculation”Required Specification:

Page 46: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 46Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Dia = 30Gauge=20Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;26/1 for binding yarn;26/2 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 4.25 for knit yarn;3.35 for binding yarn;1.70 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .

= 0.000182 kg.

Production for binding yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .= .000143 kg.

Production for pile yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .= .000146 kg.

% of pile or loop yarn= .. . . × 100= 0.0001460.000471 × 100= 30.99%≈ 31%

“Lycra Percentage (%) calculation”Required specification:Dia of Lycra stand, D=1cm.Lycra Denier =20DMachine Dia =28ʺMachine Gauge =24Stitch length =2.80mmYarn count Ne=30

Solution:Circumference of Lycra stand =π×D =3.1416×1 =3.1416 cm

Lycra feed per revolution of cylinder = Circumference of Lycra stand × No. ofrevolution Lycra stand per revolution of cylinder

= 3.1416×55=172.788 cm

Industrial Attachment

Page 46Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Dia = 30Gauge=20Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;26/1 for binding yarn;26/2 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 4.25 for knit yarn;3.35 for binding yarn;1.70 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .

= 0.000182 kg.

Production for binding yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .= .000143 kg.

Production for pile yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .= .000146 kg.

% of pile or loop yarn= .. . . × 100= 0.0001460.000471 × 100= 30.99%≈ 31%

“Lycra Percentage (%) calculation”Required specification:Dia of Lycra stand, D=1cm.Lycra Denier =20DMachine Dia =28ʺMachine Gauge =24Stitch length =2.80mmYarn count Ne=30

Solution:Circumference of Lycra stand =π×D =3.1416×1 =3.1416 cm

Lycra feed per revolution of cylinder = Circumference of Lycra stand × No. ofrevolution Lycra stand per revolution of cylinder

= 3.1416×55=172.788 cm

Industrial Attachment

Page 46Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Dia = 30Gauge=20Count = 26/1 for knit yarn;26/1 for binding yarn;26/2 for loop or pile yarnStitch length = 4.25 for knit yarn;3.35 for binding yarn;1.70 for pile yarn.

Solution:Production for knit yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .

= 0.000182 kg.

Production for binding yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .= .000143 kg.

Production for pile yarn calculation = . × × × .× . × × × × .= .000146 kg.

% of pile or loop yarn= .. . . × 100= 0.0001460.000471 × 100= 30.99%≈ 31%

“Lycra Percentage (%) calculation”Required specification:Dia of Lycra stand, D=1cm.Lycra Denier =20DMachine Dia =28ʺMachine Gauge =24Stitch length =2.80mmYarn count Ne=30

Solution:Circumference of Lycra stand =π×D =3.1416×1 =3.1416 cm

Lycra feed per revolution of cylinder = Circumference of Lycra stand × No. ofrevolution Lycra stand per revolution of cylinder

= 3.1416×55=172.788 cm

Page 47: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 47Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

=1.72788 m

Lycra weight = × = . × =0.0038397 gm.Yarn feed per revolution of cylinder = Total no. of needle (π×D×G) × Stitch length

= 2111 × 2.80 mm= 5910.8 mm= 5.9108 m= 6.464 yds.

Yarn weight = . ×× × . = 0.1164 gm.

Lycra percentage (%) = × 100 %= .. × . × 100%

= 0.03193 × 100%=3.193 %≅ 3.20 %

“GSM Calculation”Required Specification:Fabric Type = Single LacosteWales per Inch (WPI) = 22Course per Inch (CPI) = 64Stitch Length (S.L) = 2.70 mmCount of Yarn = 24 Ne

Solution:

G.S.M = × × . ( ) × 0.9158= × × . × 0.9158= 145.06

“Flat knitting”

Industrial Attachment

Page 47Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

=1.72788 m

Lycra weight = × = . × =0.0038397 gm.Yarn feed per revolution of cylinder = Total no. of needle (π×D×G) × Stitch length

= 2111 × 2.80 mm= 5910.8 mm= 5.9108 m= 6.464 yds.

Yarn weight = . ×× × . = 0.1164 gm.

