INDIRAINDIRAINDIRAINDIRAINDIRA’S’S’S’S’SOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

AGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULTURETURETURETURETURE(Multiple choice questions (MCQ) for competitive exams of Agriculture)

(ICAR-ARS/NET, JRF, SRF, IAS, IFS, PCS, SLETS, CSIR/UGC-NET, UPSC-CS,FCI & Ph.D.)

About the About the About the About the About the AuthorAuthorAuthorAuthorAuthor

DrDrDrDrDr. R.L. . R.L. . R.L. . R.L. . R.L. AryaAryaAryaAryaArya born on 3 March 1964 at Village Jagdish Pur (Bhekhepur), Auraiya - Etawah (UP), completed hisB.Sc. (Ag & A.H.) in 1984 from Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, M.Sc.and Ph.D. in Agronomy from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi in 1986 and 1989, respec-tively. He served as a scientist at CRIDA, Hyderabad, IGFRI, Jhansi, IIPR, Kanpur, CTRI, Rajahmundry, CTRIResearch Station, Jeelugumilli (West Godavari dist., A.P.) and CTRI Research Station, Dinhata (Cooch Behardist, W.B.). He has a good number of publication to his credit about 250 research papers/popular articles/paperspresented in seminar symposia etc/book chapters in various national and international journals/megazines. Dr.Arya has vast experience (more than 20 years) in the field of dryland/rainfed agriculture, nutrient and watermanagement, cropping system in pulses and pulse based cropping system, nutrient management and croppingsystem research in Jati and Motihari tobacco in West Bengal. He has also released a variety “Torsa” – an earlymaturing type of Motihari tobacco. He has authored several books auch as Principles of Crop Production andCrops (2 volume), Modern techniques of tobacco cultivation, Pulse production, Irrigation management, Weedmanagement, Tobacco production in India, Indira Krishi Pratiyogita Darpan, Indira Competition Explorer, IndiraAgricultural Competition Explorer, Indira’s Objective in Agricultural Biotechnology, Indira’s Onjective in Agri-cultural Extension and Indira’s Objective in Agronomy. He was also selected for Dr. Rajendra Prasad Puruskarby Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi and received best book award by Indian Society of WeedManagement from NRC Weed Science, Jabalpur.

Renu Renu Renu Renu Renu AryaAryaAryaAryaArya has completed her graduation and post graduation in Home science with specialization in extensioneducation and communication management from Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technol-ogy, Kanpur. She was also student of doctoral programme in Home Science in extension education and commu-nication management in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Presently she is working as a Subject Mat-ter Specialist in Home Science at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Behraich (UP) under Narendra Deo University ofAgriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad. She has published many research papers/popular articles innational and international journal of repute. She has also authored two books entitled Indira Krishi PratiyogitaDarpan in hindi and Indira competition explorer and Indira’s Objective in Agricultural Extension.

Sonam Sonam Sonam Sonam Sonam AryaAryaAryaAryaArya has completed her graduation and post graduation in Biotechnology from College of Biotechnologyin Chhatrapati Sahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur and Babasahem Bhem Rao Ambedkar University (Centraluniversity), Lucknow, respectively. She is a research scholar (Ph.D. student) of doctoral programme in Agricul-tural Biotechnology in Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Ballabh Bhai Patel University of Agri-culture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut. She has published many research papers/popular articles in na-tional and international journal of repute. She has also authored several books entitled Indira Agriculturalcompetition Explorer, Indira competition explorer and Indira’s Objective in Agricultural Biotechnology. She isawarded Rajiv Gandhi Fellowship from UGC for doing Ph.D.

Janardhan KumarJanardhan KumarJanardhan KumarJanardhan KumarJanardhan Kumar obtained his M.Sc. (Ag) in Plant Biochemistry from Narendra Deo University of Agricultureand Technology, Kumar Ganj, Faizabad. Presently he is a brilliant research Scholar in Department of PlantBiochemistry, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. He has published twobook entitled “ Indira’s objective in Agricultural Extension and Indira’s Objective in Agronomy. He was awardedRajiv Gandhi Fellowship from UGC for doing Ph.D.

INDIRAINDIRAINDIRAINDIRAINDIRA’S’S’S’S’S OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

AGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULAGRICULTURETURETURETURETURE

(Multiple choice questions (MCQ) for competitive exams of Agriculture)(ICAR-ARS/NET, JRF, SRF, IAS, IFS, PCS, SLETS, CSIR/UGC-NET, UPSC-CS,FCI & Ph.D.)

DrDrDrDrDr.R.L.Arya.R.L.Arya.R.L.Arya.R.L.Arya.R.L.Arya(M.Sc. & Ph.D. in Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi)Ex-Senior Scientist (Agronomy) And DistrictConsultant, National Food Security Mission

Jalaun (UP)

Renu Renu Renu Renu Renu AryaAryaAryaAryaAryaSubject Matter Specialist,

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Behraich (UP)

Sonam Sonam Sonam Sonam Sonam AryAryAryAryAryResearch Scholar (Ag. Biotech)

Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Universityof Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut

&

Janardhan KumarJanardhan KumarJanardhan KumarJanardhan KumarJanardhan KumarResearch Scholar (Ag. Biochemistry)

C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology,Kanpur

Published by:Scientific Publishers (India)5 A, New Pali Road, P.O. Box 91Jodhpur 342 001 (India)

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Print : 2017

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Disclaimer: Whereas every effort has been made to avoid errors and omissions, this publication isbeing sold on the understanding that neither the editors nor the publishers nor the printers wouldbe liable in any manner to any person either for an error or for an omission in this publication, orfor any action to be taken on the basis of this work. Any inadvertent discrepancy noted may bebrought to the attention of the publishers, for rectifying it in future editions, if published.

