Indigenous Peoples Safeguards Monitoring Report

Project Number: 37749-013 Loan 2465/Loan 8238(OFID) October 2019

Philippines: Agrarian Reform Communities Project II

Prepared by Engr. Dominador Eusebio for the National Project Coordination Office, ARCP II for the Asian Development Bank

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This indigenous peoples safeguards external monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Indigenous Peoples Safeguards External Monitoring

Report __________________________________________________________________________________

Monitoring Period Covered: 2009- 2018

L2465/37749: DAR-ADB Agrarian Reform Communities

Project II (ARCP II)

This report is ARCPII-DAR document. Statements and views expressed herein do not necessarily

reflect those of ADB’s Board of Directors, management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

The Asian Development bank does not intend to make any discretionary judgments as to legal or other

status of any LGU localities pertaining to their respective programs or strategy, financing any project,

nor by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this

document.

Prepared by Engr. Dominador Eusebio for the National Project Coordination Office, ARCP II

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CONTENTS Page

I. EXTERNAL MONITORING ON ARCP II IP SAFEGUARDS 4

a. Project Background 4

b. Facilitating ARCP II in Indigenous People Areas 6

c. Project Area 7

d. Consultative Process 8

e. External Monitoring Framework: Making the Evaluation

Process Culture Sensitive

9

f. Methodological Approach 10

a. Ethnographic Description of the Evaluation Sites 10

II. MEASURING THE PROGRAM’S PERFORMANCE IN SAFEGUARDING THE

RIGHTS OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

15

a. Effectiveness of ARCP II Intervention 17

b. IP on ARCP-AED Enterprises and Organizations 19

c. Culture Sensitive Engagement with the Indigenous People

Communities

19

d. Implementing Indigenous People Safeguards 20

e. Establishing IP Culture Sensitive Grievance Redress

Mechanism

21

f. Establishing IP Culture Sensitive on Gender 21

g. Measuring Project Efficiency in IP ESS Safeguards 22

III OVERALL ASSESSMENT 24

a. ADB Overall Project Rating 24

b. The ARCP II Model for Integrating Culture Sensitive

Facilitation: Lessons Learned

24

c. Commitment of ARCP II to Culture Sensitive Strategies

Critical for Effective and Appropriate Development Projects

for Indigenous People

25

d. Key Issues to Address in the Future DAR-ARCP II Activities

Involving Indigenous People

25

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: List of Subprojects in ARCs with Indigenous Peoples

Table 2: List of ARCP II covered Municipalities, Provinces with IPs

Table 3: ARCP II Subprojects ESS compliance on Indigenous People, as of June 2018

Table 4: Overall Project Rating

ABBREVIATIONS

AED Agriculture Enterprise Development

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADSDPPP Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development Protection Plan

ARB Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries

ARC Agrarian Reform Community

ARCP Agrarian Reform Community Project

CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim

CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title

CDD Community Driven Development

CNC Certificate of Non Coverage

CNO Certificate of Non Overlap

CP Certificate of Precondition

DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate

EMB Environmental Management Bureau

EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

ESS Environmental and Social Safeguards

FBI Field Based Investigation

FPIC Free and Prior Informed Consent

GAD Gender and Development

GOP Government of the Philippines

GRS Grievance Redress System

IPDF Indigenous People Development Framework

IP Indigenous People

IPRA Indigenous People Right Act

LGU Local Government Unit

NCIP National Commission on Indigenous People

NPCO National Project Coordinating Office

PAP Project Affected People

PIM Project Implementation and Management

PSDS Phesalabuhan Subanen de Siay

RI Rural Infrastructure

SI Social Infrastructure

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I. EXTERNAL MONITORING ON ARCP II IP SAFEGUARDS

1. Project Background

Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the OPEC Fund for International Development approved loan

assistance to the Government of the Philippines to finance Agrarian Reform Community Project II

(ARCPII) of the Department of Agrarian Reform in 27 October 2008. The loan took effect on 4

March 2009 with completion date of December 2014 which was extended until December 2017

for physical completion while the loan closing dates for the ADB and OFID loan were extended to

30 June 2018.

ARCP II is designed to enable the DAR - agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs) to reduce poverty and

sustain improved incomes and quality of life. The Project is aimed at enhancing the capabilities

and well-being of poor and marginalized groups in 152 Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) and

11 ARC clusters spread across six regions, covering 19 eligible provinces and approximately 168

LGUs in the southern part of the country.

The Project goal will be achieved through the implementation of an integrated and

complementary package assistance involving: a) Community Driven Development (CDD); b)

Agriculture and Enterprise Development (AED); c) Rural Infrastructure (RI); and d) Project

Implementation and Management (PIM).

As shown in Table 1 below, the National/Regional Subproject Approval Committee (NSAC/RSAC),

ARCP II approved a total of 475 rural infrastructure rural infrastructures subprojects funded by the

Project. These includes Farm to Market Roads (FMR), Potable Water Supply (PWS), School

Classrooms, Multipurpose Halls, Warehouse and Solar Dryers, Tribal Centers and Barangay Health

Centers for selected communities. Other RI SPs include community managed Communal Irrigation

System (CIS), FMR with drainage structures and bridges, as well as improved processing facilities.

These were perceived to help promote IPs agricultural productivity, better access to markets, and

better opportunity to social services, and increasing value addition to rural livelihoods. Project

management mainstreamed in government at several layers with accountability and fiduciary

responsibility enforced through controls at various levels. The Project pledged to adhere to IPs’ unique cultures and traditions ensuring all activities will be carried out in a participatory and

culturally appropriate manner.

Table 1. List of Subprojects in Agrarian Reform Communities with Indigenous Peoples

SUBPROJECT TITLE MUNICIPALITY ARC

Camarines Sur

1 Concreting of Antipolo-Divino Rostro FMR Buhi Antipolo-Divino Rostro ARC

2 Rehab of Maligaw-ligaw FMR Buhi Antipolo-Divino Rostro ARC

Iloilo

3 Concreting of Sitio Nagpana to Sitio Proper, Lipata to San Geronimo FMR Barotac Viejo Lipata Special ARC

4 Concreting of JNR-Agsirab-Bagongbong-Sitio Agdalusan FMR Lambunao AGSIBAGO ARC

5

Zamboanga del Norte

5 Rehabilitation of Dipolog CIS Dipolog City DCS3 Expanded ARC

6 Concreting of Sitio Jiay-Sitio Sibulan Bgy. Balas FMR Labason GBL ARC

7 Concreting of Lingatongan-Meses FMR Manukan Manukan East ARC

8 Concreting of Gupot FMR Manukan Manukan East ARC

9 Rehab with Concreting of Polayo-Denuyan FMR Siayan Siayan West ARC

10 Rehab with 0.75 km Concreting of Paranglumba FMR Siayan Siayan West ARC

11 Rehab with 2 km. Concreting of Sitio Bolanao-Litolet FMR Siayan Siayan East ARC

12 Rehab with 0.7 km. Concreting of Moyo-Sitio Pase FMR Siayan Siayan West ARC

13 Rehab with 0.9 km. Concreting of Gonayen-Sayaw FMR Siayan Siayan East ARC

14 Rehabilitation/Concreting of Junction Muñoz-Litolet FMR Siayan Siayan East ARC

15 Rehabilitation/Concreting of Poblacion-Moyo FMR Siayan Siayan West ARC

16 Rehabilitation of Lituban CIS Siocon Jolamipaman ARC

17 Concreting of JNR Pangian-Greenridge FMR Siocon Jolamipaman ARC

18 Upgrading/Rehab of Poblacion-New Dapitan FMR Tampilisan Rubber Stump ARC

19 Concreting of Poblacion-ZNAC FMR Tampilisan Rubber Stump ARC

20 Construction of Mangop Elementary School Building Leon Postigo Triple MS ARC

21 Construction of Sta. Maria Barangay Health Center Leon Postigo Triple MS ARC

Zamboanga del Sur

22 Rehabilitation of Sagrada Familia CIS Aurora TaGuMa ARC

23 Rehab of Brgy. Moradje-Ebarle FMR Josefina Josefina Highland Cluster ARC

24 Rehab/Concreting of Brgy. Moradje-Tagaytay-Dawa FMR Josefina

Josefina Highland Cluster ARC

25 Construction of Josefina Cluster ARC Tribal Center Josefina Josefina Highland Cluster ARC

26 Rehabilitation of Guipos CIS Guipos Balongating Expanded ARC

27 Const of Junction Poblacion Kumalarang-Bualan FMR Kumalarang Baganian Peninsula ARC Cluster

28 Construction of 1 Unit Tribal Hall Building Kumalarang

Baganian Peninsula ARC Cluster

29

Const/Improv of Bualan-Maruing-Pampang-Poblacion Lapuyan FMR

Lapuyan

Baganian Peninsula ARC Cluster

30 Construction of Dipaya Day Center Labangan Labangan Cluster C ARC

31 Construction of Bokong Tribal Center Labangan Labangan Cluster C ARC

32 Construction of Binayan Tribal Center Labangan Labangan Cluster C ARC

33

Concreting of Bgy. Lower Salug Dako-Balamban-San Jose DCM FMR

Mahayag Balamban Expanded ARC

34 Construction-Rehabilitation-Concreting of Bgy. DCM FMR Mahayag Balamban Expanded ARC

35 Const of Bgy. Lower Sto. Niño FMR Mahayag Balamban Expanded ARC

36 Construction of Midsalip Cluster ARC Tribal Center Midsalip Midsalip ARC Cluster

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37 Const of Tipasan-Tulapok-Poblacion FMR Margosatubig

