Module-7

Individual behaviour

Individual behavior Human behavior, which is; considered a complex phenomenon, is

very difficult to define in absolute terms. It is primarily a combination of responses to external and internal stimuli.

These responses would reflect psychological structure of the person and may be results' of the combination of biological and psychological processes, which interpret them, respond to them in an appropriate manner and learn from the result of these responses.

Psychologist Kurt Levin has conducted; considerable research into the human behavior and its causes. He believes that people are influenced by a number of diversified factors, which can be both genetic and environmental.

The influence of these factors determines the pattern of human behavior.

Foundations of Individual Behavior

IndividualBehavior and

Results

RolePerceptions

SituationalFactors

Motivation

Ability

Values

Personality

Perceptions

Emotions

Attitudes

Stress

MARS Model of Individual Behavior

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Employee Motivation

Internal forces that affect a person’s voluntary choice of behavior

direction intensity persistence

Ability, Intellect, and Intelligence

AbilityAn individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.

Intellectual AbilityThe capacity to do mental activities.

Multiple IntelligencesIntelligence contains four subparts: cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural.

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Employee Ability

Natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task An individual’s capacity to perform a task

competencies personal characteristics that lead to superior performance

person job matching select qualified people develop employee

abilities through training redesign job to fit

person's existing abilities

Employee Ability

Ability varies across individuals Three types of ability

Physical (strength) Emotional (EI) Intellectual (IQ)

Physical AbilitiesPhysical Abilities

The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

Other Factors7. Body coordination

8. Balance

9. Stamina

Other Factors7. Body coordination

8. Balance

9. Stamina

Nine Physical AbilitiesStrength Factors1. Dynamic strength

2. Trunk strength

3. Static strength

4. Explosive strength

Strength Factors1. Dynamic strength

2. Trunk strength

3. Static strength

4. Explosive strengthFlexibility Factors5. Extent flexibility

6. Dynamic flexibility

Flexibility Factors5. Extent flexibility

6. Dynamic flexibility

Types of Ability

Emotional Intelligence Non-cognitive skills in coping with interpersonal

demands and pressures Five dimensions

Self-awareness: ability to recognize what you’re feeling

Self-management: ability to manage own emotions and impulses

Self-motivation: ability to persist in face of failure Empathy: ability to sense how others are feeling Social skills: ability to handle the emotions of others

• Number aptitude

• Verbal comprehension

• Perceptual speed

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Spatial visualization

• Memory

• Number aptitude

• Verbal comprehension

• Perceptual speed

• Inductive reasoning

• Deductive reasoning

• Spatial visualization

• Memory

Dimensions ofIntellectual Ability

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Employee Role Perceptions

Beliefs about what behavior is required to achieve the desired results:

understanding what tasks to perform understanding relative importance of tasks understanding preferred

behaviors to accomplish tasks

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Situational Factors

Environmental conditions beyond the individual’s short-term control that constrain or facilitate behavior

time people budget work facilities

Biographical CharacteristicsBiographical Characteristics

Personal characteristics—such as age, gender, and marital status—that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records.

Ability-JobFit

The Ability-Job Fit

Employee’sAbilities

Job’s AbilityRequirements

Thank you