Indicators of Performance in Health and Safety Management
Transcript of Indicators of Performance in Health and Safety Management
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1
Indicators of Performance in
Health and Safety Management Professor Neil Budworth
EHS Director EMEA Houghton International
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What is to come
– Why bother with indicators – what use are they ?
– The main types of indicators
– Pros and cons of some well known indicators
– Presenting data and benchmarking
– Health and Process Safety
– Summary
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But Before I start Where is North ?
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What are Indicators of Performance for ? - Why Bother ?
– to monitor how well the business is performing (to show the right direction)
– to raise awareness or to focus attention on a particular issue
– to be used as part of an incentive programme
– to educate staff
Each of these purposes will require different characteristics
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Using Indicators - Monitoring
– Linked to activities
– Looking for trends
– Moving annual totals
– Rates
– Yardstick – good or bad
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Using Indicators Creating Awareness / Focus
– Frequency of report
– Focusing a spotlight on an issue
– Comparison
– Understand ability
6
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What would you estimate the top ten insurance issues to be for an Engineering Company ?
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Costs No of Cases Cost per Case
Deafness 2500 6 417
Cuts 9421 10 942
Slips Trips and Falls 82394 32 2575
Trapping 37893 14 2707
Burn 32979 8 4122
Dermatitis 59530 11 5412
Asthma 38250 5 7650
Manual Handling 146629 16 9164
Group Issues
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0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
ULD Slips/ Trips Machinery
Injury
Dermatitis Struck By
Total Insurance Costs By Category
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ALSO, THE BRIDGE IS OUT AHEAD
Getting the Priorities Right !
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– Suppression
– Definitions
– Manipulation
– Lost time incidents
– You get what you incentivise
Using Indicators – Incentives / Bonuses
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Using Indicators - Education
– Relevance to audience
– Sufficient detail
– Prevention
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Types of Indicator
Leading Indicators
Can be measured without an incident, accident or
property damage occurring
Are useful in being able to predict or prevent future
events.
Often are linked to processes or targeted
activities
Lagging Indicators
Are indicators that show
the number and or severity of events which
have occurred.
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Types of Indicator
Leading Indicators
Safety Audits
Behaviour
Attitude surveys
Inspections
Lagging Indicators
Lost time incidents
Minor accidents
Days lost
Absence data
Property damage
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How Many Accidents, Near Misses and Unsafe Behaviours in this Clip ?
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How Many ?
What does this illustrate ?
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What is the Ideal Indicator?
Leading Indicator
Be under the control of individuals
Be positive
Be easily understood
Be relatively easy to collect.
Consist of a large volume of data which can be fed back
Reflect the current situation not historic ones
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The Most Common Measure of Performance
ACCIDENT DATA !
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Absolute measure of performance
Relatively easy to collect
Allows Benchmarking
Reporting rate can be verified
Easily understood
Focus for discussion
Provide a basis for improvement
Help to identify trends
Accident Statistics (Positive points)
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Potential Pitfalls of Benchmarking
Example Lost Time Incident Frequency Rate (LTIF)
Most Common
Definition in UK
Accidents per 100,000
hours worked
Approximately
accidents in a working
lifetime
OHSA Definition in
US
Accidents per 200,000
hours worked
Approximately 100
employees working for
a year
Other Common
Definition
Accidents per 200,000
hours worked
If your rate is expressed as Accidents per 100,000 hrs
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Downstream measure
Historical perspective
Poor predictor of future events
Random statistical variation
Level of safety awareness affects reporting rate.
Measurement of failure not success
Viewed as being out of the control of the workforce
No mention of severity
No mention of gradually developing diseases.
Accident Statistics (Potential issues)
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1
10
30
600
Serious or Disabling Injury
Minor Injuries
Property Damage
Incidents with no
visible injury or
damage (near misses)
Bird’s Triangle
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Texas City
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Bird’s Triangle
High Potential
Accidents
Low Potential
Accidents
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30
Bird’s Triangle Process
Safety Health
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Did this intervention Work ?