Baganian Peninsula ARC Cluster

38 Const of Culo FMR Molave Culo ARC

39 Concreting of Purok Jupiter (Basay)-Purok Venus FMR Molave Rizal ARC

40 Concreting of Purok Ferry-Purok Happy Valley FMR Molave Miligan ARC

41 Construction of San Miguel Cluster ARC Tribal Center San Miguel San Miguel Cluster ARC

42 Concreting of Tanducan-Tambunan FMR Tabina Tabina Cluster ARC

43 Concreting of Lower Lodiong-Limamaan FMR Tambulig

Tambulig Highland Cluster B ARC

44 Concreting of Junction Limamaan-Upper Lodiong FMR Tambulig

Tambulig Highland Cluster B ARC

45 Rehab w/ Spot Concreting of Limamaan FMR Tambulig

Tambulig Highland Cluster B ARC

46 Const with 1.248 Concreting of Alindahaw-Panduma Sr.-Camanga FMR Tukuran LUCATT-LBP ARC

Zamboanga Sibugay

47 Const of Maasin & Tiayon PWS Level II Ipil SWIZS ARC

48 Concreting of Balungisan-Upper Sumilong FMR Payao Don Alfonso ARC

49 Rehabilitation of Bulawan CIS Payao Don Alfonso ARC

50 Rehab of Culasian-Supit FMR Titay Supit ARC

51 Rehab w/ Spot Concreting of Kitabog-Mabini FMR Titay Titay Valley ARC

Note:

List refers to subprojects issued with Certification Precondition (CP) by the NCIP, and those with IPs as informed by DARPO, visited during the monitoring mission by the ESS consultant, the tribal centers though not issued with CP are requests of the IPs

ARCP II Framework complies with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement and the Philippines Indigenous

Peoples Rights Act (RA 8371). The Project upholds the basic human right of the indigenous

peoples/ indigenous cultural communities (IP/ICC). As stipulated in RA 8371, the “state recognizes the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of Philippine society as the

foundation of freedom, justice and peace. The rights of IP/ICs are universal, indivisible,

interdependent and interrelated’. As such, the Project beset to adopt a culturally appropriate and

participatory approach in dealing with the IPs as imbued in the Philippine IPRA Law.

2. Facilitating ARCP II in Indigenous People Areas

The ARCP II Project Safeguards Manual – Procedural Guidelines and Development Framework for

Indigenous Peoples ensures that the indigenous peoples are informed, meaningfully consulted

and mobilized to participate in the different activities that will be supported by ARCP II. As a

Project policy, all participating LGUs shall be required to apply for National Commission on

Indigenous Peoples’ (NCIP) Certification: Certification Precondition (CP) through the issuance of

Free Prior and Informed Consent of the concerned IP community for infrastructure subprojects

that will be implemented within an ancestral domain area; Certificate of Exemption for

infrastructure subprojects that will be proposed by the IPs/ICCs themselves; Certification of Non

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Overlap (CNO) for infrastructure subprojects that will be implemented outside an ancestral

domain area. The Field Based Investigation Report prepared by the NCIP Team after ARC validation

also ascertain presence or absence of IPs/ICCs in the ARC.

Also, an NCIP-designated representative sits as member of the National Subproject Appraisal

Committee and Regional Subproject Appraisal Committee as appropriate to ensure that the

project approval process has adequately covered the FPIC requirements and that IPs/ICCs have

been considered in project activities.

Moreover, as the ARCP II did not fully support the initiatives in relation to the Ancestral Domain

Claims as this is a core activity of the NCIP, and the Project was confined only to the ARC areas

that lie within an ancestral domain or those ARCs with IPs/ICCs but outside the ancestral domain

area. The ARCP II has considered the complexities of effective planning for the IPs within the ARCs,

and the importance of recognizing the plans that impacts the IPs/ICCs such as Municipal

Development Plan, Municipal Land Use Plan, ARC Development Plan and Ancestral Domain

Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP). Within the scope of the Project, under

the CDD component, enhancement of the ARC Development Plan were undertaken wherein an IP

Chapter was included for ARCs with indigenous peoples. This aided in ensuring that the needs and

priorities of the IPs are considered in the development of efforts of the overall community.

Technical assistance were provided for the IP communities through capability building, livelihood

opportunities, provision of rural infrastructure and social support services such as education,

health and sanitation.

The Project supported capacity building for community-based organizations as well as the local

government units (LGUs) particularly on financial management and fiduciary requirements of

project planning and execution. It also supported agri-business development in target areas with

IPs through improved land ownership, improved technology application, entrepreneurship,

development of organizations and individuals, business advisory services, market surveys, and

information services.

Through the National/Regional Subproject Approval Committee, ARCP II approved a total of 475

rural infrastructure (RI) subprojects like farm-to-market roads, irrigation, potable water system,

post-harvest facilities and social infrastructure subprojects including school building, day care

centers, tribal halls and barangay health stations. Under the CDD and AED component, the Project

provided training on organizational development and strengthening, natural farming

technologies, and value chain.

3. Project Area

The Project covered approximately 152 ARCs and 11 ARC Clusters in 19 provinces in southern

Philippines. These areas have been identified through a selection process that identified the

poorest provinces in the southern half of the country. ARCs comprise clusters of contiguous

barangays with concentrated ARBs. The average number of barangays is 4.7 per ARC, leading to

an average of around 684 barangays and more than 140 municipalities. Considering the district

requirements of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the six provinces of

ARMM will be covered by special arrangement inherent to the autonomous management of

ARMM in the region. Of the total Project target of approximately 150,000 households, IPs will

include 5,000-20,000 persons in approximately 1000-1400 households as reported in the Project’s PPTA’s Report - Indigenous Peoples Development framework.

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However, as there are Provincial and Municipal LGUs that backed out of ARCP II in the early stage

of the project due to the high National Government- LGU cost sharing. There were changes from

the original provinces covered, such as Marinduque was replaced Mindoro Oriental and Shariff

Kabunsuan (which was reverted back to Maguindanao) was replaced by Palawan, while Iloilo was

added on to Negros Occidental for Region VI as there were only four (4) LGUs of Negros Occidental

that availed of ARCP II. As to the municipal levels, the LGUs in Romblon and Negros Occidental

that were identified to have IPs in the PPTA report did not participate in the Project. Hence, ARCP

II covered provinces with ARCs/ARC Clusters with identified indigenous peoples are:

Table 2. List of ARCP II covered Municipalities, Provinces with Indigenous Peoples

Provinces Municipalities Indigenous Peoples

Romblon Magdiwang Sibuyan Mangyan

Tagabukid

Palawan Aborlan Tagbanua

Camarines

Norte

Labo kabihug

Camarines Sur Buhi Agta

Sorsogon Irosin, Matnog Agta Cimaron/Tabangon

Iloilo Barotac Viejo, Lambunao Ati, Bukidnon tribe

Zamboanga del

Norte

Manukan, Siayan, Siocon, Labason, Dipolog

City, Leon Postigo, Tampilisan

Subanen

Zamboanga del

Sur

Mahayag, Aurora, San Miguel, Josefina,

Guipos, Kumalarang, Lapuyan, Margosatubig,

Molave, Tabina, Tambulig and Tukuran

Subanen

Zamboanga

Sibugay

Titay, Tungawan, Siay, Payao Subanen

4. Consultative Process

The ARCP II, through the Indigenous People Development Framework (IPDF), had conclusively

drafted IP guidelines through several substantive consultation-meetings with IPs, congruent to the

ADB Policy on IP and GOP IPRA Law. An initial Social Assessment was undertaken in June 2004 as

part of the technical assistance (TA) fact finding. It included the poverty situation in the country,

in order to identify areas which presented the highest levels of poverty. It reviewed the proposed

152 ARCs and 11 ARC clusters identified.

IPRA law stresses the importance of Free and Prior Informed Consent” (FPIC) as one of the requirements for approval of development projects within CADC or CADT areas. This is to protect

the resources and cultural heritage of the IPs, guarding against unilateral decisions by non-IPs or

by IPs, but without due consideration of other communal owners of the Ancestral Domain. FPIC

recognizes the right of the ICCs/IPs to self-decision making, which is the assertion of IP identity

and willingness to accept responsibility for decisions made in relation to the ancestral domain and

other aspects related to their cultural identity. FPIC forms the basis of planning interaction

between government, private individuals, and groups, entering the ancestral domain and

therefore is an important principle and practice in ARC development.

