Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity
description
Transcript of Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity
Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR
Foreign Ags……….
對外
Adaptive immunity
1. Antigen specificity
2. Diversity
3. Immunological memory
4. Self tolerance
Four characteristics
Clonal selection Immune diversity
Antigenspecificity Diversity Memory
Central tolerance Peripheral tolerance
Sites ofeffector function
Primary (Central): Bone marrow 骨髓 Thymus 胸腺 Secondary (Pheripheral): Lymph nodes 淋巴結 Spleen 脾臟 Peyer’s patches
Lymph node distribution in the body
Ag Innate Adaptive
Extracellular Phagocytes B cells
Intracellular NK CD8 Tc cells(Altered self)
Immunity & Ag location
Cytotoxicity
CD4 Th
Humoral response
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
1
2
Phagocytes
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC)
B/T cells
Lymphocyte activationClonal selectionHumoral Imm/CMIMemory
Inflammatory site
Inflammation
Inflammatorysite
Lymph node
Induction of adaptive immunity
Dendritic cells (DC)
Lymph node
DC
T
HEV
T cell activation
Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of CD4 Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Naïve, activated, effector
Humoral immunityCell-mediated immunity (CMI)
Act
ivat
ion
Eff
ecto
r
Three signals in naïve T cell activation
PrimingThe activation and differentiation of naïve T cells
Costimulation
Professional APC
Ag & MHC presentation pathways
DC/Macrophages/B cells
Foreignor
Self Ag
Signal 1
Signal 2
Signal 2 alone
CD4 T cell activation
IL2 production
Clonal expansion
Signal 1+2
IL2R
Professional APC
Lack of signal 2 upon T cell activation
Peripheral tolerance
Negativeregulation of signal 2
upon T cell activation
Peripheral tolerance
Inhibition of activated T cells
CD4 T cell differentiation
CMI: CD8 T Humoral response
Th17
Promote local inflammation
Signal 3: cytokine
Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Effector response
Innate immunity
Activation
Effectorphase
IL6Chemokines
Amplifier of acute Inflammation
(local site, BM)
Recruitment of neutrophils
Activation of macrophages
Expression of antimicrobial peptides
IL17
Ubiquitous expression of IL17R: fibroblasts, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, etc.
Rapid T cell response to infection: Th17
G-CSFGM-CSF
CD4 T cell differentiation
CD8 T
CMI
Humoralimmunity
CMI: Macrophages activated by Th1
APC activation
Cytotoxic granules
CMI:
CD8Tcytotoxic response
Membrane effector molecule
Effector T cells
Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Effector response
Effector Th2 cells
Humoral immunity:B cell response
B cells as APC
Affinity maturation
2. Somatic hypermutation
1. Isotype switching
3. Memory
CD4T-dependent:
Effector responseCD4 Th17, Th1/ Th2CD8 TcB cells
Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Adaptiveimmunity
Protective immunity & time
Apoptosis of effectors
Memory cells:long-lived