Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an Automobile Engine
Induction, Cooling, & Exhaust Aviation Maintenance Technology
Transcript of Induction, Cooling, & Exhaust Aviation Maintenance Technology
Induction, Cooling, & Exhaust
Aviation Maintenance Technology
INDUCTION
Induction =
There are two basic types
1.
2.
Non-supercharged components
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Air Scoop
Air filters.
Ducting
Hot air valve, muff and ducting
Alternate air =
Fuel metering devices
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sensors
Latent heat of vaporization
Laws of evaporation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Deicing systems
Three types of ice.
1.
2.
3.
Vaporization ice
Throttle ice
Impact ice
CAT =
Intake system ducting
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Polished intake
Porting and blue printing
MAP Manifold Absolute Pressure
Any engine is primarily an air pump.
The air throttle valve
The maximum BMEP
Common problems, failures and diagnostic techniques
Leaks - small
Leaks - large
High power flat -
Restricted exhaust
Restricted fuel flow -
Supercharging
Critical altitude =
General gas law =
high cyl pressure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Detonation =
Pre-ignition =
Air Density
Factors effecting density
Avogadro’s law
Density altitude =
Supercharger
Supercharging
Turbo supercharging
Stages and speeds.
Stages:
Speeds:
Advantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Disadvantages,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Distribution impeller =
Conversions
Supercharger and *Turbosupercharger components.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Compressor housing
Compressor impeller
Turbine housing
Drive shaft
Transmissions
Diffusers are two main types:
1.
2.
Bearing housing,
Lubrication plumbing
The impeller shaft
Air ducting
Exhaust ducting
DO NOT
Control systems
Wastegate
Throttle valve
There are numerous configurations.
Density regulator
Pressure regulator
Simple system
One Lycoming system has four main components
1.
2.
3.
4.
Turbo supercharger
Density controller
Differential controller
Variable-pressure controller
Continential
1.
2.
3.
Pressure ratio controller
Variable absolute pressure controller
Adjustment criteria
Bootstrapping
Intercoolers
Over boost
Turbo compounding
Turbo supercharger problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Differential controller malfunctions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Density controller malfunctions.
1.
2.
Aircraft Fuel Metering
Purpose of metering
Terms
Terms
Take-off power =
Rated Power =
Absolute altitude =
Friction horsepower =
Mechanical efficiency =
Brake horse power =
Indicated horse power =
P =
L =
A =
N =
K =
MEP =
Otto cycle =
1
2
3
4
5
Density altitude =
Carburetor =
Metering =
Fuel injection =
Octane rating
Air metering force
Fuel metering force
Fuel distribution forces
Full rich:
Rich best power:
Lean best power:
Best economy:
Best power:
Fuel metering concepts
fuel characteristics
Aviation gasoline =
NOx =
CO =
Volatile =
RON =
MON =
(RON+MON)/2 =
Anti-detonation compound
Scouring additives
Color Octane BTU’s lead ml/gl
BTU =
=
Natural gas
Gasoline's
Diesels
Jet fuels
Spark plug arc
Best arc temp
The primary purpose of a fuel distribution
Turbulence generators
1
2
3
4
5
6
Typical method to “repair” vapor lock
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Automotive fuels
Methyl tertiary butyl ether
Methyl Alcohol
Air
Nitrogen = N
Oxygen = O
Water vapor = H2O
Avogadro’s law
Stochiometric ratio
Common ranges for aviation engines are:
Fuel metering concepts
engine operational needs
Some different operating modes are:
Starting operations:
Transitional operations:
Cruise operations:
High power settings:
Shut down operations:
Altitude - pressure compensation:
Fuel metering concepts
basic system outline
Fuel storage
Systems must have
Pump systems
Tubing, hoses, fire sleeve, and filtration as per FAR 23, 33, and 34.
Air metering system
Fuel metering system
Fuel distribution system
Air / air-fuel compressor system.
Combustion chamber intake valve
Carburetion Principles
Air Metering
True rotary engine.
Air metering
Carburetion Principles
Fuel Metering
Bernoulli’s Principle
Venturi effect.
Fuel staging
Fuel metering
Fuel Discharge
Fuel enrichment/derichment
Two methods for altering venturi pressures.
1. choke =
2. Alter fuel staging area
enrichment / derichment may be used for:
Carburetion Principles
Automatic Mixture Controls
Carburetion Principles acceleration systems
Acceleration systems
Float Carburetors
Manufacturers
Model identification systems
Marvel/Schebler
Stromberg-Bendix
5 to 6 groups
First Group:
Second Group:
Fourth Group:
Fifth Group:
Sixth Group:
Bing
Float carburetors
Floats
Fuel metering force
Idle circuits
Float lever
Acceleration systems,
Fuel enrichment circuits
Stromberg
Pressure Carburetors
The primary differences between float and pressure carburetors are:
Air metering force is created with a pressure differential:
Fuel is regulated
Auxiliary components can include:
Accelerator Pump
Enrichment / idle control
Mixture control circuits
Fuel Injection
Manufacturers
Bendix
Has four main sections
Uses the same A, B, C, D, pressures
Air metering and regulation
Fuel regulation
Fuel metering section includes:
Fuel distribution
Mixture control
Contenintal Continuous Flow Fuel Injection
System operation
Anti-Detonation Injection
The system can contain:
Three common regulators are:
Trouble Shooting
basic strategy
1. Verify the complaint.
2. Research - looking for:
3. Perform any indicated tests or repairs from step 2.
4. Analyze the results of step 3.
5. Reverify full system operation for complete repair, and or previously hidden problems.
6. Perform appropriate paperwork entries.
Trouble Shooting
general overhaul techniques
Trouble Shooting
common failures
General Notes:
Float Inspections
Main body inspections
Jet and needle valve inspection
Diaphragms, seals, and gaskets
Linkages and cables
Trouble Shooting
Inspection Tips
100 hr insp. float carb.