As part of the process of moving from CADC to CADT, and into practical protection of ancestral

lands, the NCIP has instituted an Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan

(ADSPP). The concept of developing ADSDPP was initiated as NCIP-AO no.1, 2004. In the

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preparations and implementation of the ADSDPP, the principles of indigenous knowledge, systems

and practices (IKSP) are valued. IKSP recognize that ICCs generally operate on a cultural and social

knowledge based system that is orally between generations.

e. External Monitoring Framework: Making the Evaluation Process Culture Sensitive

The external monitoring process includes the following areas of investigations/inquiries in order

to examine how the environment and social safeguards had protected, and preserved the rights

of IPs during the project implementation.

Areas of Inquiry

How effective is the EMMP in minimizing and mitigating adverse project impacts on

indigenous peoples?

Does ARCPII have established systems to ensure the meaningful participation and

effective engagement of IP/ICC in subprojects throughout the community

empowerment activity cycle?

To what extent does DAR have the capacity and resources needed to implement IP-

related activities based on the findings of its external monitoring?

What progress has the ARCP II program made in establishing policies to safeguard

the rights of IPs, to receive culturally compatible socio-economic benefits and to

ensure they are not adversely affected during the development process?

DAR NPCO ESS coordinator and independent consultant conducted intermittent fieldwork and

consultations, from 16 November 2017 to 20 May 2018 in indigenous peoples areas in Zamboanga

del Norte, Iloilo, Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur ARCs where there are rural

infrastructure subprojects directly benefitting IPs. To achieve a substantial assessment of the

project impacts to the IP/ICC, the evaluators gathered the LGU staff, beneficiaries, and

organization leaders who participated in the implementation of the subprojects in their respective

ICC. The monitoring activity recalled significant project scenarios where the basic IP rights were

being triggered and how the ESS measures were applied to mitigate/control the situation. The

process also identified the effective and appropriate approaches for facilitating community driven

development within the IP context.

Set of questions asked by the DAR NPCO ESS coordinator and independent consultant are

particularly on the following: 1) the impacts of the subproject to their livelihood, socio-economic

condition and their ethno-cultural identities; 2) their participation/involvement in the mainstream

community; 3) the demographic and CADC/CADT claims; 4.) the preservation of their unique social

and political structures as IP tribes. These diagnostic questions, and some other queries, mainly

evaluate the purpose of the monitoring and assessment.

The results of the monitoring and assessment, through interviews of IPs directly involved in the

subproject, affirmed the importance of involving the community and project beneficiaries in this

case the IPs right from the start of project identification and planning to implementation and

Inquiry no.1

Inquiry no. 2

Inquiry no. 3

Inquiry no.4

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monitoring. It is also important that documentation of meetings, agreements and activities are

thoroughly done to efficiently address if not avoid grievances during project implementation.

6. Methodological Approach

Guided by the ARCP II Monitoring Framework, varied information/data gathering approaches

were employed to ensure that the comments, views and perspectives of the stakeholders are

noted in the results of this external monitoring. A review of documents (i.e. EMMP, and NCIP

certifications) provided helped in the qualitative information gathered, aside from IP interviews.

Site assessment and subproject evaluation, as to benefits to the IPs, impacts to their culture and

socio-economics status formed part of this methodology approach.

The external monitoring assessment includes the following: (i) ARCP II program and its relevance

to IPs as aligned to the IPRA law; (ii) the effectiveness of the safeguard instruments (i.e. EMMP,

O&M Plans, NCIP-CNC/CP certifications) to minimize and mitigate the negative impacts of the

subprojects; (iii) determine whether the program is implemented efficiently, where human and

natural resources are maximized, and (iv) determine whether the IPs and tribal leaders can

maintain and sustain the granted subprojects in the future independently.

7. Ethnographic Description of the Evaluation Sites

Though the project was not specifically designed exclusively for IPs, as it aims to benefit the ARBs

and farmers in the Agrarian Reform Communities, there are ARCs that may be inhabited by

indigenous peoples, hence the IPs, in the ARCs and ARC Clusters were not left out by the project.

Rural infrastructure subprojects are required to secure Certificate of Non Overlap (CNO), or

Certification Precondition (CP) from the NCIP, depending on their evaluation after an FBI. A total

of 233 subprojects were issued with CNOs and 54 subprojects were issued with CPs. The following

are some of the SPs visited during the external monitoring of the ARCP II – Indigenous People and

the significant information gathered on ESS related issues:

a. Zamboanga del Norte (LGUs - Leon Postigo and Siayan)

The DAR Provincial Office (DARPO) in Zamboanga del Norte informed that the indigenous peoples

in the ARCP II areas were consulted during the planning of their proposed subproject. As per NCIP

provisions, an FBI should be conducted and FPIC during the pre-construction phase of the

proposed subproject. In fact, the DARPO said the implemented rural infrastructure subprojects

were requested by the IP communities. In Leon Postigo, ARCP II provided a school building with

two-classrooms in Bgy. Mangop Elementary School. About 70% of the 244 enrollees in school year

2017-2018 are IPs. In addition to being classrooms, one of the classroom provided is also being

used as computer room and served as venue for Parent Teachers Associations (PTAs) meeting and

other activities that requires a bigger area. In Bgy. Sta. Maria where about 75% of the 242

households are Subanen, ARCP II established a health station that provides for the immediate

health services of the community from consultation, immunization, pre-natal, birthing and family

planning. As the LGU is serious in their advocacy for “facility-based birthing”, this is an issue to the Subanen as they have rituals on child-birth which could not be done in health centers and

hospitals. According to the nurse in the health station, they try to address this, by allowing the

family member to be within the delivery room and provided with privacy to conduct some of their

rituals to encourage the Subanens to give birth in the health station.

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In Siayan, Bgy. Moyo is an all Subanen community. The ARCP II farm-to-market road is highly

appreciated the community as it provided a faster and safer transport their products to and from

the market. It also helped them in emergency cases, as the LGU’s ambulance can now respond to them in bringing their sick family member to the doctor, whereas before they use to carry patient

in hammock, and walk thru to the town proper to avail of health services.

b. Zamboanga del Sur (LGUs: Kumalarang, Labangan, Josefina, Aurora and San Miguel)

There are six (6) units of tribal centers constructed by ARCPII. These facilities directly benefitted

the Subanen tribes in five (5) municipalities of the province. Of the tribal centers visited this year,

those in the municipalities of Kumalarang, Josefina and San Miguel are already being used by the

IPs and their council. It serves as a regular meeting place of the tribes where they conduct rituals

in celebration of the IP day, in settling conflicts, as storage of their costumes, musical instruments

and other common properties the tribe uses in the conduct of their cultural rites. In Kumalarang,

the tribal center also serves as temporary shelter for the Subanen students from distant

barangays, where they eat their lunch and spend their break time. It also serves as a venue for

their school of living traditions (SLT). The Subanens in Kumalarang have already applied their

CADC.

In Labangan, the two (2) tribal centers in Bgy Binayan and Bgy. Bokong are not yet turned over to

the IPs, as the IP community found defects in the building. The LGU of Labangan after structural

investigations, promised that the defects will be repaired and the tribal centers will be completed

as soon as possible and turn over for use of the Subanen by December 2017. The Subanens in

Binayan have been longing to have a more permanent place where they can meet as a group. At

present, they request the use of barangay hall or the church building if the Timoay’s call for a meeting. In December 2017, the two tribal centers were turned over to the indigenous peoples.

In Aurora, there are also IPs or Subanens member of the SACASIG Irrigators Association, in Sagrada

Familia Irrigation Project being rehabilitated by the ARCP II. The IPs claimed that they are very

much mainstreamed due to inter-marriages. The farmers does not know much of their beliefs and

traditions, even their children hardly speak the dialect, as most of them use the Visayan language.