Lycra percentage (%) = × 100 %= .. × . × 100%

= 0.03193 × 100%=3.193 %≅ 3.20 %

“GSM Calculation”Required Specification:Fabric Type = Single LacosteWales per Inch (WPI) = 22Course per Inch (CPI) = 64Stitch Length (S.L) = 2.70 mmCount of Yarn = 24 Ne

Solution:

G.S.M = × × . ( ) × 0.9158= × × . × 0.9158= 145.06

“Flat knitting”

Industrial Attachment

Page 47Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

=1.72788 m

Lycra weight = × = . × =0.0038397 gm.Yarn feed per revolution of cylinder = Total no. of needle (π×D×G) × Stitch length

= 2111 × 2.80 mm= 5910.8 mm= 5.9108 m= 6.464 yds.

Yarn weight = . ×× × . = 0.1164 gm.

Lycra percentage (%) = × 100 %= .. × . × 100%

= 0.03193 × 100%=3.193 %≅ 3.20 %

“GSM Calculation”Required Specification:Fabric Type = Single LacosteWales per Inch (WPI) = 22Course per Inch (CPI) = 64Stitch Length (S.L) = 2.70 mmCount of Yarn = 24 Ne

Solution:

G.S.M = × × . ( ) × 0.9158= × × . × 0.9158= 145.06

“Flat knitting”

Page 48: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 48Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Flat knitting is a method for producing knitted fabrics, in which the work is turnedperiodically, i.e., the fabric is worked with alternating sides facing the knitter. Anothermethod of reaching the same result is to knit alternately from right to left and left toright without turning; this back-and-forth technique requires either innate or learnedambidextrous motor skills. The two sides (or "faces") of the fabric are usually designatedas the right side (the side that faces outwards, towards the viewer and away from thewearer's body) and the wrong side (the side that faces inwards, away from the viewerand towards the wearer's body).Flat knitting is usually contrasted with circular knitting, in which the fabric is alwaysknitted from the same side. Flat knitting can complicate knitting somewhat compared tocircular knitting, since the same stitch (as seen from the right side) is produced by twodifferent movements when knitted from the right and wrong sides. Thus, a knit stitch (asseen from the right side) may be produced by a knit stitch on the right side, or by a purlstitch on the wrong side. This may cause the gauge of the knitting to vary in alternatingrows of stockinette fabrics; however, this effect is usually not noticeable, and may beeliminated with practice (the usual way) or by using needles of two different sizes (anunusual and less effective way).In flat knitting, the fabric is usually turned after every row. However, in some versionsof double knitting with two yarns and double-pointed knitting needles, the fabric mayturned after every second row.

Flat bed/ V-bed knitting machine

Industrial Attachment

Page 48Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Flat knitting is a method for producing knitted fabrics, in which the work is turnedperiodically, i.e., the fabric is worked with alternating sides facing the knitter. Anothermethod of reaching the same result is to knit alternately from right to left and left toright without turning; this back-and-forth technique requires either innate or learnedambidextrous motor skills. The two sides (or "faces") of the fabric are usually designatedas the right side (the side that faces outwards, towards the viewer and away from thewearer's body) and the wrong side (the side that faces inwards, away from the viewerand towards the wearer's body).Flat knitting is usually contrasted with circular knitting, in which the fabric is alwaysknitted from the same side. Flat knitting can complicate knitting somewhat compared tocircular knitting, since the same stitch (as seen from the right side) is produced by twodifferent movements when knitted from the right and wrong sides. Thus, a knit stitch (asseen from the right side) may be produced by a knit stitch on the right side, or by a purlstitch on the wrong side. This may cause the gauge of the knitting to vary in alternatingrows of stockinette fabrics; however, this effect is usually not noticeable, and may beeliminated with practice (the usual way) or by using needles of two different sizes (anunusual and less effective way).In flat knitting, the fabric is usually turned after every row. However, in some versionsof double knitting with two yarns and double-pointed knitting needles, the fabric mayturned after every second row.

