Special Rapporteur on Indigenous Peoples · Special Rapporteur on Indigenous Peoples
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
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INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
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INTRODUCTION
Indigenous peoples about 370 million people worldwide, representing more than 5000 groups own languages and cultures, are present in 70 countries across 5 continents and constitute 5% of the world population. There are about 400 different ethnic groups in AL C. and a total indigenous population of approximately 29 million people who are "recognized" as Indians, who make up 6% of the population of AL and C.
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Agenda L.A., p.22 Fondo para el Desarrollo de Pueblos indígenas de A.L. y el C. Atlas socio-lingüístico de pueblos indígenas en A.L. 2009 Agenda Latinoamericana 2012, p.22
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Indigenous people are called "first peoples", tribal people, aboriginal, indigenous, native, minorities, etc.. Predate the formation of the United Nations, IPs are those who have survived the colonial expansion, are linked to a specific territory and have socio-cultural structures (language, religion, economics, politics).
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While recent years have seen major global sociopolitical changes that led to the establishment of new legal norms and constitutional frameworks, national and international - in favor of Indigenous Peoples, still immersed in situations of exclusion, exploitation, assimilation, and realities linked to the violation of their rights, particularly the "territorial” right.
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PARAGUAY'S INDIGENOUS POPULATION: ACCORDING TO THE SECOND NATIONAL INDIGENOUS CENSUS 2002
561 indigenous settlements, 414 indigenous communities.
20 indigenous tribes, 87,099 people identified as indigenous self; 91.5% live in rural areas and only 8.5% live in urban areas.
According to the Indian Household Survey (EHI-2008), the indigenous population numbers to 108,600 people, that is, 7% of the total population. The (52.5%) resides in the Eastern Region and (47.5%) in the Western Region, distributed in 512 communities.
The census includes all people "self-identified" as indigenous, with reference to the recognition of their identity (sense of belonging), common origin, territoriality and linguistic-cultural factor.
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Map of Indigenous
Communities in Paraguay
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THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION IN PARAGUAY
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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TODAY
Land Conflicts
Today almost 60% of indigenous communities have the legal, permanent settlement of their land. On the one hand, by 2013, the State agreed to a beneficial owner of 279,000 hectares of indigenous lands. With that 70% of the communities could have legal land titles, but on the other hand, on behalf of titled lands for indigenous INDI not guarantee the security of the trend of land, for example. Itakyry cases, Alto Paraná and Makutinga, Itapúa.
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EARTH-TERRITORY The construction of the Itaipu and Yacyreta
companies in indigenous territories and integration misunderstood, have led many communities to critical situations. Until today there is no response from the national authorities.
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EARTH-TERRITORYOverbilling on land purchases by the INDI, overlay titles, soybean production and contamination of territories.
The soy farmers and ranchers who have weakened the capacity of land and damaged streams.
Conflicts between Indigenous lands and traditional territories, case Ache - Ava Guarani, farm 470.
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EARTH-TERRITORY
Maps of those affected by the Itaipu
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CASES OF STRUGGLE FOR LAND-TERRITORY Mbya - San Rafael Reserve 72,000 ha. VILLAGE PAI-Jasuka Tavyterá RENDA 768 ha. Ava Guaraní people - Ava Guarani
COMMUNITIES ZONE 2700 ha. Itakyry ACHE VILLAGE - RESERVE CAAZAPA - Chupa
Pou - FINCA 470. INTERAMERICO cases before the HUMAN
RIGHTS-YAKYE AXA, SAWHOYAMAXA And Xákmok Kásek.
Protect isolated - SILVICULTURAL LANDLESS - "` YVA HENDA ".
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CASES OF STRUGGLE FOR LAND-TERRITORY COMMUNITIES OF AVA GUARANI ITAKYRY ZONE
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AVA GUARANI COMMUNITIES ZONE ITAKYRY
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COMUNIDADES AVA GUARANI DE LA ZONA DE ITAKYRY
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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TODAY
Deforestation
Roll indiscriminate extraction of indigenous territories for marketing.
Leasing of Indigenous lands for mechanized agriculture environmental havoc, causing multiple diseases in communities.