They said the children preferred to be identified as Bisaya than Subanen. The farmers shared that

even their grandparents and elders due to intermarriages failed on instilling them their identity as

Subanen, though they are always addressed as such. However, they also said that there are efforts

now from the Timoays to strengthen their cultures and regularly practice their traditions to dignify

their ethnic identity.

c. Iloilo ( LGUs: Lambunao, Barotac Viejo)

In Lambunao, the ARCPII subproject - Concreting of JNR-Agsirab-Bagongbong-Sitio Agdalusan FMR

in Brgy. Bagongbong during the team’s visit was already completed. The FMR served “Tribo Bukidnon”, the tribe has an approximate population of 1,529 people and occupied the mountain

side of the barangay. The tribe claims that the big part of the land covered by Pres. Magsaysay’s proclamation of 3,474 has. is owned by their tribe, only 1,400 has belongs to the Western Visayas

State University. Hence, they applied for CADC for the 2,074 has. The NCIP informed the tribe that

it will be for survey. Though, the Bukidnon tribe is happy with the road project, they shared that

it was not their first priority project during the ARCP II consultation as they prefer the construction

of “taytay” or bridge. However, they understand their LGU’s predicament on putting up the cost equity if it is a bridge project, so they agreed with the FMR. They suggested that should there be

more projects they would like to request for a PWS for the clean water supply, a health center,

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and livelihood. Their present health center is serving 3 barangays and they wished to have their

own.

The Concreting of JNR-Agsirab-Bagongbong-Sitio Agdalusan FMR subproject was granted an ECC

from DENR-EMB and a CP from NCIP. These ESS documents will ensure the safeguard of the IPs in

the possible adverse impacts of the SP. The road had given them many socio-economic benefits.

It can be observed the happiness the project had brought them because of the comfort of

transporting their agriculture products, the convenience of the children going to school especially

during the rainy season, and the fast mobility in time of medical emergencies. The FMR is also

serving other barangays: Atimonan, Agsirat, Tagisinan, and Cabitangan, the road strategically

linked them. As to their culture, they mentioned that their ethno-cultural beliefs and traditions

remained intact but their lifestyle had changed. Convergence of the people to the mainstream

and their exposure to modern media had influenced them specially the young generations. Still,

elders had set efforts of maintaining their IPness. Tribal rituals of food offering during the harvest,

“paltera” ritual in childbirth, and vigil singing during the wake of a departed tribe member are

some of the traditions they practice until this day.

When asked on the benefits they gained from the ARCP2 sponsored subproject, they were

acquiescent on saying that the FMR had greatly improved their living condition as to the delivery

of their agricultural products and other socio-economic activities. It gave them access to major

health facilities during emergency situations and comforts to students in going to schools.

Improved link access to other neighboring barangays and to the town proper of Lambunao.

To maintain their IP ethnic-culture, they mentioned that their customs, beliefs, and traditions

were preserved by the elders and are practicing them religiously. There are also determined

efforts to teach and transfer them to younger generations. What remains strong is the religious

music called “bilasyon”, being performed during the wake of the deceased member of the tribe. On harvest celebration, festivities embraced the practice of offering cooked chicken called

“panungtong”, an offering to god. Their belief of “babaylon”, a quack doctor, is still a healing belief, but the introduction of safe and modern medical practices is starting to change it. The

conduct of a regular tribal meeting, “elders meeting”, on livelihood is a community effort to help each other in terms of socio-economic needs.

On cultural festivities, the local “Binarog Festival” demonstrates ethnicity in the art of dance and music, said the Tribe Leader. Paltera, a traditional midwife or “hilot”, was a practice of the past, due to government’s encouragement on safe and scientific medical care for childbirth, now convincing the IPs to visit the health clinic, plus, the monetary incentives given by the LGU for the

mothers availing of facility-based birthing .

During the DAR-ARCP II project implementation, the IPs were given work opportunity, and were

paid a basic salary of P280.00/day. Bagongbong Farmers Association (BFA) and Asigbago ARB

initiated the agriculture business and coordinated with the DAR for the agriculture training. Many

of their livelihood options include: organic farming, animal culture like chicken, pigs, and carabao.

Vegetables raised by them include the typical plant classes that they can sell in the local market.

Bagongbong Forestry Association, Inc. (BFAI) was organized to protect their forest and natural

resources. Empowering these Indigenous Peoples contributes to the preservation of our natural

environment.

In Barotac Viejo, the ARCP II’s Concreting of Sitio Nagpana to Sitio Proper, Lipata -San Geronimo

FMR, Lipata Special ARC was given a Certificate of Precondition from NCIP. CNC certificate was

13

issued by DENR-EMB. With the assistance of MARO, the NPCO ESS team visited the IP community

last 10 May 2018. The tribal council elder, “Estelita” together with the council of elders, mostly

women, were gathered for a meeting on subproject completion assessment (Annex 1, Photo 3&4).

The NAMIAS-Napana Minorities Association, registered in 1986 by the ATI Civil Reservations is

covered by Proc. No. 56 involving 938 has., of which 200 has. as exclusive watershed area, 40 has.

for school and 698 under CADT application . NAMIAS include both Ati and Sulod Bukidnon tribes.

During the public consultation of the DAR Regional, Provincial and Municipal Officers , the LGU of

Barotac Viejo with the Atis regarding their proposed road concreting under the ARCP II, the

community agreed unanimously. During the implementation, some locals were hired, with labor

salary of P250/day. They are happy with the farm-to-market road project as it helped them

transport their agricultural products such as bananas, sweet potatoes, coffee beans, corn and

bamboo are now easily delivered to the market with lower transportation cost. Local handicrafts

industries such as: weaving “nito”, wallets, bags, plate, and “buri” can now be potentially

promoted (Annex 1, Photo 5).

This infrastructure has greatly helped them in the transport of their freight (Annex1, Photos 8&9).

The tribal council elder, “Estelita” together with the council of elders gathered for a meeting on SP completion assessment, perhaps to discuss on the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of the

FMR and how they will participate in the other tribe programs. Local agricultural products such

as bananas, sweet potatoes, coffee beans, corn and bamboo are now easily delivered to the

market with lower transportation cost. Local handicrafts industries such as: weaving “nito”, wallets, bags, plate, and “buri” can now be potentially promoted (Annex 1, Photo5).

The Ati place high regard on their respective livelihoods hence they have no time for vices,

according to them. The Ati has a festivity called “Tingob Festival”. During the celebration, they

show the array of music, dance, food, and sport festivals.

They proudly shared that they now have three (3) IP graduates from Pres. Diosdado Macapagal

Scholarship Programs of DAR and are now in the teaching profession.

d. Zamboanga Sibugay (LGUs: Ipil, Titay, Siay and Payao)

In Ipil, ARCP II provided a Potable Water Supply with chlorination subproject in Brgy. Tiayon,

covering barangays Tiayon and Maasin. They organized the Maasin Tiayon Water and Sanitation

Association (MATIWASA). Of the 212 members of MATIWASA, about 15% are indigenous peoples.

Though it was a level II water system, in 2017 some households applied for Level III.

However, during the team’s visit, the residents raised that during summer they only have water

in the evening, but they added that it return to its normal water supply operation in the month of

July onward. The DARPO suggested to organize a meeting with MATIWASA and the LGU of Ipil to

discuss said concern. As designed, the PWS is Level II with 20 tap stands, but was now reduced to

9 tap stands as household transformed to level III connections. Such might have cause the water

shortage problem of the households.

The MATIWASa members including the IPs are now aware that in order for the PWS subproject

to be sustainable, they need to protect the watershed. They suggested looking for adaptable

species of trees to grow to preserve their forest. They also remembered that when the project

was about to be completed, the Local Project Office (LPO) called for a meeting to discuss the PWS

Operation and Maintenance. They also shared that a water potability test was conducted to

14

ensure the public safety from water bacterial contamination. In compliance with the Local

Government Code (RA7160), the contractor hired locals for the project construction. They

promptly implemented the rules and regulations in MATIWASA. Earlier in the subproject

implementation, they used to conduct monthly meeting for the assessment of the SP, and then

the period of meeting was turned every other month. Culturally, some Subanens still speak their

native tongue at home, and they wished to transfer their dialect to younger generations to

preserve it. As observed, the ARCPII subproject has no significant negative impacts in their culture

and traditions.

In Payao, ARCP II funded the Rehabilitation of Bulawan CIS subproject covering the barangays of

Bulawan, Kulasian, Guiwan of Don Alfonso ARC and managed by the BKGIA (Bulawan, Kulasian,

Guiwan Irrigators Association). BKGIA was registered with Securities and Exchange Commission

on Mar 14, 1991 with 262 total members mostly IPs and service area of 540 hectares but total

target service area is 800 hectares.

The BKGIA shared that there were consultation and validation conducted prior to the

implementation, assisted by BLGU and attended by members of BKGIA. The MPDC and DARPO

explained the subproject to them. As per Local Government Code, local workers were hired and

being paid P180/day while some entered into “pakyaw system” of labor. The subproject has

contributed positive impacts to the IP community. They have been waiting for the NIA to help

rehabilitate their irrigation system, and they appreciate that the ARCPII-ADB granted their long-

time need.