Flat bed/ V-bed knitting machine

Industrial Attachment

Page 48Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Flat knitting is a method for producing knitted fabrics, in which the work is turnedperiodically, i.e., the fabric is worked with alternating sides facing the knitter. Anothermethod of reaching the same result is to knit alternately from right to left and left toright without turning; this back-and-forth technique requires either innate or learnedambidextrous motor skills. The two sides (or "faces") of the fabric are usually designatedas the right side (the side that faces outwards, towards the viewer and away from thewearer's body) and the wrong side (the side that faces inwards, away from the viewerand towards the wearer's body).Flat knitting is usually contrasted with circular knitting, in which the fabric is alwaysknitted from the same side. Flat knitting can complicate knitting somewhat compared tocircular knitting, since the same stitch (as seen from the right side) is produced by twodifferent movements when knitted from the right and wrong sides. Thus, a knit stitch (asseen from the right side) may be produced by a knit stitch on the right side, or by a purlstitch on the wrong side. This may cause the gauge of the knitting to vary in alternatingrows of stockinette fabrics; however, this effect is usually not noticeable, and may beeliminated with practice (the usual way) or by using needles of two different sizes (anunusual and less effective way).In flat knitting, the fabric is usually turned after every row. However, in some versionsof double knitting with two yarns and double-pointed knitting needles, the fabric mayturned after every second row.

Flat bed/ V-bed knitting machine

Page 49: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 49Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Main parts:

1. Yarn package2. Front needle bed3. Yarn guide4. Needle spring5. Tension spring6. Fabric7. Cymbal tension8. Dead weighting system9. Yarn take-up10.Latch needle11.Fabric comb12.Yarn carrier13.Back needle bed

M/c description:

Industrial Attachment

Page 49Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Main parts:

1. Yarn package2. Front needle bed3. Yarn guide4. Needle spring5. Tension spring6. Fabric7. Cymbal tension8. Dead weighting system9. Yarn take-up10.Latch needle11.Fabric comb12.Yarn carrier13.Back needle bed

M/c description:

Industrial Attachment

Page 49Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Main parts:

1. Yarn package2. Front needle bed3. Yarn guide4. Needle spring5. Tension spring6. Fabric7. Cymbal tension8. Dead weighting system9. Yarn take-up10.Latch needle11.Fabric comb12.Yarn carrier13.Back needle bed

M/c description:

Page 50: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 50Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

In the following figure shows a cross section of a simple hand powered and manipulatedV-bed rib flat machine. The trick walls are replaced at the needle bed verges by fixed,thinner, polished and specially shaped knock-over bit edges. In rib gating, a knock-overbit in one bed will be aligned opposite to a needle trick in the other bed. During knitting,the edges of the knock-over bits restrain the sinker loops as they pass between theneedles and thus assist in the knocking over of the old loops and in the formation of thenew loops.

The cover plate is a thin metal blade, located in a slot across the top of the needle bedtricks. It prevents the stems of the needles from pivoting upwards out of the tricks as aresult of the fabric take down tension drawing the needle hooks downwards whilstallowing the needles to slide freely in their tricks.

Latch opening brushes are attached to the cam plates of both needle beds to ensure thatthe needle latches are fully opened. The supports of the brushes are adjustable to ensureprecise setting of the bristles relative to the needles.The cam-carriage either slides orruns on ball bearings or wheels, along guide rails, one of which is fixed over the lowerend of each needle bed. It is propelled either by hand or from a motor driven continuousroller chain or rubber belt.Each yarn carrier is attached to a block which slides along abar, which, like the carriage guide rails, passes across the full width of the machine.Twolevers are usually provided, one at each end of the needle bed. One is for racking theback needle bed, to change the gating of the needle beds for changes of rib set out or ribloop transfer. Cam system of the V-bed hand flat machine:The following figure illustrates the knitting action of a V-bed hand flat machine and theanother figure shows the underside of the cam carriage and the cams forming the tracksthat guide the needle butts through the knitting system.The needle butts will enter thetraversing cam system from the right during a left to right carriage traverse and from theleft during a right to left traverse. For each needle bed there are two raising cams (R),two cardigan cams (C) and two stitch cams (S).The arrangement as shown in the following figure is referred to as a knitting system. Asingle system machine will knit one course of rib in one traverse whereas a doublesystem machine will knit two courses of rib per traverse. Sometimes a set of cams in onebed is referred to as a lock.