0
5
10
15
20
25
93/94 94/95 95/96
Accident Data 93-96
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Accident Statistics
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
93/94 94/95 95/96
Minor
Lost Time
Reportable
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
94 95 96
Working Days Lost
Number of Days Lost Due to Accidents
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Cross Checking Reporting Rates
First aid supplies
Anonymous surveys
Comparing Severity Rates (days lost per accident)
Comparing accident triangles
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‘Subjects each area of an organisation’s activities to a systematic critical examination with the objective of minimising loss. Every component of the total system is included’ Stranks and Dewis
Safety Audit
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Safety Audits (Positive points)
Leading indicator (Before an incident occurs)
Compared to standard so variation obvious
Selected items can be used in personal appraisals
Comprehensive (covers all of management system)
Visible show of commitment
Companies familiar with other audits
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Safety Audits (Potential issues)
If used too frequently can lose impact
No reds culture
Organisations face many audits (financial, quality etc...)
Reports can sound negative
Not easy to benchmark
Do audits adequately address the human factor?
Do audits correlate well with actual performance?
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Inspections/ Sampling
(Positive points)
Workforce involvement helps ownership Visibility Provide snap shot of current status Quantifiable
(Potential Issues)
Items of strategic importance ? Sufficient time allowed ? Consistency
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Training of inspectors – What to look for
– Agree consistency
– Strategic items
– Taking responsibility – not walking past issues
– Soft Skills
•How to get below the surface
•Asking, not just looking
•What to ask
•How to ask it
How Can Inspections be Improved
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Soft Skills
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Using Behaviour to Improve Safety
Measure
Behaviour
Give Positive
Feedback to
individual
Give Positive
Feedback to
Group
Train Staff
and Observers Staff Set
Targets
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Results of UMIST/HSE Study
75.00
80.00
85.00
90.00
95.00
100.00Pre Intervention
Post Intervention
Housekeeping Scaffolding Access to
Heights
PPE Plant
81.1
84.9
88.6
85
88.4
79.1
84
86.6
88.8
84.1
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Behaviour (Positive points)
Good predictor of safety performance
Perceived to be controllable
Motivational (goal setting and feedback)
Large volume of data
Shows commitment
Helps change attitudes ?
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Behaviour (Potential issues)
Suitable behaviours need to be identified in detail
Time and Effort, Time and Effort
Sustainability
Consistency
Framework for communication
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Attitude Measurement / Climate Measure (adapted from RSSB web site)
Advantages •Allows all the workforce’s views to be considered. •High profile •Reveals current attitudes & perceptions •Can clearly point to issues that need to be addressed. •May identify issues in the safety management systems.
Limitations •Will not identify all issues. •High profile raises workforce expectations about responses •High response rates required to ensure results fully reflect organisation’s culture – this can be difficult to achieve unless implemented well. •Results often do not directly identify underlying causes:
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Key Performance Indicators
They should be objective and easy to measure and
collect
They should be relevant to the organisation or workgroup
whose performance is being measured.
They should provide immediate and reliable indication of
the level of performance
They should be cost efficient in terms of equipment,
personnel and additional technology required to gather
the information
They should be understood and owned by the
organisation or workgroup whose performance is being
measured.
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Examples
Training delivered against plan
Investigations closed within 14 days
Number of senior management safety visits
against plan
Delivery against plan
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Health Indicators
Process effectiveness
Referral time
Completion of health surveillance
Outcome
Attendance levels
Days lost per FTE
Number of specific illnesses
Leading Indicators
Health Impact Index (developed by the
Olympic team)
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Presenting the Data
Historic annual accident rate
Monthly spot accident rate
Rolling annual accident rate
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LTIF - What does our performance mean?
What does an LTIF of 1 actually mean ?
Making it Relevant to the Audience
It means during their working
life on average every single
member of staff will suffer an
injury so severe that that they
will have to take time off work
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Score Cards and Basket Indicators
•Score Cards
•Consolidate key data in to one place
•All relevant graphs and indicators for several issues on one page
•Basket Indicators
•Attempt to combine all of the relevant data into a single score
•Each indicator is weighted and then they are combined through addition or multiplication
•Clarity ?
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Questions ?