However, the IA share that there are issues and concerns that emerged, as La Fortuna (another

irrigation system) intercepted water supply, thus leaving them with less water available. Based on

their observation, in the aspect of the engineering design, canal elevation is below the natural

grade, thus water gravity flow in the field is hindered. Some suggest for a provision of control weir

and overflow leading to water rerouting. It was the local government who implemented the design

of NIA, so they couldn’t question the subproject performance. Said concerns was raised by the

team to the DARPO, who proposed to call the attention of the Local Project Office. BKGIA will

implement 3 years of non-payment to the rightful members. In lieu of the ROWs provided by the

beneficiaries, as their shares in the project, they will enjoy the free use of irrigation and free of

loan payment.

The municipal IP leader or chieftain shared that their Subanen CADC application is now with the

NCIP head office and CADT survey is on process. He is elated that Payao strongly support and

honor the indigenous people, the Subanen, and they freely exercise their rights, customs and

traditions and have active council of elders in every barangay.

In Siay, ARCP II awarded the Construction of Flood Control Protection Subproject in Lower

Sibuguey ARC. This subproject was granted with ECC by DENR-EMB and Certificate of Precondition

(CP) by the NCIP. Prior to the construction of the dike, the LGU invited the beneficiaries in a public

consultation in the presence of NCIP. The community has a total of 80 household, mostly of

Subanen IPs. In compliance to the Local Government Code, locals like the Subanen were accepted

as labor in the project. Rate of labor varies on the magnitude of their task.

This flood protection dike is a great advantage to them because the community had always been

a victim of flood. Their community will now be abated from the risk of natural hazard including

their residential abode and crops.

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Under the AED component, a Subanen has an organization called “Phesalabuhan Subanen De Siay” (PSDS), a Subanen organization (phesalabuhan means “nagkakaisa”) was provided assistance

in their production and processing of food and wellness products such as rice rolls, ginger tea,

turmeric tea and lagundi tea. PSDS livelihood project is a big help to them, not only in terms of

added income but also in the socio-economic cooperation among themselves (Annex 1, Photo 17).

Through profit sharing everybody has the chance to work in their food processing business.

Subanen are Christians but still practice traditional beliefs of their god. Policy in the PSDS

organization does not affect the IP culture as well. Through the PSDS project, the IP group became

united. (Annex 1, Photos 15&16)

In Titay, ARCP II funded the Rehabilitation of Culasian-Supit Farm to Market Road that had

contributed greatly in the comforts of their socio-economic activities. FMR helped transport the

local produce such as rubber, coconut, bananas, corn, rice, root crops and vegetables. The

traditional animal driven freight will be a thing of the past. Their self-managed CUSARBEMCO

organization, being one of the stakeholders of the project was grateful to DAR-ARCP2 because of

the positive impacts it brought them. Cooperative manages the 200 hectares of coconut

plantation, cacao is an alternative crop. Maintaining, harvesting and marketing of these

agricultural products were made comfortable by this FMR. School children enjoyed the comfort

of once a muddy stretched of rough road going to school. Medical services and other social

services are now convenient for all of them. Some of the good impacts of ARCP2 to IPs of Culasian

includes: a.) Road construction helped transport of goods, products such as: coconut, vegetables,

root crops; b) In culture and tradition, the subproject helps the tribe to become more united and

organized as IPs; c.) Their agri-enterprise development is enhanced by the subproject, thus helping

their livelihood. (Annex 1, Photo 20).

Culturally, some youth still know Subanen, Lumad, old Subanen were gone, nobody teaches

Subanen, and no more Subanen music being practiced. Local skills on animal raising and weaving

are still popular in their community. They formed their tribal leadership organization, positions

like Elders-leaders, “Datu Tumangong” administration officer and “Saliling” examiners constitute

their leadership structure, once the council is formed, it will be submitted to the NCIP. IPs are

registered in the Civil Registrar as indigenous peoples.

II. MEASURING THE PROGRAM’S PERFORMANCE IN SAFEGUARDING THE RIGHTS OF THE

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

Since ARCP II project started from the principles of its own ESS IPDF Frameworks compliant to ADB

Safeguard Policy and IPRA Law, the Indigenous Peoples’ protection is ensured. Through the

diligent monitoring of the DAR-NPCO and DARPOs in all the subprojects implemented triggering

the IPs rights, they ensured the effective ESS implementation on IP safeguard as stipulated in the

EMMPs, ECC Comments, NCIP CPs, and the SB Resolutions issued.

In compliance to environment and social safeguards, ARCP II’s effective tool to safeguard IPs from potential subproject adverse impacts is in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

(EMMP). A conduct of Field Based Investigation (FBI) in accordance with NCIP guidelines during

pre-construction, and involved them in meaningful public consultations lead by the LGUs, DAR

Field Offices, Contractors. In the proposed Construction of Tribal Hall in Pob. Kumalarang,

Zamboanga del Sur, public consultations were conducted and all participants were IPs. The

proponents were required of environmental and social safeguards compliance, hence, the

following permits/certification were secured: ECC, CNC, and SB Resolutions.

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Shown in Table 1 is the summary of the ESS documentary compliance. All the SPs in Palawan,

Negros Occidental, Eastern Samar, Samar Province, Basilan and Tawitawi were issued by the

DENR-EMB with Certificates of Non Coverage (CNC). On the other hand, the NCIP and the Office

of the Southern Cultural Communities (OSCC) have issued Certificates of Non Overlap (CNO) to

233 subprojects and Certificates of Precondition (CP) to 54 SPs. Out of the 475 subprojects, there

are 75 pending NCIP applications and 129 were issued of SB Resolutions. The SB Resolution is a

Barangay Resolution Expressing the Commitment of the Brgy to Ensure Environment and Social

Safeguards in the implementation of Social Infrastructure subprojects under ARCP II in lieu of the

project Safeguards Requirement for Rural Infrastructure. The ADB approved the pro-forma SB

resolution in 2011.

Table 3. ARCP II Subprojects ESS Compliance on Indigenous Peoples

REGION PROVINCE

NO. OF

APPROVED

SPs

NCIP SB

Reso

for

Social

Infra

Pending

Application CNO CP

IV-B Oriental Mindoro 12 11 1 1

Palawan 3 3

Romblon 21 2 10 0 9

Subtotal Region IV-B 36 2 24 1 10

V Camarines Norte 57 57 9

Camarines Sur 72 2 30 2 32

Sorsogon 28 9 6 9

Subtotal Region V 157 11 93 2 50

VI Iloilo 5 3 2

Negros Occidental 11 1 4 6

Subtotal Region VI 16 1 7 2 6

VIII Leyte 23 12 11 1

Northern Samar 14 12 2

Eastern Samar 15 5 10

Samar 23 15 8

Subtotal Region VIII 75 44 31 1

IX

Zamboanga del

Norte 53 3 15 32

Zamboanga del Sur 51 22 19 11

Zamboanga Sibugay 13 5 2 5 1

Subtotal Region IX 117 8 24 39 44

ARMM Basilan 5 5

Lanao del Sur 39 4 24 18

Maguindanao 4 4

Sulu 11 4 7

Tawi-Tawi 15 15

Subtotal Region

ARMM 74 8 55 18

Grand Total 475 74 234 44 129

Note: (i) For Region VIII, the NCIP agreed that no more field-based investigation will be done as the NCIP

conforme that there are no ancestral domain in the Region.

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All the SPs in provinces of Oriental Mindoro, Palawan, Camarines Norte, Iloilo, Zamboanga del

Sur, Basilan, Maguindanao and Tawi-tawi have no pending application with NCIP or the Office of

Southern Cultural Communities (for ARMM provinces). The LGUs on those areas with pending

NCIP applications relaxed in the follow up of the documents due to the following reasons: (i) the

NCIP application fees involved, especially the high cost of FBIs; (ii) penalties for late filing; (iii) NCIP

field offices are not issuing certification for the completed SPs. But despite of this issue, the NPCO,

DARPO and LGUs didn’t stop on ensuring the protection of IPs rights.

8. Effectiveness of ARCP II Intervention

The extent of ARCP II’s conformity to the needs and priorities of the IP group was evaluated through the interviews conducted, as to the relevance and importance of program intervention

to IP/ICC and whether the subprojects really meet their needs and tribal demands. It was

determined also whether the NPCO- ESS Training/Workshop in six regions, had contributed to the

effectiveness of the ESS mitigation measures in the protection of IP/ICC rights being affected by

the subprojects. Assessment conducted as to the following areas: (i) the program responds

effectively and appropriately to the needs of the indigenous people; (ii) application of the ESS

guidelines; (iii) develop and maintain quality monitoring and evaluation system that reflects the

real scenario of the IP/ICCs; (iv) coordinate with the tribal leaders and community organizations

to ensure convivial participation of the IPs in the subprojects.

