Indonesia Electrified Vehicle StudyCase : Bandung City and Surrounding Areas

PRESENTER : D R . AGUS PURWADI * )* )NATIONAL CENTER FOR S USTAINABLE T R ANSPORTATION T ECHNOLOGY &

S CHOOL OF EL ECTRICAL ENGINERING & I NFORMATICS – I T B)

IN COOPERATION WITH

MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY – REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

PRESENTED on INDONESIA – JAPAN AUTOMOTIVE SEMINAR JAKARTA , 29 JANUARY , 2019

Backgrounds

Electrified Vehicle Study

Testing Environments

Results

Conclusions

1

2

3

4

5

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Indonesia’s Automotive Sector Overview1)

Background

1,062,716

1,177,797

1,079,534

1,216,615

1,100,000

950,000

1,000,000

1,050,000

1,100,000

1,150,000

1,200,000

1,250,000

Sales Production

Num

ber o

f Veh

icle

s [U

nit] 2016 2017 2018

The rising economy will be followed by increased mobility of people and goods thereby increasing energy demand for transportation

- Sales growth = 4.9 %- 2018 forecasted sales

= 1,100,000 units

- Production growth = 7.2 %

- 59 % from Installed Capacity, need to expand production volume

- 4th most populous country in the world - 2nd largest in ASEAN, with annual

capacity of around 2.2 million units per year

- the automotive sector as one of country’s five priority industries

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Energy Security Issue 2,3,4)

The 2nd largest rank Energy

Consumption

Table 1. Indonesia Energy Balance – 20162)

[Thousand BOE]

The Largest consumers of

fuel

Land Transportation

The use of fuel is dominated

by Land Transportation

[Million BOE]

Table 2. Fuel Consumption in Transportation Category4)Import

Dependency3)

= 44 %

Background

Fuel availability is vulnerableto global conditions(price, stock, season, conflict)

4

Environmental issue 4)

Background

Increased GHG emission will have implications to global warming, climate change and public health

Fig. 1 Contribution of Each Sector in Green House Gasses (GHG)Emissions due to Energy consumption in 20164)

- In 2016, fuel usage on transportation sector contribute 24.71% (127,881 Ggrams CO2e) GHG emission from national total GHG emission (517,508 Ggrams CO2e),

- 2nd rank after Energy ProductionIndustry sector .

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State-of-The-Arts & Lesson Learned 5,6,7,8,9,10)

Background

Connectivity, Autonomous, Shared and Electrified Vehicle are the key of future mobility

6

State-of-The-Arts & Lesson Learned 5,6,7,8,9,10)

Background

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R&D $1170 million

Taxreduction

$588million

Infrastructure $2300million

Subsidies $3120million

In China, the government put large investment on NEV industry:Tax reduction, research & development, infrastructure building, andsupplying subsidies.

Up to 2016, the total investment reached about $7.2 billion.

In 2017, China had the largest electric car stock: 40% of the global total.

Purpose and StagingStep:1

Research on 2 Main Aspects Step: 2

Staging Plan for Implementation

Electrified VehicleProgram Implementation Plan in Indonesia

- Staging plan- Infrastructure development- policy & Regulation- Socialization , etc

Technical CharacteristicStudyFor gathering technical data from real world driving condition of Electrified Vehicle in Indonesia such as fuel consumption, CO2 emission, Charging condition , etc.

A

User Convenience StudyFor understanding user responds and convenience related to Electrified Vehicle usage

B

Research Purpose

✓To establish a comprehensive staging implementation plan of Electrified Vehicle Program in Indonesia for reference to all related stakeholders.

Electrified Vehicle Study

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ActivitiesStep 1

Research Preparation

(Methodology)

Step 2Research

Step 3Results Analysis

▪ Units and Infrastructure Preparation

✓ Units and Charging Preparation✓ University MoA✓ Research Methodology

▪ Research Activity▪ University researcher will conduct actual testing

in the fields and collecting the data i.e :✓ Fuel consumption✓ Charging condition✓ Charging infra needs✓ User experience, convenience, etc.