A (L) – Raising cam (left)B (R) – Raising cam (right)C – Tuck cam (left & right)D (L) – stitch cam (left)D (R) – stitch cam (right)E – Guard cam

The knitting action of the V-bed machine:

Industrial Attachment

Page 50Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

In the following figure shows a cross section of a simple hand powered and manipulatedV-bed rib flat machine. The trick walls are replaced at the needle bed verges by fixed,thinner, polished and specially shaped knock-over bit edges. In rib gating, a knock-overbit in one bed will be aligned opposite to a needle trick in the other bed. During knitting,the edges of the knock-over bits restrain the sinker loops as they pass between theneedles and thus assist in the knocking over of the old loops and in the formation of thenew loops.

The cover plate is a thin metal blade, located in a slot across the top of the needle bedtricks. It prevents the stems of the needles from pivoting upwards out of the tricks as aresult of the fabric take down tension drawing the needle hooks downwards whilstallowing the needles to slide freely in their tricks.

Latch opening brushes are attached to the cam plates of both needle beds to ensure thatthe needle latches are fully opened. The supports of the brushes are adjustable to ensureprecise setting of the bristles relative to the needles.The cam-carriage either slides orruns on ball bearings or wheels, along guide rails, one of which is fixed over the lowerend of each needle bed. It is propelled either by hand or from a motor driven continuousroller chain or rubber belt.Each yarn carrier is attached to a block which slides along abar, which, like the carriage guide rails, passes across the full width of the machine.Twolevers are usually provided, one at each end of the needle bed. One is for racking theback needle bed, to change the gating of the needle beds for changes of rib set out or ribloop transfer. Cam system of the V-bed hand flat machine:The following figure illustrates the knitting action of a V-bed hand flat machine and theanother figure shows the underside of the cam carriage and the cams forming the tracksthat guide the needle butts through the knitting system.The needle butts will enter thetraversing cam system from the right during a left to right carriage traverse and from theleft during a right to left traverse. For each needle bed there are two raising cams (R),two cardigan cams (C) and two stitch cams (S).The arrangement as shown in the following figure is referred to as a knitting system. Asingle system machine will knit one course of rib in one traverse whereas a doublesystem machine will knit two courses of rib per traverse. Sometimes a set of cams in onebed is referred to as a lock.

A (L) – Raising cam (left)B (R) – Raising cam (right)C – Tuck cam (left & right)D (L) – stitch cam (left)D (R) – stitch cam (right)E – Guard cam

The knitting action of the V-bed machine:

Industrial Attachment

Page 50Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

In the following figure shows a cross section of a simple hand powered and manipulatedV-bed rib flat machine. The trick walls are replaced at the needle bed verges by fixed,thinner, polished and specially shaped knock-over bit edges. In rib gating, a knock-overbit in one bed will be aligned opposite to a needle trick in the other bed. During knitting,the edges of the knock-over bits restrain the sinker loops as they pass between theneedles and thus assist in the knocking over of the old loops and in the formation of thenew loops.

The cover plate is a thin metal blade, located in a slot across the top of the needle bedtricks. It prevents the stems of the needles from pivoting upwards out of the tricks as aresult of the fabric take down tension drawing the needle hooks downwards whilstallowing the needles to slide freely in their tricks.