Based on the interviews and subproject visits, external monitoring showed that the project

achieved its objective of ESS to the IPs through its tools. The IPs asserted, during interviews, that

their community socio-economic status had improved when the subprojects were implemented

and became operational. The following are among the bases for their testimonies:

a. In Bgy. Mangop Elementary School, Leon Postigo, the ARCPII provided 2 classrooms in their

school. About 70% of the 244 enrollees in school year 2017-2018 are IPs. The facilities are not

only used as classrooms for the Grade VI pupils but as computer room as well. It also served

as venue for Parent Teachers Associations (PTAs) meeting and other activities that requires a

bigger area. While the Bgy. Health Station in Sta. Maria, Leon Postigo provides for the

immediate health services of the community from consultation, immunization, pre-natal,

birthing and family planning. About 75% of the 242 households are Subanen. The FMR in Bgy

Moyo, Siayan is highly appreciated by all Subanen communities. They greatly appreciated

ARCPII because of the faster and safer transport their products to and from the market. It also

helped them in emergency cases, as the LGU’s ambulance can now respond to them in bringing their sick family member to the doctor, whereas before they use to carry patient in a

hammock, and walk thru to the town proper to avail of health services.

b. In Zamboanga del Sur, there are six (6) units of tribal centers constructed by ARCPII. These

funded facilities directly benefit the IP tribes for the significant meetings they will have. Of

the tribal centers visited this year, those in the municipalities of Kumalarang, Josefina and

San Miguel are already being used by the IPs and their council. It serves as a regular meeting

place of the tribes where they conduct rituals in celebration of the IP day, in settling

conflicts, as storage of their costumes, musical instruments and other common properties

the tribe uses in the conduct of their cultural rites. In Kumalarang, the tribal center also

serves as temporary shelter for the Subanen students, where they eat their lunch and spend

their break time. It also serves as a venue for their school of living traditions (SLT).

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c. The Concreting of JNR-Agsirab-Bagongbong-Sitio Agdalusan FMR subproject had given them

many socio-economic benefits. It can be observed in the happiness the project had brought

them because of the comfort of transporting their agriculture products, the convenience of

the children going to school especially during the rainy season, and the fast mobility in time

of medical emergencies. The FMR is also serving other barangays: Atimonan, Agsirat,

Tagisinan, and Cabitangan, the road strategically linked them. As to their culture, they

mentioned that their ethno-cultural beliefs and traditions remained intact but their lifestyle

had changed.

d. Concreting of Sitio Nagpana to Sitio Proper, Lipata -San Geronimo FMR, Lipata Special ARC

infrastructure had greatly helped them in the transport of their freight, local agricultural

products such as bananas, sweet potatoes, coffee beans, corn and bamboo. These

agricultural products are now easily delivered to the market with lower transportation cost.

Local handicrafts industries such as: weaving “nito”, wallets, bags, plate, and “buri” can now be promoted.

e. In Potable water System in Bgy Tiayan and Maasin, in Ipil Zamboanga Sibugay, members can

now buy water for P1 per gallon while non-members buy it for P2 per gallon. Recently,

MATIWASA organization had raised Php.200,000.00 assets/income. Active members

working on the project operation is given an honorarium of P1000.00, an additional income

for their family. The Subanen IPs are now aware that in order for the PWS subproject to be

sustainable, they need to protect the watershed. They suggested looking for adaptable

species of trees to grow to preserve their forest. As observed, the ARCPII subproject has

no significant negative impacts in their culture and traditions.

f. The Construction of Flood Control Protection subproject in Lower Sibuguey ARC,

Municipality of Siay will be of great advantage to the IPs because the community had always

been a victim of flood. Their community will now be abated from the risk of natural hazard

including their residential abode and crops. Also, the Phesalabuhan Subanen de Siay

livelihood project is a big help to them, not only in terms of added income but also in the

socio-economic cooperation among themselves. Through profit sharing everybody has the

chance to work in their food processing business.

g. The subproject Rehabilitation of Culasian-Supit Farm to Market Road had contributed

greatly in the comfort of their socio-economic activities. The FMR helped transport the

local produce such as rubber, coconut, bananas, corn, rice, root crops and vegetables. The

traditional animal driven freight will be a thing of the past. Their self-managed

CUSARBEMCO organization, being one of the stakeholders of the project was grateful to

ARCPII project because of the positive impacts it brought them. Cooperative manages the

200 hectares of coconut plantation, cacao is an alternative crop. Maintaining, harvesting

and marketing of these agricultural products were made comfortable by this FMR. School

children enjoyed the comfort of once a muddy stretched of rough road going to school.

Medical services and other social services are now convenient for all of them. In addition

to some of the good impacts of ARCPII to IPs of Culasian includes: a.) Road construction

helped transport of goods, products such as: coconut, vegetables, root crops; b) In culture

and tradition, the subproject helps the tribe to become more united and organized as IPs;

c.) Their Agri-Enterprise Development is enhanced by the subproject, thus helping their

livelihood.

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h. During the visit interview of the ARCP 2 subproject; Rehabilitation of 0.7 km. Concreting of

Moyo-Sitio Pase FMR, the Subanen shared positive insights to ARCPII. The FMR

infrastructure had provided a rapid transport of vehicles and delivery of goods to the

market. Before, they used to pay P50 per person but now that road is already paved, they

pay much less fare.

i. Construction of 1.248 km Concreting of Alindahaw-Panduma Sr.-Camanga FMR in

Zamboanga del Sur subproject helped them in various ways: the convenience of agri-

products transports (i.e. palay, vegetable), shorten travel time from the source to the

market destination, and the accessibility of the community to the main town areas: market,

cemeteries, and schools. Students are now able to go to school more comfortably, and

motorcycles will not be cramped/stocked-up in the road. They can go to health centers

conveniently during emergency cases and consultations.

j. The Timo-ay of Nopulan; Bogo, Calabat, Josefina, Zamboanga del Sur, during the interview

visit of the ARCP II subproject; Rehabilitation of Nopulan-Bogo-Calabat FMR, Josefina

Highland Cluster ARC, shared positive insights to ARCPII. The FMR benefited the people of

Bogo Calabat through the comfort of delivery of their agricultural products in the local

market. It contributed to the comfort of the children going to school, easy access to

emergency and health services.

9. IP on ARCP-AED Enterprises and Organizations

The 17 provinces implementing ARCP II value adding enterprises are operating a total of 18 AED

enterprises, with the province of Oriental Mindoro having 2 value adding projects. All these

organizations are engaged in food –based business. These 18 organizations has 5,363, some are

IPs. As per record, 50% are directly involved in the project operations, with more women (54%)

beneficiaries. Subanen in Lower Sibuguey ARC, Siay, Zamboanga Sibugay are engaged in agri-

enterprise development through the Phesalabuhan Subanen de Siay (PSDS) involved in the

manufacture of Wellness Products (Ginger Powder, Turmeric, and Lagundi Powder). In ARMM,

the Modern Farmers’ Multi-Purpose Cooperative in Ganassi, Lanao del Sur, Muslim women are

involved in turmeric –based tea and other health products.

Based on the above subprojects and feedbacks, the consultant concludes that ARCP II is effective

in ensuring that the program is culturally inclusive and participatory. There is an esteemed morale

among IPs, and sense of accomplishments among their IP/ICC in the subprojects that they have

conceptualized, supported, and co-implemented.

10. Culture Sensitive Engagement with the Indigenous Communities

Significant and effective actions and project implementation by ARCPII coordinating teams had

contributed to the favorable outcome of the program. The ethno-cultural sensitive approaches to

IP/ICCs were rendered as evidently described in their testimonies during interviews. The following

are the IP culture sensitive actions of ARCPII coordination team:

a. Written communication and notice of public consultation/meeting sent to the barangay

and tribal official using their local dialect.

b. Coordinated with NCIP, tribal leaders and organizations officers for the meeting with the

IP/ICC.

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c. Discussions are in Filipino and local dialect ensuring that they understand ARCPII Program

and its objectives.

d. LGUs and DAR – ESS focal persons ensure the substantial number of IPs present during

the meeting. Check their attendance and log the minutes of the meeting with documented

photos.

e. LGUs and DAR – ESS focal persons ensure that the IPs/ICC issues and concerns were

understood and noted.

f. ARCPII set to abide with the ADB and GOP Environmental guidelines for the protection of

the IP rights

g. ARCPII exert efforts to respect the IP political structures, leadership patterns, and tribal

decision making.

h. Frequent involvement in ARCPII activities related to IPs often helped them develop

confidence in dealing with non-IP programs, institution, and individuals.

i. Separate consultation meetings with IPs provide them the environment of freedom of

expression of ideas and sentiments.

j. The barangay and municipal assemblies are avenues for IP to express themselves in

public meetings

Aside from the qualitative findings of the positive impact of ARCPII, the coordination team also

ensured that substantial numbers of attendees, significantly the tribe leaders had been present

during the barangay assemblies (Annex1 Photos).

