Lucía Cuesta , Sara Climent & Paloma García

INDEX• LOCATION OF INDIA• NUMBER OF INHABITANTS• CAUSES OF INDIA’S OVERPOPULATION• EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION• IS OVERPOPULATION THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN INDIA?

• POLICIES TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT AND SOLUTIONS• FORMULA TO CALCULATE OVERPOPULATION• POPULATION PYRAMIDS

LOCATION OF INDIA

Located in South Asia, India is the seventh-largest country by area. Home to a

multilingual and multi-ethnic society, India is surrounded by the Indian Ocean on the

south, the Bay of Bengal on the south-east and the Arabian Sea on the south-west. The country shares its land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north-east, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to

the east.

NUMBER OF INHABITANTS

• During 2016 India population is projected to increased by nearly 17 million people and reach 1 thousand of hundreds in the beginning of 2017.

• The natural increase is expected to be positive, as the number of births will exceed the number of deaths.

• If external migration will remain on the previous year level, the population will be declined by 541 027 due to the migration reasons. It means that the number of people who leave India to settle permanently in another country (emigrants) will prevail over the number of people who move into the country (to which they are not native) in order to settle there as permanent residents (immigrants).

CAUSES FOR OVERPOPULATION

• It´s obviously than in India there´s overpopulation and it´s because:

• Lack of family planning : People don’t know that producing more and more children is not necessarily beneficial.

• Source of income: Poor people, whose main source of income is through physical labor, actually benefit from producing more and more children as their children would work more and in-turn bring more income to the family.

• Lack of awareness about birth-control measures: Many citizens are unaware of contraceptive methods. Thus, while actually not interested in giving more births, they accidentally do so.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION

• Effects of overpopulation in Indian´s democracy are:

• Stress on natural resources, thus increase in the prices of basic necessities

• Unemployment-increase

• Increasing criminal cases

• Increase in pollution

• Increase in conflicts between nations and states for use of resources .

IS OVERPOPULATION THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN INDIA?

• In India there are problems appart of overpopulation. There´re social ones, in India is still carryimg out the division of breeds so there´s a lot of poverty (it means that if you are born in a poor family you´re going to be poor all life) approximately 600 millions Indians living in poverty and also problems in economy, the agriculture sector doesn´t obtain the necessary profits so people that practise it, doesn´t have the necessary things to live.

POLICIES TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT AND SOLUTIONS

• In India they are trying to reduce the birth rate to two children per mother (maximum) by sterilizing them.

SOLUTIONS

• Instead of sterilizing women and thus remove the value of being mother for them, families should be concerned that having more children isn’t the way to get more stability in the family (they believe that having more children they will have more people working for the family) because having more children means having more people to take care and feed them.

• Minimum age of Marriage: Fertility depends on the age of marriage. So the minimum age of marriage should be raised. In India minimum age for marriage is 21 years for men and 18 years for women has be fixed by law. This law should be firmly implemented.

FORMULA FOR OVERPOPULATION

RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE

19,3 – 7,310

BIRTH RATE – DEATH RATE

1012 / 10 = 1,2=

In this pyramid we can see that in the base (non economically active step) from 0-14 years there is a high number in millions, it´s caused because of overpopulation, so families have a lot of babies thinking that they need more people for working on crops. Then, at economically active (from 14-34), there´s also a high number but it has decrease because children have to work from very small ones and that makes them have a short life expectancy. Then at the economically active step (from 34-65) it has decrease and it can be because India has very few resources and people die because hospitals don’t take care of them. Finally at elderly dependants step (from 65+), we can see that it´s a few people living because they have short life expetancy and like they don´t have a retirement pension because economically active people don’t pay taxes for them.

POPULATION PYRAMID

Now we have an Indian pyramid of 2050. It´s similar to the pyramid on the other slide, but the number of economically dependant people from 34-65 has increased a lot because in the previous pyramid there were a lot of babies, and those babies have grown up.

INDIA VS CHINA

Nowadays, China have more population that India but as we can see in 2040 India is going to have more population than China. This increase in India is because: marriage is early, pooverty (families want to have more sons in order to send them to earn money working on the crops) & contraceptive is not used.