Replacement of native forests by large expanses of soybeans, colonial pastures or other commercial plantations, including tree plantations.
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Invasion of territories: peasants, Brazilian agribusiness ...
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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TODAY
Indigenous migration to the cities
Since 2000 there is a mass migration of Indigenous to the capital and other cities; causes: lack of land, deforestation, pesticides and diseases.
The increasing migration of people to the
cities results to uprooting from their habitat and their families, prostitution, drug addiction, alcoholism and labor exploitation.
Growing racism towards urban indigenous Paraguayan citizens
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DIFFICULTIES IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
The indigenous illiteracy rate is still very high, 40.2% of Indigenous cannot read or write.
No set features of a curriculum that allows culture to be integrated in the contents.
Ignorance or lack of understanding of the concept ofIndigenous education by MEC officials.
Lack of a budget for educationindigenous education.
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INDIGENOUS ACHIEVEMENTS Access to ministries in the Church (Priesthood and Religious
Life). Cultivation and deepening the culture itself (revitalization). Public visibility of Indigenous Peoples through their claims
articulated. Involvement in the formulation of public policy proposals. Adoption of the Law 3231/07, Indigenous Education and
installation of the Directorate General for Indigenous Education.
Approval of the National Indigenous Health Policy. Participation in designing an Indigenous Health Act.
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III Latin American Local Governments in Indigenous Territories "Tekoháre" November 24 and 26, 2009, Asunción, Paraguay
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INDIGENOUS HEALTH CONGRESS
National Indian Health Policy
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NEW CHALLENGESFor the Society Enter into dialogue with indigenous cultures. Moving from multiculturalism to interculturalism. Develop new laws on indigenous rights as the Constitution and the
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and promote respect their regulations.
Severely punish all kinds of invasions of indigenous lands and any assault on their traditional religion, culture and natural assets.
Create opportunities for participation in PPII. Recognize and accept that predate PPII society / Paraguayan
culture. Discard all forms of racism. Predisposition for meeting and exchange with the "other / different."
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NEW CHALLENGES
For Indigenous Walking together towards self-management Strengthen own ethno-esteem/culture Revitalize their traditional organizations Participate and monitor government and
private policies Articulated associations, federations and
confederations
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NEW CHALLENGESFor Indigenous
Continental level networking; strengthen partnerships in the just claims of land - territory.
Require indigenous rights under the current legal framework.
Fighting for an education and health care with a focus intercultural and rights.
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NEW CHALLENGES
For the Paraguayan Church Opening to the indigenous religious and spiritual
contributions. Rate unity in cultural and religious diversity. Accepting indigenous ecclesiastical ministries and
ministries promote inculturation for different services.
Promote and assess Indigenous Theology and Christian Indigenous
Share the Good News of Jesus Christ in a dialogue. Give space to the Indigenous Pastoral and pastoral
differentiated. Breaking from the process of "re-colonization". Meet God in the theologies, spiritualities, cultures
and realities of PPII.
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OTHER CHALLENGES - CONCLUSION
Space require culturally relevant participation (inclusion); respect to his nature (characteristics) and their territories; public policy according to your needs and realities; banish racism; "dialogue of equals": indigenous society-national society .
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CONAPI The CONAPI, organization of the Paraguayan Episcopal Conference (CEP) is responsible for coordinating the indigenous joint patoral with Paraguay's Indigenous Peoples.
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CONAPI
Actions The actions are based on the following principles:
a) Influence of the Indigenous and Indigenous rights guarantees.
b) Respect for their culture, ethnic and cultural plurality, and traditional knowledge systems.
c) Respect for self-determination and self-management.
d) Support in their self-management process, healthy relationships and selfless.
e) A mystical oriented to interreligious and intercultural dialogue.
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INCIDENCE AREAS - CONCLUSION
Defense and legal assurance of the territories. Strengthen the empowerment of PPII in the formulation and
implementation of laws and public policies. Revitalization of their own systems of education and health
and its relationship with Western systems - not indigenous. Visibility of the PPII through participation and the use of
modern media. Reflection, dialogue and respectful exchange of indigenous
theology and inculturation of the Gospel.
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CONAPI
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CONAPI
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thank you very much