11. Implementing Indigenous People Safeguards

ARCP II project ensures that the rights the Indigenous Peoples are protected. Through the diligent

monitoring of the DAR-NPCO and DARPOs in all the subprojects implemented triggering the IPs

rights, they ensured the effective ESS implementation on IP safeguard as stipulated in the EMMPs,

ECC Comments, NCIP CPs, and the SB Resolutions issued. In compliance, ARCP II’s effective tool to safeguard IPs from potential subproject adverse impacts is in the Environmental Management and

Monitoring Plan (EMMP). ARCP assures the conduct of Field Based Investigation (FBI) in

accordance with NCIP guidelines during pre-construction, and in the involvement of IPs in

meaningful public consultations as lead by the LGUs/Contractors.

a. Field Based Investigations by the NCIP conducted

b. The conduct of a meaningful public consultation with substantial number of IP attendees.

c. Presentation of the EMMP during project consultations, and identification of the

subproject impacts and the appropriate mitigation measures.

d. Securing NCIP certifications, proof as to the ARCP subprojects shows issuing of Certificates

of Non Overlap (CNO) to 233 subprojects and Certificates of Precondition (CP) to 54 SPs

e. Training/workshop of the LGUs and ESS focal persons involved in the program

implementation included the thorough IP safeguard discussions.

f. Follow up and site IP/ICC site visit.

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12. Establishing IP Culture Sensitive Grievance Redress Mechanism

GRM is a complaint-handling/problem-solving mechanism of ARCP II for project affected people

(PAPs) or for receiving feedback from clienteles on both positive and negative aspects of the

project to improve its overall performance

Project grievance procedures for ARCP II was designed based on the BCIT and MCIT effective

communication structure with a specific safeguards and grievance sub-committee. Any

complaints/grievances should be filed by the PAPs within the Barangay safeguard and grievance

committee, and must be recorded/logged and raised to the next level committee. The IPs are

made aware of their rights to grievances and that they are entitled to information and their

households in case they are not aware about it. If independent adjudication is required, e.g. in

cases of complaint of misconduct by the SGS members, the DAR and NCIP Provincial Offices must

be informed and immediate set action on administrative procedures to ensure the considerations

and resolutions of complaints as per GRM frameworks of ARCPII.

Due to the full awareness of the IP/ICC, especially leaders, on grievances/complaints that the

subproject may cause, they have formed, amongst themselves, grievance offices to resolve

conflicts. For instance the Subanen in Payao ZDS, every barangay has 7 council of elders. “Yinuay”, head inherited vice headship. “Tumangong” – liaison officer responsible for all problems and

Grievance Committee; “Saliling” – secretary, Kapitan delineates all information of the IP

community, also called the Tribal Information Officer. “Sanghaliya” – Treasurer, Sulong –

peacekeeper. The group has a woman leader. Their grievance structure is protective of their rights

and even women for giving high regard to women as leaders. Upon interviews, ARCP noted very

few grievances/complaints. It can be observed that the IPs rights are respected and the DAR

personnel and LGUs are aware of the existing laws on IPs.

13. Establishing IP Culture Sensitive on Gender

ADB Environment Policy/Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) has the following

components: Policy on IP; Policy on Involuntary Resettlement; Policy on Gender and

Development (GAD); and Policy on Confidentiality and Disclosure of Information.

Part of ADB Millennium Development Goal of 2020 is the Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Operational Plan, 2013 - 2020. As quoted, Gender equity is one of the five drivers

of change in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Strategy 2020. ADB recognizes that without

harnessing the talents, human capital economic potential of women, and the region risk

significant economic and social cost. Gender equality is critical in its own right and essential for

better development outcomes in terms of inclusive growth, faster poverty reduction, and

attaining the Millennium Development Goal.

(Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Operational Plan, 2013 – 2020)

ARCP II program have developed its framework that included women in equal participation with

men in subprojects implementations. In the EMMP and the Compliance Monitoring Reports, the

LGUs have noted mitigation measures on public consultation: (i) holding of consultative meetings

with equal representation of men and women, with project beneficiaries and affected persons on

the sub-project components and management plan; (ii) giving prior coordination and consultation

22

with women's groups. Almost all SP proponents had focused on this mitigation measures to

safeguard women’s right.

While, on Indigenous People, it can be observed that in almost all of the external monitoring

conducted, women had outnumbered men when it comes to the consultation meetings attendees

(see Annex1, Photos). It can also be noted that many tribal head/leaders and part of the council

are women. Consider the following tribal encounters:

a. Tribo Bukidnon in Brgy. Bagongbong, Lambunao, IloIlo, headed by Josefina Lastimoso Ligo,

an appointed leader by elders of the tribe.

b. ATI of Sitio Nagpana, Bgy. Lipata, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo The tribal council elder, “Estelita” together with the council of elders, mostly women, are gathered for a meeting on SP

completion assessment.;

c. Subanen in Zamboanga Sibugay, Siay/Lower Sibugay are engaged in Phesalabuhan

Subanen de Siay (PSDS) involved in the manufacture of Wellness Products (Ginger

Powder, Turmeric, and Lagundi Powder) are majority women.

d. Majority of ARBO in Camarines Sur, members are women, as male ARB members have

less time for social activities.

e. Health care priorities among the IPs are for women giving birth and children.

ARCP II is persuaded of the equality women to opportunities and growth are preserved and that

their participation in the development is being respected even by the co-tribal members.

14. Measuring Project Efficiency in IP ESS Safeguards

Program assessment, as to IP Safeguard Performance of the entire ARCPII, requires model IP

dispersed community selections. Qualitative assessment of the program’s efficiency using the

interview method of data gathering suggests representative opinions of one IP community, and

may not be representing other IP communities not interviewed. However, the following areas are

examined:

a. The quality of the technical assistance (i.e. training, workshop) provided by project to

DARPO-ESS focal persons, and the LGUs.

b. The supervision and coordination mechanism as to the project implementation;

c. Consistent monitoring and document follow up

d. ARCPII timely intervention of ESS overall issues, monitoring of subproject impacts, and

addressing major environmental and social issues.

e. ARCP II capacity to implement ESS safeguards in the IP/ICC levels is relied on DARPO ESS

focal persons and due to the lack of training and transitions of personnel handling the

responsibility, the IP monitoring becomes inconsistent.

f. Training on cultural sensitive and integrating IP perspectives in ARCPII was not

conducted.

g. Lack of monitoring system in place to determine whether the knowledge and skills

gained during the IP-related trainings/workshop are being applied at the ground level.

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DAR-NPCO had provided technical assistance, trainings and workshop to equipped ESS focal

persons and LGUs on ESS compliance. However, it can be noticed that in their accomplished

Compliance Monitoring Reports, few comments on IP related issues were discussed. In the overall

project documentary performance on IP/ICC safeguards, NCIP have issued Certificates of Non

Overlap (CNO) to 233 ARCPII subprojects and Certificates of Precondition (CP) to 54 SPs. And

noticeably, out of the 475 approved subprojects, there were 75 pending NCIP applications, though

the 44 pending applications in Region VIII was not pursued as NCIP agreed to no longer conduct

FBI in the Region. Still, the 31 is still alarming as this indicates some negligence in the subproject

proponents. Despite of the NPCO consistent follow up still the number is high. Some of the

observed reasons are: (i) lack of ESS background and training of LGUs appointed personnel; (ii)

fast transition of personnel handling the ESS responsibility; (iii) according to their Report, the high

NCIP fees for the conduct of FBI which they missed to consider before project procurement ; (iv)

and penalties due to late filing. Nevertheless, DAR-NPCO coordinator and consultant observed

that ARCP II had provided quality technical support to ensure that ESS safeguards are

implemented. They have effectively adjoined the EMMP and compliance monitoring to mitigate

adverse project impacts on IPs. Though some subproject implementers had less IP safeguard

focus, communities understood subprojects potential impacts to their social, cultural, and

economic systems. It was observed that the IP leaders are aware of the IPRA law and the NCIP

guidelines upholding their basic rights. Since they fully valued the subprojects granted to them,

and appreciated its advantage to their present socio-economic living, internal monitoring among

IP leaders on the safeguard of the project is their utmost initiative. Monitoring the subprojects

includes regular meeting to analyze, interpret, and synthesize ESS findings. Upon personal

encounter of issues, they can position to ensure collective prompt actions and recommendations

from the IP leaders and concerned LGUs. Through this, ARCPII is still confident that the

sustainability of the subprojects will be advocated.

