Induction for Plagiarism
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Transcript of Induction for Plagiarism
Plagiarism and Good
Academic Practice
Plagiarism, collusion and fabrication
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Plagiarism, collusion and fabrication are forms of cheating
See University’s General Regulations for more details:http://www.qub.ac.uk/directorates/media/Media,208258,en.pdf
Penalties may be imposed when cases of plagiarism, collusion or
fabrication are discovered in work submitted for assessment.
Depending on the case, one or several of the following actions may be
taken:
- Informal warning
- Written warning
- Award of a zero mark:
- the student(s) is allowed to re-do the work and full mark
is allowed to stand
- the student(s) is allowed to re-do the work for a
maximum of the pass mark
- the student(s) is not allowed to re-do the work
Collusion
Collusion
It is an academic offence for two or more students to work together on
an assignment that is meant to be done individually and hand the work
in as if they had each worked independently.
It is expected that the work being assessed, unless specifically
designated as a group assessment, shall be the sole work of that
student.
University’s General Regulations:
Working in pairs or groups is
useful
encourages discussion
helps understanding
You are encouraged to do so in practicals or
when preparing for seminars / tutorials
HOWEVER:
When handing in work that has to be assessed individually,
it must be your own work (written individually and using your own words)
Fabrication
Fabrication
It is an academic offence for a student to claim to have carried out
experiments, interviews or any form of research which he/she has
not in fact carried out, or to invent or falsify data, evidence or
experimental results.
It is also an academic offence for a student knowingly to make use
of falsified data as described above.
University’s General Regulations:
Falsification / Fabrication
The integrity of research depends on the integrity of the data and the
data record.
Falsification is the practice of omitting or altering research materials,
equipment, data, or processes in such a way that the results of the
research are no longer accurately reflected in the research record.
Fabrication is the practice of inventing data or results and recording
and/or reporting them in the research record.
They are serious offences in scientific research.
They make it difficult for scientists to move forward
Can lead students and colleagues to waste precious time, effort,
and resources investigating dead ends.
Think of ways in which you could modify the experimental protocol or the
methods in order to improve the data / results (e.g., how to improve a poor
yield or the purity of a product)
Think of what you have done: Did you follow the experimental method
correctly? Did you use instruments correctly? Could any of the starting
materials, standards, etc. be contaminated? etc.
Discuss the results with a demonstrator / supervisor
Repeat the experiment if necessary
Fabrication of data in research is dishonest and unethical….and it
could ruin your career….
Instead…
Try to find a logical explanation (show an
understanding of the scientific method)
‘S Korea cloning research was fake (Friday, 23 December 2005)
Research by South Korea's top human cloning scientist - hailed as a breakthrough
earlier this year - was fabricated, colleagues have concluded.
A Seoul National University panel said the research by world-renowned Hwang Woo-suk
was "intentionally fabricated", and he would be disciplined. Dr Hwang said he would
resign, but he did not admit his research was faked. "I sincerely apologise to the people
for creating shock and disappointment," he said after the panel's announcement. "As a
symbol of apology, I step down as professor of Seoul National University." ‘
Fabrication in the news
Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4554422.stm
A great scientific claim!
Enantioselective Reactions in a Static
Magnetic Field
Guido Zadel, Catia Eisenbraun, Gerd-
Joachim Wolff, and Eberhard Breitmaier*
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, No. 4
What happened next
…many failed attempts at
reproducing the results.
The publication met with an
enthusiastic response, but even at an
early stage misgivings were voiced.
G. Zadel had, after reinvestigation
of his working procedure by other
co-workers of the group,
confessed to having manipulated
the reaction solutions prior to the
experiments and that all results
reported in the publication must
therefore be regarded as invalid.
Plagiarism
University’s General Regulations:
Plagiarism is defined as the presentation of the work of
others as the writer’s own without appropriate
acknowledgement.
It is an academic offence for a student to permit another
student to copy his/her work submitted for assessment,
and both parties will be dealt with in accordance with
these procedures.
Plagiarism
It is an academic offence for students to plagiarise.
Plagiarism
In effect, includes:
•Handing in another person’s
work and pretending that it is your
own work
•Copying chunks out of articles,
chapters or books and pretending
that it is your own work
•Taking phrases or sentences
from the work of another and
pretending that it is your own
work
http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/Education/Plagiarism/
•Copying out chunks of another's work without using
quotation marks to show that this is the work of another
•Borrowing ideas from a source without giving a
reference (footnote, etc.) for what is borrowed
•Copying from the Internet
http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudiesandPhilosophy/Education/Plagiarism/
Paraphrasing
‘The purpose of paraphrasing is not to make it seem like you are
drawing less directly from other sources or to reduce the number of
quotations in your paper.
……. Good paraphrasing makes the ideas of the original source fit
smoothly into your paper, emphasizing the most relevant points and
leaving out unrelated information.’
