Individual Differences - Handout 3

8/20/2019 Individual Differences - Handout 3

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CHAPTER 2 In v ua D erences: Persona ty an A ty

Copyright 2!!2 Prentice"Hall

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES:

PERSONALITY AND ABILITY


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Personality

• Personality: The pattern of relativelyenduring #ays in #hich a person feels$thin%s$ and behaves& –

Develops over a person's lifeti(e – )enerally stable in the conte*t of #or%

– Can influence career choice$ +ob satisfaction$stress$ leadership$ and even perfor(ance

• Trait : A specific co(ponent of personality that describes particulartendencies a person has to feel$ thin%$ andact in certain #ays&


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Insert ,igure 2&- here


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Advie to !ana"ers

•Ac%no#ledge and appreciate that #or%ers' feelings$ thoughts$attitudes$ and behaviors are partly deter(ined by their

personalities$ #hich are difficult to change& Reali.e that you(ight need to ad+ust your o#n feelings and actions to #or%effectively #ith others&

•

/hen you are trying to understand #hy #or%ers have certainattitudes and behave in certain #ays$ re(e(ber that attitudesand behaviors are deter(ined by the interaction of anindividual's personality and the situation in #hich the individual#or%s&

•

/hen feasible$ structure an individual's #or% situation to fit hisor her personality& A good (atch is li%ely to result in positiveattitudes and behaviors&

• Encourage $ accept and appreciate of the diverse personalities inyour organi.ation&


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T#e Bi" Five !odel o$ Personality

• E%troversion: The tendency to e*perience positivee(otional states and feel good about oneself and the #orld

around&

• Ne&rotiis': The tendency to e*perience negative

e(otional states and vie# oneself and the #orld aroundnegatively&

• A"reea(leness: The tendency to get along #ell #ith

others&

•Consientio&sness: The e*tent to #hich a person iscareful$ thorough and persevering&

• O)enness to E%)eriene: The e*tent to #hich a person is

original$ has broad interests$ and #illing to ta%e ris%s&


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Lo&s o$ Control

Internal Lo&s o$ Control:

Describes people #ho believethat ability$ effort$ or their o#n

actions deter(ine #hat

happens to the(&

E%ternal Lo&s o$ Control:

Describes people #ho believe

that fate$ luc%$ or outside forces

are responsible for #hathappens to the(&


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Sel$*!onitorin"

The e*tent to #hich

people try to control the#ay they present

the(selves to others&

–

Can be high or lo#


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Sel$*Estee'

The e*tent to #hich

people have pride inthe(selves and their

capabilities&

–

Can be high or lo# – ot situation specific


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Ty)e A vs+ Ty)e B Personality

Ty)e B: A person #hotends to be easygoing and

rela*ed&

Ty)e A: A person #ho

has an intense desire to

achieve$ is e*tre(ely

co(petitive$ and has a

strong sense of urgency&


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!Clelland,s Needs

Need $or A#ieve'ent: Thedesire to perfor( challenging

tas%s #ell and to (eet one's o#n

high standards&

Need $or A$$iliation: The

desire to establish and (aintain

good relations #ith others&

Need $or Po-er: The desire to

e*ert e(otional and behavioral

control or influence over others&


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Advie to !ana"ers• Reali.e and accept that so(e #or%ers are (ore li%ely than others to

be positive and enthusiastic because of their personalities& 3i(ilarly$reali.e and accept that so(e #or%ers are (ore li%ely than others toco(plain and e*perience stress because of their personalities&

• Provide an e*tra (easure of direct supervision to #or%ers #ho don't

ta%e the initiative to solve proble(s on their o#n and al#ays see( to bla(e so(eone or so(ething else #hen things go #rong&

• Provide additional encourage(ent and support to #or%ers #ith lo#self"estee( #ho tend to be little the(selves and 4uestion theirabilities&

•

Reali.e and accept that Type A individuals can be difficult to getalong #ith and so(eti(es have a hard ti(e #or%ing in tea(s&

• 5et subordinates #ho see( overly concerned about other peopleli%ing the( %no# that so(eti(es it is necessary to give honestfeedbac% and be constructively critical 6such as #hen supervisingothers7&


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A(ility

• The (ental or physical capacity to do

so(ething&

•

Types of ability – Cognitive ability

– Physical ability

• 8otor s%ill

• Physical s%ill

– E(otional intelligence


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!ana"in" A(ility in Or"ani.ations

• Seletion

– Identify tas%s to be acco(plished

– Identify abilities needed to

acco(plish tas%s – Develop accurate (easures of

abilities

• Plae'ent

– 8atch #or%ers to +obs to capitali.eon their abilities

• Trainin"

Individual Differences - Handout 3

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