1

Indigenous peoples and the Millennium

Development Goals

by Victoria Tauli-Corpuz

This paper was submitted to the 4th Session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, New York, 16-27 May 2005, Agenda item 3 of the provisional agenda. Economic and Social Council, Dist.:GENERAL __March 2005, Original: ENGLISH

I

Development aggression

2

Poverty Situation of Indigenous Peoples

3

Structural Causes of Indigenous Peoples Poverty

4

5

Poverty and poverty indicators seen from an indigenous lens

6

Conflict of paradigms

7

8

9

Free, prior and informed consent

Recommendations relating to MDG Goal 1

10

11

Universal Primary Education

12

Recommendations relating to MDG Goal 2- Achieve Universal Primary Education

Conclusion

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1 2. E/CN.4/2003/90/Addendum, Mission to the Philippines. 2 Psacharopoulos, George and Harry Anthony Patrinos, eds. 1994. Indigenous People and Poverty in Latin

America: An Empirical Analysis. Washington D.C. The World Bank. p.xviii. 3 Plant, Roger, 1998. Issues in Indigenous Poverty and Development. Washington D.C. IADB. 4 Luis Hernandez Navarro, 2001. Indigenous Poverty and Social Mobilization, in The Poverty of Rights: Human

Rights and the Eradication of Poverty, eds. Willem van Genugten and Camilo Perez-Bustillo. Zed Books. London. p. 116-117.

5 Birgitte Feiring, 2004. Indigenous Peoples and Poverty:The Cases of Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, Minority Rights Group, London.

6 Http://www.socialwatch.org/en/informes/Nacionales/365.html-ftn 5, downloaded 13 January 2005. 7 International IDEA, 2002, Women in Parliament, Stockholm (http://www.idea.int). English translation of Nina

Pacari, La participation politica de la mujer en el Congreso Ecuatoriano. Una taria pendiente. 8 UNICEF News Note, November 2003. 9 Ethnic minorities is still a term used in Vietnam. However, some of these people self-identify as indigenous

peoples. 10 Huynh Thu Ba, Duong Buh Hanh, Bui The Coung, 2002. Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty

Reduction: Vietnam. Asian Development Bank, Manila. P. 17. 11 Rovillos, Raymundo and Daisy Morales, 2002. Philippines. ADB, Manila.p.19.

14

12 Victoria Tauli Corpuz and Joji Carino,eds, 2003. Reclaiming Balance, Tebtebba. 13 Terra nullius means lands unoccupied before European settlement. This was used in Australia by the colonizers

to justify their exploitation and occupation of indigenous peoples territories. 14 The Regalian Doctrine dates back to the arrival of Spaniards in the Philippines when they declared all lands in the

country as belonging to the King of Spain. The 1987 Philippine Constitution affirms this doctrine in Sec.2, Article X11 which says All lands of the public domain, waters, mineral oils, all sources of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna and other natural resources are owned by the State.

15 Brandon Yoder, 2002. Indigenous People and Oil Production in Ecuador s Oriente, Fourth World Journal, Vol.5, No.1. Center for World s Indigenous Studies, p.80.

16 Camilo Perez-Bustillo, 2001. Human Rights, Poverty and Indigenous Peoples Struggles in the Americas, in The Poverty of Rights, eds. Willem van Genugten and Camilo Perez-Bustillo, Zed Books, London. p. 90.

17 Human Development Report, 2004 18 E/C.19/2004/2. 19 Mark Jamieson, Poverty Among Indigenous Peoples in Nicaragua (1999), Inter-American Development Bank,

Washington, p.8. 20 RAAN means Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte. 21 ADB 2000(b). Assessment of Poverty in Indonesia. ADB, Manila. 22 Roger Plant, 2002. Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction: Regional Report, Asian

Development Bank, Manila, p.30. In Indonesia the people who self-identify as indigenous are the Dayaks of East Kalimantan and the various groups in Irian Jaya. Safitri, Myrna and Rafael Edy Bosko, 2002. Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction: Indonesia, ADB, Manila.

23 Victoria Tauli Corpuz and Ruth Batani-Sidchogan. Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Rural Poor: Philippine Case Study presented at the 27th IFAD Board of Governors Meeting in Rome on Feb. 18, 2004.

24 Agence France Press, 2000. 25 Quoted from Mugged: Poverty in your Coffee Cup (2002) Oxfam International.p.14. 26 Pamela D. McElwee, Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam: Are Trends toward Globalization, Regionalism, and

Nationalism in Southeast Asia Hurting or Helping Them? Presented at the Conference on Globalization and Ethnic Minorities, Chiangmai, December 2004.

27 ADB 2002. Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction: Vietnam, p. 25 28 Discussion with Naomi Kipuri, a Maasai anthropologist and member of the African Working Group on Indigenous

Populations and Communities of the African Commission on Peoples and Human Rights of the African Union. 29 Paper presented by Peggy Antrobus at the UNDP Caribbean Regional Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Conference to the Working Group on MDGs and Gender Equity, July 2003. 30 E/C.19./2005/3. 31 Tebtebba is an indigenous organization otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples International Centre for

Policy Advocacy and Education and it is based in the Philippines.

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32 E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/2004/48, This can be downloaded from www.tebtebba.org. 33 For more information on this law: www.ncip.gov.ph. 34 Section 6 of Chapter 1 on Preliminary Provisions of NCIP A.O. 3 Series of 2002 35 E/C.19/2005/3. 36 ONIC (Organizacion Nacional Indigena de Colombia) is a national federation of indigenous peoples organizations

in Colombia. 37 George Psacharopoulos,et.al, 1994, p.140. 38 Idem. 39 Roger Plant, 2002. Indigenous Peoples/Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction: Regional Report, Asian

Development Bank, Manila.

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Source: http://www.tebtebba.org/tebtebba_files/ipr/mdg.html