© 2014, Author(s)

ISBN: 978-81-7233-908-1

eISBN: 978-93-87869-70-7

Typeset by Sameer ComputersPrinted in India

PrefacePrefacePrefacePrefacePreface

Agriculture is a most important source for economic assistance and all round progress of ourcountry, where more than 70 per cent of Indian population is dependent on agriculture.. India, withonly 2.3 per cent land area, 4 per cent fresh water ad 1 per cent forest cover has to support about 17per cent world’s human population (over 1.18 billion) and 15 per cent livestock (479 million). Sciencebased agriculture adopted for the past four decades in the country has brought appreciable change inthe food production scenario of the country. Over the years, a six fold increase in food grain produc-tion has transformed food scarcity of early fifties into food sufficiency with ever highest productionfigure of 335.88 million tones. During 2012-13, the production of total food was rose upto 257 milliontones but there is still need to increase the total food grain production for ever increasing humanpopulation in the country. The main issues of agricultural growth and development in India whichneeds scientific redressal are: food self –sufficiency versus food self –reliance; low productivity anddeclining rate of growth of factor productivity; low and unstable, yields especially in rainfed areasand increasing ecological and environmental insecurity leading to resource wars with stagnating thefood production.

The competitive examinations for Agriculture have become a routine procedure of recruitmentand admissions for higher positions and education. Now a days a large number of questions appearin the examination. These questions call for quick answering for success within a specified period oftime. A sincere effort has been made by the authors to present them in most easy, short and under-standable language for the benefit of scientists, students, farmers and those who are interested inthe field of the agriculture.

“Indira’“Indira’“Indira’“Indira’“Indira’s Objective s Objective s Objective s Objective s Objective Agriculture”Agriculture”Agriculture”Agriculture”Agriculture” for competitive exams in agriculture discipline contain 22 chap-ters covering all related discipline.The chapters included such as: General agriculture, Agriculturalclimatology, Genetics and plant breeding, Agricultural biotechnology, Plant physiology, Plant bio-chemistry, Agricultural microbiology, Seed science, Agronomy, Soil science, Entomology, Plnt pathol-ogy, Horticulture, Agricultural extension, Agricultural economics, Animal husbandry and dairying,Agricultural statistics, Research methodology, Agroforestry, Fish culture/pisicluture and appendixhave been given due importance and whole syllabus was covered as per ICAR syllabus and guidlines.Each chapters contains multiple choice questions and total about 25thousand objective questionswith multiple choice have been framed and arranged sequentially for the easy understanding of thestudents. Recent information and development in the field of agriculture have been incorporated inthe book. Thus this book is based on the syllabus of student of agricultural stream, it may be useful

not only to students but also teachers, researchers, extension workers and development officers forreference and easy answering of many complicated questions.

The chapters are chosen in view to cover the course contents of competitive examinations likeIAS, IFS, ARS, PCS, Banking services, states and national levels of diffirent competition in agricul-tural subjects. The entire book is prepared in most simple, clear and talking language so that thecontents could be easily undertand by the readers. Hence this book can serve as a single plateformfor preparation of different competitive examinations in agriculture.

Finally, I have belief and hope that this book will fulfill the requirement of students of agricul-tural stream for appearing in different competitive examinations.

Being first edition, there could be some shortcomings for which valuable and informative sug-gestions will be gratefully appreciated, so that these shortcoming may be incorporated in forthcom-ing edition for the benefit of readers.

Authors shall be grateful to the various books, periodicals, magazines, newsletter, news papers,journals etc., rendered help for bringing out of this books. Authors are also hightly grateful to M/SScientific Publishers, Jodhpur and their staff members for printing in the form of book. The pub-lisher shall also be grateful for bringing to their notice of any suggestions for further improvement.

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors R. L. AryaRenu Arya

Sonam AryaJanardhan Kumar

vi Objective Agriculture

CONTENTCONTENTCONTENTCONTENTCONTENT

ChapterChapterChapterChapterChapter Name of chapterName of chapterName of chapterName of chapterName of chapter Page no.Page no.Page no.Page no.Page no.No.No.No.No.No.1. General Agriculture 1

Ansersheet 24

2. Agricultural Climatology 26Ansersheet 52

3. Genetics and plant breeding 54Ansersheet 102

4. Agricultural biotechnology 105Ansersheet 245

5. Plant Physiology 251Ansersheet 311

6. Plant biochemistry 314Ansersheet 352

7. Agricultural microbilogy 354Ansersheet 363

8. Seed Science 364Ansersheet 395

9. Agronomy 397Ansersheet 504

10. Agricultural engineering 510Ansersheet 523

11. Soil science 524Ansersheet 575

12. Entomology 579Ansersheet 594

13. Plant pathology 595Ansersheet 615

14. Horticulture 617Ansersheet 644

15. Agricultural extension 646Ansersheet 704

16. Agricultural economics 707Ansersheet 751

17. Animal husbandry and dairying 753Ansersheet 801

18. Agricultural Statistics 804Ansersheet 839

19. Research methodology 841Ansersheet 862

20. Agroforestry 863Ansersheet 875

21. Fish Culture/Pisiculture 876Ansersheet 891

20. Appendix 892

viii Objective Agriculture