Indoor Positioning

Prepared by:

Doaa Gamal

Lecturer Assistant

Faculty of Engineering – Suez Canal University1

Outline

• Outdoor Positioning

• Why indoor positioning needs new technology

• User requirements

• Positioning Methods

• SURVEY OF SYSTEMS for indoor positioning

• Indoor positioning on smartphones (WIFISLAM )

• Qualcomm solution

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Outdoor Positioning

Developed and maintained by the US Department

of Defense (DOD)

Officially known as the NAVSTAR System

(Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging).

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History of GPS

Outdoor Positioning

1969—Defense Navigation Satellite System

(DNSS) formed

1973—NAVSTAR Global Positioning System

developed

1978—first 4 satellites

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History of GPS

Outdoor Positioning

• 1993—24th satellite launched; initial operational

capability

• 1995—full operational capability

• May 2000—Military accuracy available to all users

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History of GPS

Outdoor Positioning

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Outdoor Positioning

Differential GPS (DGPS)

Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)

Assisted GPS (AGPS)

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GPS accuracy enhancement

Why indoor positioning needs new

technology

• Non‐Line‐of‐Sight (NLoS) conditions

• Severe multipath and signal scattering

• high attenuation

• fast temporal changes due to the presence of people

and opening of doors

• high demand for precision and accuracy

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User requirements (application

requirements)

• accuracy

• coverage area

• cost

• robustness

• scalability

• number of users

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User requirements (accuracy)

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Positioning Methods

• Cell of Origin (CoO) / Proximity Detection

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Positioning Methods

• Centroid Determination

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Positioning Methods

• Lateration / Trilateration (TOA/RTOF)

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Positioning Methods

• Lateration / Trilateration (TDOA)

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Positioning Methods

• Lateration / Trilateration (RSSI)

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Positioning Methods

• Angulation (AOA)

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Positioning Methods

• Fingerprinting (FP) / Scene Analysis

• Dead Reckoning (DR)

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SURVEY OF SYSTEMS FOR

INDOOR POSITIONING

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Using electromagnetic waves

• GPS-based (A-GPS)

• Cellular-based

• UWB

• WLAN

• Bluetooth

• RFID

SURVEY OF SYSTEMS FOR

INDOOR POSITIONING

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Other techniques

• inertial navigation

• Ultra-sound

• Visible and infrared waves

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Indoor positioning on

smartphones

• Accelerometer

• gyroscope

• magnetometer

• barometer (iphone6)

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Sensors in Iphones

Indoor positioning on

smartphones (WIFISLAM )

• using only ambient Wi-Fi signals (RSSI) and mobilesensors

• Requires an initial fingerprinting of a building

• RSSI signature map is used then to localize a mobiledevice by comparing the measurements it makesagainst the map.

• 2.5m accuracy

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Indoor positioning (Qualcomm)

• using only ambient Wi-Fi signals (RSSI) and mobile

sensors and map constraints

• Uses model-based approach

• 2m accuracy

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References

• Liu Et Al.: Survey Of Wireless Indoor Positioning TechniquesAnd Systems, Ieee Transactions On Systems, Man, AndCybernetics—part C: Applications And Reviews, Vol. 37, No.6, November 2007

• Naguib, Ayman, et al. "Scalable and accurate indoorpositioning on mobile devices." Indoor Positioning andIndoor Navigation (IPIN), 2013 International Conference on.IEEE, 2013.

• R. Mautz, “Indoor positioning technologies,” 2012,habilitation thesis, ETH Zurich

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