Indo-Bangladesh Enclaves
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Transcript of Indo-Bangladesh Enclaves
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Kashmir and theIndo-Bangladesh
EnclavesJeremy Caldwell
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Kashmir - History• Once a princely state, taken by
both India and Pakistan in 1947• Insurgents rose in the 1980s
when Indian government denied people democracy
• India and Pakistan have fought several wars over the region.
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Kashmir- Conflict• China claims northern areas,
Pakistan claims west, India claims fertile east
• Perfect climate for agriculture, grows rice, grains, corn, vegetables, and fruits• Highly profitable agriculture
• Renowned for Cashmere wool
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Kashmir - Independence• Short-term Issues
• Pakistan and India both want control of Kashmir
• No formal government for 70+ years, no practice with democracy
• Long-term Issues• Only primary and secondary industry
• Prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes
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Kashmir - Future• Independence highly unlikely
• Fighting very common, deaths in the thousands
• India and Pakistan adamant for control
• International support needed for success
• Must strike before all-out war begins
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Muhuri River Char -History• The border has always been
unstable as the river constantly changes course
• Conflicts arose in 1893 with East Pakistan and in 1974 with Bangladesh
• Border issue resolved in 2011
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Muhuri River Char -Aftermath• Both countries building
embankments to keep river from shifting
• Island (“char”) in the middle of the river was under dispute
• Fertile soil used by Indian rice farmers, fell in Bangladesh territory
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Muhuri River Char - Future• As of 2011, no border disputes exist
• No desire for sovereignty in the region
• In the future, conflict will likely arise as Indian farmers try to keep control of the river• Strong possibility of peaceful negotiation, no need for supranational
organizations
• Conflict likely to arise soon, farmers still rely on the land
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Pyrdiwah - History• Partition of Bengal – 1947
• Poorly defined borders, enclaves on both sides
• India used Pyrdiwah(Bangladeshi town) as military base until 1971
• War broke out in 2001 around Pyrdiwah• 6.5 km of border under dispute
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Pyrdiwah - Aftermath• War ended in status quo
• Nothing changed, tensions rose between India and Bangladesh
• Many fled the region for fear of further bloodshed• 6,000 Indians left
• India built a fence 150 m from the border
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Pyrdiwah - Future• No resource conflict, no desire
for independence
• It is likely that the issue will be resolved peacefully• History of negotiations and
alliance between India and Bangladesh
• Fence causing controversy, Indian border guards have killed at least 70 illegal immigrants
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