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Indications of Intensified Stigma of Mental Illness Among African Americans Indications of...
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Indications of Intensified Stigma of Mental Illness Among African Americans Carolyn D. Sullins, Ph.D., Ladel Lewis, Ph.D. Cand., Amy Helmuth, B.A. The Kercher Center for Social Research Western Michigan University Initial Questions (Who? What?) Our site serves youth aged 7-17, who are roughly half Caucasian and half African American, with very few youth of other races. Most are male (71%). 1. On what variables do African American and Caucasian youth differ at baseline? 2. Do African American and Caucasian youth improve functioning at comparable rates? Some surprising findings to these questions, particularly about family history and youth-reported presenting problems, led us to ask different questions than we originally posed. Depression Other Mental Illness Susbstance Abuse 89% 67% 81% 57% 45% 56% Black Youth White Youuth Has child witnessed domestic violence? Was depressed? Had a mental illness, other than depression? Was convicted of a crime? Had a substance abuse problem? 0% 40% 80% 53% 86% 53% 59% 67% 46% 56% 28% 57% 39% Black Youth Has your child ever lived with someone who… Does any one in your child’s biological family have a history of… Suicidal Ideation/ Self-Injury Anxiety Conduct/ Delinquency Psychotic Behaviors School Performance 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Black Youth White youth Family Histories According to: Caregivers of White Youth (N =73) and Caregivers of Black Youth (N=66) Presenting Problems According to Youth (N=101) Scores on CBCL 6-18 Follow up Questions (Why?) 1. Why do parents of White youth report more symptoms in their children? 2. Why do White youth report more depression and anxiety than Black youth, while Black youth report more “conduct” problems? 3. Why do so many more parents of White youth report family histories of depression and other mental illnesses? Initial Results Repeated measures MANOVA showed no significant differences between African American and White youth as far improvement rates on the CBCL 6-18 between baseline and 6 months. Clinicians reported no significant differences in baseline GAF scores. However, there were some substantial differences as far as baseline CBCL 6-18 scores, youth-reported “presenting problems” and caregiver-reported family history. (See graphs). White youth also reported more anxiety according to the RCMAS. Follow Up Discussion These findings were presented to the Cultural and Linguistic Competence Committee for further discussion. The hypothetical explanations were: 1. There may be greater stigma of depression, anxiety, and mental illness in general in the African American community. 2. African American Use of Findings The results were shared with the Public Education/Social Marketing work group as well as the Youth Advisory Group. In light of these findings, African Americans should be a focus of our local stigma- reduction efforts. A young African-American man is now presenting his story in a video aimed at reaching out to other youth. Anxious/Depressed Somatic Complaints Thought Problems Rule-Breaking Behavior Internalizing 0 20 40 60 80 Black Youth White Youth
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Transcript of Indications of Intensified Stigma of Mental Illness Among African Americans Indications of...
Indications of Intensified Stigma of Mental Illness Among African AmericansCarolyn D. Sullins, Ph.D., Ladel Lewis, Ph.D. Cand., Amy Helmuth, B.A.
The Kercher Center for Social ResearchWestern Michigan University
Initial Questions (Who? What?)
Our site serves youth aged 7-17, who are roughly half Caucasian and half African American, with very few youth of other races. Most are male (71%). 1. On what variables do African American and Caucasian youth differ at
baseline? 2. Do African American and Caucasian youth improve functioning at
comparable rates? Some surprising findings to these questions, particularly about family history and youth-reported presenting problems, led us to ask different questions than we originally posed.
Depression
Other Mental Illness
Susbstance Abuse
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
89%
67%
81%
57%
45%
56%
Black Youth White Youuth
Has child witnessed domestic vio-lence?
Was depressed?
Had a mental illness, other than depression?
Was convicted of a crime?
Had a substance abuse problem?
0% 50% 100%
53%
86%
53%
59%
67%
46%
56%
28%
57%
39%
Black Youth
Has your child ever lived with someone
who…
Does any one in your child’s biological family
have a history of…
Suicidal Ideation/Self-Injury
Anxiety
Conduct/Delinquency
Psychotic Behaviors
School Performance
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Black YouthWhite youth
Family Histories According to: Caregivers of White Youth (N =73) and Caregivers of Black Youth (N=66)
Presenting Problems According to Youth (N=101) Scores on CBCL 6-18 (Admin to 149 Caregivers)
Follow up Questions (Why?)
1. Why do parents of White youth report more symptoms in their children?
2. Why do White youth report more depression and anxiety than Black youth, while Black youth report more “conduct” problems?
3. Why do so many more parents of White youth report family histories of depression and other mental illnesses?
Initial Results
Repeated measures MANOVA showed no significant differences between African American and White youth as far improvement rates on the CBCL 6-18 between baseline and 6 months. Clinicians reported no significant differences in baseline GAF scores.
However, there were some substantial differences as far as baseline CBCL 6-18 scores, youth-reported “presenting problems” and caregiver-reported family history. (See graphs). White youth also reported more anxiety according to the RCMAS.
Follow Up Discussion
These findings were presented to the Cultural and Linguistic Competence Committee for further discussion. The hypothetical explanations were:1. There may be greater stigma of
depression, anxiety, and mental illness in general in the African American community.
2. African American youth, esp. males, may find it easier to disclose conduct issues than anxiety or depression.
Use of Findings
The results were shared with the Public Education/Social Marketing work group as well as the Youth Advisory Group. In light of these findings, African Americans should be a focus of our local stigma-reduction efforts. A young African-American man is now presenting his story in a video aimed at reaching out to other youth.
Anxious/Depressed
Somatic Complaints
Thought Problems
Rule-Breaking Behavior
Internalizing
0 20 40 60 80
Black YouthWhite Youth
![Theory of Planned Behavior, Self‑Stigma, and Perceived ...file.qums.ac.ir/repository/sdh/Theory of Planned...self-stigma (also known as internalized stigma).[5,6] Self-stigma was](https://static.fdocuments.in/doc/165x107/5f59324ffcada40fd01f4b2a/theory-of-planned-behavior-selfastigma-and-perceived-filequmsacirrepositorysdhtheory.jpg)