▪ Data Analysis➢ Analysis of data collected for LCEV

implementation plan staging riset in Indonesia✓ Infrastructure/SPLU or household

charging ✓ Fuel consumption effects ✓ CO2 Emission

Analysis

Test Results

Electrfied Vehicle Implementation Staging

In Indonesia

PHEV

HEV

Charging Station

Data Data Data

Data Test Collection

ICE

Electrified Vehicle Study

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Schedule

A

Milestone

A. TechnicalCharacteristics

& B. User

ConvenienceStudy

AprW1 W2 W3 W4

MayW1 W2 W3 W4

2019Aug ~ SepJun ~ Jul Oct ~

Dec

GIACWorld BankForum

Research &Study Kick-off with

Kemenperin (MOI)

Phase I Researh w/ univ. @ Jakarta, Bandung, Jogjakarta

Units andCharging preparation

Phase II Researchw/ univ. @

Solo, Surabaya,Bali

Bali Smart City

EV (Electrified Vehicle) Center

- Research Results Dissemination

Electrified Vehicle Study

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Ministry of Industry Kick-off Electrified Vehicle Study

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Testing Car SpecificationsParameter

Capacity

Engine CapacityElectric Motor Traction

Electric Generator/Motor

Unit

[kWh]

[kW]

External Charging Station Input Voltage [VAC]Frequency [Hz]

ICE1798

--

-Protection

HEV

1.31

1798

--

-

PHEV

8.80

179853

22.5

175 - 26450/60

Ground Fault and Surge

Type NiMH Li-Ion

[cc]

[kW] -

-

-Voltage [Volt]

-

351.5

Battery Storage

Output Current [A] Max. 32

Enclosure NEMA 3R (Rain-Proof)

- 201.6

- -

-53

- -

Electrified Vehicle Study

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Indonesia Electricity11)

Testing Environments

Household Customers

Household Customer Classification

Target-2025 (RUPTL 2018-2027)Realization 2017

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Indonesia Electricity Emission Factor12)

Electricity Emission Factor = 733 g.CO2/kWH

Testing Environments

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Solo

Bandung City in Numbers 13)

Altitude : 666 – 892 m aslTotal Populations : 2.497.938Total Area : 167,3 km2

Total Car : 482.775

Total Motorcycle : 1.328.723Daily Car in Road : 16 %Daily Mot.cycle in Road : 50%Road length : 1168 km

No. Of Traffic Light : 117Av. Speed : 14,3 km/hourAv. Stop time: 27% x travel time

Testing Environments

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Bandung City in Numbers

18,8oC

30,5oC

Rainfall : 39 – 442 [mm/hour]Rain day : 6 – 27/month

Temperatureavg= 23,8oC

Basin Relative Humidityavg = 77%

Wind Speed : max. 19 Knot

82%

71%

CO2 Emission :Weekday : 1800 kg/dayWeekend : 2500 kg/day[measured in Pasteur TollGate and Pasupati Bridge]

Around 1 Million people/day from surroundingBorder of Bandung Cityare work/bussiness at Bandung City

Testing Environments

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Set-up : Random Daily Urban-Trip No Predefined Conditions ICE HEV PHEV

1 Usable Electrical Energy - - 100 % SOC at first travel in every day

2 Vehicle Acces. Utilization AC Always ON, set at 22oC

3 Engine Start-up/Warm-up Travel duration > 15 minute, Initial Engine Temp. > 50oC

4 Ambient Temperature 19oC – 31oC

5 Route Type up-hill/down-hill, resident to office area, city area, day and night

6 Driving Style Normal

7 Driving Distance Range : 1) 20-30 km, 2) 40-100 km, Occasionally out-of-town

8 Number Of Passenger 2/3 persons

9 Gross Weight 1292 kg. 1395 kg. 1545 kg

Testing Environments

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ITB

Results : Random Daily Urban-Trip

Map

8 km

Bandung cityICE

PHEV

HEV

10 km

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ICE : Driving Distance ProfilesResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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ICE : Fuel Economy ProfilesResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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HEV : Driving Distance ProfilesResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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HEV : Fuel Economy ProfilesResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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PHEV : Driving DistanceResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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PHEV : Fuel EconomyResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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Parameter Unit ITB-1-Corolla ITB-4-Corolla ITB-2-HEV ITB-5-HEV ITB-3-PHEV ITB-6-PHEV

Data Collecting Date [Year 2018] 21 Apr.−16 Sept. 14 Jul. -25

Sept. 21 Apr.-25 Sept. 14 Jul. -25 Sept. 18 Apr.-25 Sept.