During external monitoring and interviews of IP/ICC beneficiaries in ARCPII program areas, and

based on the gathered information, the program proved that safeguarding the IP/ICC rights in

development programs is attainable given the right institutional arrangements, involvement of IP

leaders and people, and commitment to culture sensitivity. After the subproject external

monitoring, it was perceived that IP/ICC perspectives must be fully integrated in DAR-ARCP II. It

was evident that concrete results of project benefits have been achieved directly benefiting the

IPs. Though there are unresolved issues (e.g. pending NCIP application, uncompleted subproject),

these challenges could be resolved if action plans were undertaken. The quality of interventions

for facilitating development on IP/ICC, the program for integrating IP perspectives in ARCPII

program was relevant and effective in achieving its goal. Though, as to the overall assessment,

ARCP performance to ESS safeguard of IPs was found to be less efficient, the program will likely

be sustainable if the following actions are taken:

a. Effective institutional set up by strengthening ESS focal personnel assigned for the

indigenous people.

b. Build the capacity and commitment of local government units to engage indigenous

communities with respect, sensitivity, and with the goal of promoting inclusive

development.

c. Improve compliance with ESS safeguards, focusing on impacts and mitigation measures

rather than legal technicalities.

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III. OVERALL ASSESSMENT

Using ADB’s project rating system, the overall assessment is that ARCPII has successfully integrated

indigenous perspective in the program. Though some goals were not achieved, the project is relevant

and crucial in ensuring the indigenous peoples rights and equal access to development programs.

1. Overall Project Rating.

Table 4: Overall Project Rating

Criterion Rating

(%)

Definition Rating

Description

Rating

Value

1.Relevance 25 The consistency of the project impact and outcome

with country and sector priorities and ADB’s strategic objectives, as well as the adequacy of its design in

addressing identified development constraints

Highly Relevant 3

2.Effectiveness 25 The extent to which the project outcome as specified

in the DMF (either as agreed at approval or as

subsequently modified) was achieved.

Effective 2

3.Efficiency 25 How resources were converted to results, using cost-

benefit analysis. Intended outcomes were achieved

within the planed costs or implementation period.

Less than

efficient

1

4.Sustainability 25 The likelihood that institutional financial and other

resources are sufficient to sustain the project’s outcome over its economic life in an environmentally

and socially sustainable way.

Likely

sustainable

2

Overall Assessment

(weighted average

of above criteria)

Highly successful: Overall weighted average is greater than or

equal to 2.5.

Successful: Overall weighted average is greater than or equal to

1.75 and less than 2.5.

Less than successful: Overall weighted average is greater than or

equal to 0.75 and less than 1.75

Unsuccessful: Overall weighted average than 1.75

Successful 2

Source: Asian Development Bank Guidelines for the Evaluation of Public Sector Operations

2. The ARCP II Model for Integrating Culture Sensitive Facilitation: Lessons Learned

In involving Indigenous People to the decision-making process in various areas of the ARCPII

subprojects development, the IPs felt equipped and empowered. They developed a sense of

internal dignity and pride in handling community responsibilities. As reported, the IP decision-

making practices were respected all throughout the development process. As guided, involving

the community members in the planning and decision making, self-determined development as

to their tribal social, cultural, and political practices of ICC was attained. ARCP II model of

integrated IP culture in the project intervention is made possible by the continuous support of the

dedicated personnel in the field. Because they have good orientation about the IPs in their

municipality, and provided with ESS safeguard training on IPs, they have a straight forward

interaction and communication strategies with them. This is the practical method of ARCP in

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dealing with the IPs and implementing ESS safeguard to respect their rights and preserve their

culture.

3. Commitment of ARCP II to Culture Sensitive Strategies Critical for Effective and Appropriate

Development Projects for Indigenous People.

DAR ARCPII had developed a comprehensive IPDF for ADB engaging IPs in development projects.

As reviewed, it was a comprehensive and complete draft of the IP ESS guidelines. But despite of

having ideally perfect document, still the project goal is not fully achieved. In the practical side of

project implementation, field actions by competent focal personnel are necessary. ARCP should

be fully committed on designating strong workforce or tapping the right people to work in the

field. Through persistent and effective coordination of the DAR-NPCO to the key movers in

subproject implementation in the IP/ICC, the project goal will be fully achieved.

4. Key Issues to Address in the Future DAR-ARCP II Activities Involving Indigenous Peoples

The following issues were identified during the external field investigations conducted:

Quality of Technical Assistance

a. DAR-NPCO provided technical assistance to staff and focal persons through training and

workshop to be equipped in dealing with IP safeguards and ESS issues. But due to

transition of personnel, beyond the control of the head office, the flow of tasks to be

delivered are being interrupted. This results to confusion on program guidelines and the

follow-up of documentary requirements. Contact persons in the field/project site will

have new round of communication regarding the subproject and other issues discussed

in the past, thus causing confusion and delay to the project implementation.

b. Some specialists in the NPCO had ceased contract and new consultant being engaged will

have to go over again of the ARCP project review in order to perform his function and

responsibilities. This case will also interrupt in the monitoring of the pertinent

documentary requirements that need follow-up.

c. There was no formal training on the distinct IP cultures. Being insensitive to the tribal

culture will also be a deterrent in integrating IP perspective in ARCP II programs. And a

need of monitoring the same to the ground level of the IP community.

Implementing EMMP, Compliance Monitoring Reports, IPP objectives and Approaches

a. The standard EMMP implemented for ESS is long and highly technical, some parts are not

applicable. The details in EMMP are complete and were able to cover all areas of

environmental safeguards. There are portions in the EMMP that need

revision/simplification as applicable to specific subprojects.

b. Safeguards involve too much documentary paper works. IP communities need simplified

and direct to the point approaches on government regulations and ARCPII ESS guidelines

for them to understand and comply. Most of them are not able to read and write.

c. Limited exposure to IP culture and the unique issues they are experiencing. IP

representatives and staff are not confident in filling out the EMMP tools, especially when

it comes to the legal framework and ESS issues.

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d. Uncontrollable turnover of staff. Previous staff already oriented on EMMP and

Compliance Monitoring Reports will have to be replaced by new one, safeguard tools need

to be reviewed and new staff oriented.

e. As to the understanding of relevant laws and policies, such as the IPRA Law, NCIP-FPIC,

and ADSDPP etc, only the tribal leaders are familiar with them. Some members of the

IP/ICC are not, thus they were not able to participate in the group discussion.

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Annex 1 - Photos

Photo 1. Meeting at Brgy. Bagongbong, Lambunao, Iloilo, May 9, 2018

Photo 2: Attendees at Meeting at Brgy. Bagongbong, Lambunao, Iloilo, may 9, 2018

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Photo 3: Meeting at Barotac Viejo, Bgy. Lipata, Sitio Magpona, Iloilo, May 10,2018

Photo 4: Attendees at Meeting at Barotac Viejo, Bgy. Lipata, Sitio Magpona, Iloilo, May 10,2018

29

Photo 5: Handicraft of NAMIAS Minority Association, Barotac Viejo, Bgy. Lipata, Iloilo, May10,2018

Photo 6: Barotac Viejo, Lipata FMR, Iloilo, May 10, 2018

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Photo 7: Ecotourism watch and Livelihood at Barotac Viejo IP

Photo 8. Concreting of Sitio Nagpana to Sitio Proper, Lipata -San Geronimo FMR ,Barotac Viejo FMR

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Photo 9. Concreting of Sitio Nagpana to Sitio Proper, Lipata -San Geronimo FMR ,Barotac Viejo FMR

Photo 10. PWS Subproject for the Subanen of Bgy. Tiayon, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay

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Photo 11: Subanen of Bgy. Tiayon, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay

Photo 12: Subanen in Bulawan, Kulasian, Guiwan, Payao Zamboanga Sibugay

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Photo 13: Subanen in Bulawan, Kulasian, Guiwan, Payao Zamboanga Sibugay

Photo 14: CIS Subproject Bulawan, Kulasian, Guiwan, Payao Zamboanga Sibugay

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Photo 15: Meeting with Subanens of ARCP2 Flood Control Protection Project in PSDS, Zamboanga

Sibugay

Photo 16: Subanen in PSDS, Zamboanga Sibugay

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Photo 17: Wellness Products (Ginger, Turmeric and Lagundi Powder) of PSDS, Zamboanga

Sibugay/Siay/Lower Sibugay

Photo 18: Rehabilitation/concreting of Culasian- Supit FMR, Titay Zamboanga Sibugay

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Photo 19: Subanen at CUSARBEMCO Culasian, Supit , Titay, Zamboanga Sibugay

Photo 20: Subanen Culasian, Supit FMR , Titay, Zamboanga Sibugay