Indicators of Exposure to Known and Suspected Carcinogens in the Environment
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Indicators of Exposure to Known and Suspected Carcinogens in the Environment
Data Priorities and Recommendations
Karla Poplawski, Eleanor Setton, Perry Hystad, Roz Cheasley, Alejandro Cervantes-Larios, Alison Palmer
May 29, 2014Public Health 2014, Toronto, ON
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• Introduction to environmental approach and risk indicators;
• Overview data priority assessment framework and results;
• Discuss high data priorities and recommendations.
Overview
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• Indicators of exposure – Lifetime Excess Cancer Risk• 33 known or suspected carcinogens• 5 environmental pathways:
Outdoor Air, Indoor Air, Indoor DustDrinking Water, Food & Beverages
CAREX Environmental Approach
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Indicator: Potential Lifetime Excess Cancer RiskHow many extra cancers in a population of 1 million people compared to a population that is not exposed
National average and maximum risk, based on actual measured data for each substance & exposure pathway (circa 2006)
CAREX Environmental Approach
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Data Priority Assessment
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Data Priority Assessment
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• Treated Water
Local government jurisdiction, lack of standard substances tested, differences in analytical methods, no national database
• Privately Sourced (wells or surface water)
Sent by individuals for lab testing, results may not be reported to local jurisdictions
Drinking Water Data
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Improve access to data on measured levels in treated and privately sourced drinking water:
• Treated Water
Synthesis measured levels of standard list of substances into publicly available national (or provincial) database or reports
• Privately Sourced (wells or surface water)
Anonymize lab results and publicize to increase understanding of exposure levels of those not served by municipal systems
Drinking Water Recommendations
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• Lack of standardization in food lists between studies
Canada & US do not collect measured levels in conjunction with amount consumed, studies on each component do not use comparable food lists
Food & Beverages Data
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Enhance integration of existing data collection efforts (to include dietary intake and analysis of foods eaten) for a standard set of substances
Food & Beverages Recommendations
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• Diesel Engine Exhaust
Coarse estimate, potentially high number of Canadians exposed
• Asbestos
Rarely measured in Canada, US data suggests detectable and higher in urban areas
Outdoor Air Data
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• Diesel Engine Exhaust
Refine estimates with traffic data, targeted monitoring
• Asbestos
National survey in urban areas, target areas known to be influenced
Outdoor Air Recommendations
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• Diesel Engine Exhaust
No information available, estimates assume infiltration indoors
• Asbestos
Rarely measured in Canada, US data show increased risk
Indoor Air Data
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• Diesel Engine Exhaust
Improve outdoor estimates and residential proximity analyses, collect information in effectiveness of filters in housing types
• Asbestos
Monitoring study of buildings known to be contaminated, those remediated, and newer buildings, also indoor & outdoor urban/rural homes, and near contaminated sites
Indoor Air Recommendations
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• Lack of concentration and use frequency for consumer products
No system in place to allow ongoing and comprehensive exposure surveillance for standard set of substances & products
Consumer Products Data
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Establish reporting system for substances in consumer products, i.e. require manufacturers to report concentration levels in products, explore ways to work with retailers/market survey companies to track frequency of use statistics
Consumer Products Recommendations
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• Priorities based on judgment of CAREX staff, and apply nationally. Different priorities may exist regionally or locally, depending on sources or data not available to CAREX.
• Substances identified as “not priority” for data collection may be priorities for exposure reduction.
• Recommendations are suggestions; feasibility of implementation has not been assessed.
Conclusions