21 Apr.-25 Sept.

Measurement Period [Days] 101 of 119 61 of 74 99 of 128 63 of 74 83 of 131 51 of 74Total Driving Distance [km] 6.142,2 3.927,3 5.293,2 4.762,4 5.051,8 3.987,7

HV Driving Distance [km] - - - - 2.734,8 2.059,2EV Driving Distance [km] - - - - 2.317,0 1.928,5

EV Driving Ratio [%] - - - - 45,9 48,4Total Electric Power Consumpt. During EV Driving [kWh] - - - - 247,1 206,4

Average EV Driving Efficiency [km/kWh] - - - - 9,4 9,3Total Regenerative Energy [kWh] - - - - 211,7 196,5Total Fuel Consumption [L] 563,1 363,8 241,6 211,7 122,0 93,6Average Fuel Economy [km/L] 10,9 10,8 21,9 22,5 41,4 42,6Total AC Electric Power Consumption During EV Driving [kWh] - - - - 36,4 32,3

AC. Elect. Consump. Ratio [%] - - - - 14,8 15,7Average Charging Frequency [times/day] - - - - 0,8 1,1Total CO2 Emission (calculation) [gr] 1.322.543 854.374 567.531 497.092 467.740 371.080

SummaryResults : Random Daily Urban-Trip

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Comparison : Annual Fuel Consumption and Reduction

Results : Random Daily Urban-Trip

AsumptionsAnnual Mileage : 12.000 kmFuel Economy : Validation Test ResultsEV Cover Ratio of PHEV : Validation Test Results

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Comparison : Annual CO2 Emission and Reduction

Results : Random Daily Urban-Trip

AsumptionsAnnual Mileage : 12.000 kmFuel Economy : Validation Test ResultsEV Cover Ratio of PHEV : Validation Test ResultsElectricity Emission Factor : 733 grCO2/kWh

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Engine Temperature

Trip 01 : Urban Trip 01 : Highway Trip 01 :Downhill

Trip 02 : Traffic jam

Trip 03 : Downhill to Garut Trip 04 : Night trip to Bdg.

Trip 02 : Drajat PassTrip 02 : Uphill to Drajat Pass

ICE – Engine Temperature

Results of IR Thermal Scanner : Temperature is measured at home garage after back from office at 05.00 PM

Results : Random Daily Urban-Trip

PHEV – Engine Temperature

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• The results of the fuel economy test , for daily random travel patterns of ICE, HVE and PHEV vehicles inthe city of Bandung and its surroundings, are shown in the following Table:

• The percentage of annual reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of HEV and PHEV vehiclescompared to ICE vehicles, assuming the travel of each vehicle of 12,000 km / year with a daily randompattern, is shown in the following Table:

Conclusions

Parameters Units ICE HEV PHEV

Distance Range [km] 60,8 – 64,4 53,5 – 75,6 60,9 – 78,2

Fuel Economy Range [km/L] 10,8 – 10,9 21,9 – 22,5 41,4 – 42,6

Parameters Units HEV PHEV

Fuel Consumption Reduction [%] 50,2 -52,0 73,6 – 74,7

CO2 Emission Reduction [%] 50,2 – 52,0 66,0 – 66,2

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References[1] “ GAIKINDO Report on The 13th GAIKINDO Automotive Conference 2018”, August 2, 2018[2] “Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia 2017”, Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi Energi dan Sumber

Daya Mineral, Kementerian ESDM, Republik Indonesia, 2017[3] “Indonesia Energy Outlook 2016”, Dewan Energi Nasional, Kementerian ESDM, Republik Indonesia, 2017[4] “Kajian Penggunaan Faktor Emisi Lokal (Tier 2) dalam Inventarisasi GRK Sektor Energi”, Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi

Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Kementerian ESDM, Republik Indonesia, 2017[5] “Paradigm shift toward Sustainable Low-Carbon Transport”, Inst. for Transportation and Development Policy, USA, 2012[6] “Automotive Revolution Perspective toward 2030”, McKinsey Consultant., 2015 [7] “China’s NEV Policies and Market Development “, Dr. Feng An, Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation(iCET),

Oct, 2016[8] “Global EV Outlook”, International Energy Agency (IEA), 2018[9] “Rethinking Transportation 2020 –2030”, Tony Seba, Stanford Univ., 2017[10] “30th International Conference on Engine and Environment “, AVL GmBH, Graz Austria, June 7 – 9, 2018[11] “RUPTL PT PLN (Persero) 2018 – 2027”, Kementerian ESDM, 2018 [12] “World Energy Outlook 2017”, IEA[13] “Kota Bandung Dalam Angka”, Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Bandung, 2018, ISSN: 0215.2320, No. Publikasi :

32730.1803, Katalog : 1102001.3273

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