From: http://www.plagiarism.org/learning_center/what_is_plagiarism.html
Learn to paraphrase
Plagiarism
Plagiarism may be deliberate (with the intention to deceive) or accidental (due
to poor referencing; lack of awareness). In either case, it’s unacceptable.
Cases of plagiarism range from poor or bad academic practice to fraud [it is an
illegal action when it breaches copyright or intellectual property rights (IPR)]
You wouldn’t want your own work to be plagiarised
Plagiarism is also dishonest and
unethical….and it could ruin your career….
‘Goodwin withdraws from Pulitzer judgingMarch 5, 2002 Posted: 9:05 AM EST (1405 GMT)
NEW YORK (CNN) -- Facing accusations that she is guilty of plagiarism, historian
Doris Kearns Goodwin has decided not to participate as a judge for this year's Pulitzer
Prizes.
Goodwin recently acknowledged lifting from other authors several passages in her 1987 best-
seller, "The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys." She said the passages appeared in her book by
accident, the result of confusing her own notes with those drawn from other sources.’
Plagiarism in the news
http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/books/03/05/goodwin.pulitzer/index.html
Plagiarism in the news
‘Downing St admits blunder on Iraq dossier
Plagiarism row casts shadow over No 10's
case against Saddam
Michael White, Ewen MacAskill and Richard Norton-Taylor
Saturday February 8, 2003
The Guardian
Downing Street yesterday apologised for its
failure to acknowledge that much of its latest
dossier on Iraq was lifted from academic
sources, as the affair threatened to further
undermine confidence in the government's
case for disarming Saddam Hussein.’
http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,,891577,00.html
Useful information can be found here:
Preventing Plagiarism: Student Resources
http://www.plagiarism.org/learning_center/what_is_plagiarism.html
Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_paraphr.html
http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofPoliticsInternationalStudi
esandPhilosophy/Education/Plagiarism/
Examples of plagiarism
Learning Development Service (Student Guidance Centre, QUB)
http://www.qub.ac.uk/directorates/sgc/
The Study Skills Handbook, Stella Cottrell, Palgrave Macmillan Ed.
University Regulations
http://www.qub.ac.uk/directorates/media/Media,208258,en.pdf
How to cite
Always include author(s), source, year, volume, and page(s). For example:
Author(s), Journal name or abbreviation, year, volume, page.
For text books, include also editorial and edition
Keep the same format throughout and make sure there are no
mistakes/misspellings (be consistent)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&
_udi=B6VMF-4P40KP1-
1&_user=126523&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_ali
d=1475620860&_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_ori
gin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=6149&_sort=r&_
st=0&_docanchor=&_ct=690221&_acct=C000010358&_
version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=126523&md5=4bae6
5d53ba205ba360b9026550b0617&searchtype=a
Every year students cite papers in their
essays by pasting long web addresses.
This is not an acceptable format!
Royal Society of Chemistry Format:
American Chemical Society Format:
RSC Guidelines (examples):
Journals:
A. C. Vickery, M. M. Olmstead, E. Y. Fung, and A. L. Balch, Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed. Eng., 1997, 36, 1179.
Patents
Br. Pat., 357 450, 1986. US Pat., 1 171 230, 1990.
Material presented at meetings
H. C. Freeman, Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Coordination
Chemistry, Toulouse, 1980.
Theses
A.D. Mount, Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 1977.
Books (e.g., monographs):
J. Barker, in Catalyst Deactivation, ed. B. Delmon and C. Froment, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, 2nd edn., 1987, vol. 1, ch. 4, pp. 253-255.
Using web and internet resources
Internet is an excellent source of information and it’s a good starting point to
research about a subject
BUT
Anyone can write a web page and there is no guarantee that the information is
correct – In fact, mistakes and misleading information are fairly common
Books and journals are independently refereed and checked thoroughly before
publication. Revised editions are published every so often…
….and even then, they still contain mistakes
Most web pages are NOT refereed or checked regularly (or at all); some are
more reputable than others.
Web pages change or are removed - Someone trying to access the source you
acknowledge may not be able to find it
Use the internet as an initial source of information or to access journal
home pages, but
• Whenever possible, always read and refer to the original source (not web-
based)
• Scientific journals don’t accept web pages as references; you should therefore
try to avoid them too (refer to the original source instead)
• If you have to use a web source, you should cite it. Some web pages contain
guidelines on how to use their material or give copyright information: read it and
respect it.
• There is no general consensus on how to cite web pages, but you should
include full URL address and, if known, the author(s). Often, the date of access
is also given.
Make sure you use a reliable source when using the internet
QUB has online access to most of the
leading chemistry journals
Some examples of the leading journal
publishers.....
Using databases to find publications....
Follow this guidelines to avoid plagiarism,
collusion and fabrication
The sources cited contain further examples
and information
If in doubt, ask your lecturer,
supervisor or module coordinator