Latch opening brushes are attached to the cam plates of both needle beds to ensure thatthe needle latches are fully opened. The supports of the brushes are adjustable to ensureprecise setting of the bristles relative to the needles.The cam-carriage either slides orruns on ball bearings or wheels, along guide rails, one of which is fixed over the lowerend of each needle bed. It is propelled either by hand or from a motor driven continuousroller chain or rubber belt.Each yarn carrier is attached to a block which slides along abar, which, like the carriage guide rails, passes across the full width of the machine.Twolevers are usually provided, one at each end of the needle bed. One is for racking theback needle bed, to change the gating of the needle beds for changes of rib set out or ribloop transfer. Cam system of the V-bed hand flat machine:The following figure illustrates the knitting action of a V-bed hand flat machine and theanother figure shows the underside of the cam carriage and the cams forming the tracksthat guide the needle butts through the knitting system.The needle butts will enter thetraversing cam system from the right during a left to right carriage traverse and from theleft during a right to left traverse. For each needle bed there are two raising cams (R),two cardigan cams (C) and two stitch cams (S).The arrangement as shown in the following figure is referred to as a knitting system. Asingle system machine will knit one course of rib in one traverse whereas a doublesystem machine will knit two courses of rib per traverse. Sometimes a set of cams in onebed is referred to as a lock.

A (L) – Raising cam (left)B (R) – Raising cam (right)C – Tuck cam (left & right)D (L) – stitch cam (left)D (R) – stitch cam (right)E – Guard cam

The knitting action of the V-bed machine:

Page 51: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 51Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Position 1: The rest position. The tops of the heads of the needles are level with theedge of the knock-over bits.

Position 2: Clearing. The needle butts are lifted until the latches clear the old loopsPosition 3: Yarn Feeding. Yarn is fed to the needles as they begin to descendPosition 4: Knocking –over. The new loops are drawn through the old loops, thuscompleting thecycle.

Specification of flat knitting machine:Machinebrand

Origin No. ofmachine

Machinegauge

Machinewidth

No. ofcarriage

Matsuya China 2 14 80" 2" " 8 14 68" 2" " 8 14 40" 1

Shima Seiki Japan 4 14 60" 2Total m/c = 22

Design of collar (TIL):1. Solid collar2. Tipping collar3. Ambos collar4. Picot collar5. Bird’s eye collar6. Double face collar

Industrial Attachment

Page 51Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Position 1: The rest position. The tops of the heads of the needles are level with theedge of the knock-over bits.

Position 2: Clearing. The needle butts are lifted until the latches clear the old loopsPosition 3: Yarn Feeding. Yarn is fed to the needles as they begin to descendPosition 4: Knocking –over. The new loops are drawn through the old loops, thuscompleting thecycle.

Specification of flat knitting machine:Machinebrand

Origin No. ofmachine

Machinegauge

Machinewidth

No. ofcarriage

Matsuya China 2 14 80" 2" " 8 14 68" 2" " 8 14 40" 1

Shima Seiki Japan 4 14 60" 2Total m/c = 22

Design of collar (TIL):1. Solid collar2. Tipping collar3. Ambos collar4. Picot collar5. Bird’s eye collar6. Double face collar

Industrial Attachment

Page 51Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Position 1: The rest position. The tops of the heads of the needles are level with theedge of the knock-over bits.

Position 2: Clearing. The needle butts are lifted until the latches clear the old loopsPosition 3: Yarn Feeding. Yarn is fed to the needles as they begin to descendPosition 4: Knocking –over. The new loops are drawn through the old loops, thuscompleting thecycle.

Specification of flat knitting machine:Machinebrand

Origin No. ofmachine

Machinegauge

Machinewidth

No. ofcarriage

Matsuya China 2 14 80" 2" " 8 14 68" 2" " 8 14 40" 1

Shima Seiki Japan 4 14 60" 2Total m/c = 22

Design of collar (TIL):1. Solid collar2. Tipping collar3. Ambos collar4. Picot collar5. Bird’s eye collar6. Double face collar

Page 52: Industrial attachment of northern corporation limited

Industrial Attachment

Page 52Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Capacity of Flat Knitting:Name of product Dimension (cm) Capacity (Pcs)

Collar 45×9.0 10000Cuff 40×3.5 20000

Industrial Attachment

Page 52Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Capacity of Flat Knitting:Name of product Dimension (cm) Capacity (Pcs)

Collar 45×9.0 10000Cuff 40×3.5 20000

Industrial Attachment

Page 52Southeast UniversityDepartment of Textile

Capacity of Flat Knitting:Name of product Dimension (cm) Capacity (Pcs)

Collar 45×9.0 10000Cuff 40×3.5 20000