Indoor & Outdoor Air Pollution

Student Number: 109109072

Overview• Health Effects of Air Pollution- Indoor & Outdooro Disease Burden- Indoor & Outdoor

• Outdoor Air Pollutiono Guidelines, Legislation & Agreementso Precautionary Principle

• Indoor Air Pollution o Disease Burdeno Energy Laddero Solutions

Outdoor Air Pollution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ikahv9ljpBc

Health Effects of Air Pollution

Lung, nasopharyngeal,

Laryngeal CAIHD

Low birth weightAdverse pregnancy

outcomes

Smith,1993

EU LegislationThe Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe (CAFE) Directive was transposed into Irish legislation by the Air Quality Standards Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 180 of 2011).

International: Kyoto Protocol 37 industrialized countries and the European Community have committed to reducing their

emissions by an average of 5 percent against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012.

The Precautionary Principle

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) Statistics

• 3 billion people cook and heat their homes burning biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal.

• 2 million deaths annually • 41 million disability adjusted life years worldwide 2008.• 2.7 % global burden of disease• 56% of IAP deaths among children under five• 1 million people a year die from chronic obstructive respiratory

disease (COPD) due to indoor air pollution• Both women and men exposed to heavy indoor smoke are 2-3

times more likely to develop COPD.• Kills 1 person every 16 seconds

Source: World Health Organisation 2006

Disease burden (DALYs) due to indoor air pollution by level of development - 2004

Source: World Health Organisation 2004

Indoor Air Pollution- Solutions

Energy Ladder

Source: World Health Organisation

Coming clean: modern fuels, modern stoves UN Sustainable Energy for All

3 objectives to be achieved by 2030 1. Providing universal access to modern energy

services.2. Doubling the global rate of improvement in energy

efficiency.3. Doubling the share of renewable energy in the global

energy mix.

References

• Bruce, N, Perez-Padilla, R & Albalak, R. (2000) The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000, 78:1078–1092.

• McMichael, A.J (2000)The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalisation: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 78, 1117- 11126.

• Smith, K.R (1993) Fuel Combustion Air Pollution, Exposure and Health: the Situation in Developing Countries, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 18: 529-566.

• Sovacool, B (2012) The Political economy of energy poverty: A review of key challenges, Energy for Sustainable Development, 16 (2012) 272-282.

• United Nations Development Program. (2010) Human development report 2010. New York: United Nations.

• United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (available on http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/about-us, last visited 11th November 2012)

• World Health Organization. (2002) .World Health Report 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization.

• World Health Organization (2004) Outdoor Air Pollution, Assessing the environmental Burden of Disease at National and Local level, Geneva: World Health Organization

• World Health Organization (2005) WHO air quality guidelines: global update 2005. Geneva: World Health Organization (available on: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair_aqg/en/, last visited 9th November 2012)

• World Health Organization (2012) Global Burden of Disease due to indoor air pollution. Geneva: World Health Organization( available on: http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/burden_global/en/, last visited 11th November 2012)

• World Health Organization (2006). Fuel for life: household energy and health. Geneva: World Health Organization