pelure,
etc.,
de la nettet6
'A
//tii//ji/i
''vV>_.
years,
supplemented
by
a
on
Indian
habits
and
customs.
some
un-
only in
1876-7,
vocal
languages.
language
used
by
course by means of
the Indians were wonderfully
bringing
with
the
to
knowledge
great
value,
sign
language,
and perfect
Territory, Dakota,
Idaho.
or non-exist-
ence at
present, and
its status
in olden
careless abbreviations;
or
personally by signs with the
Indians,
and
tribe
or
old
Jesuit
long
experi-
ence
with
people.
will
return
it
gestures
this way unintentionally deceive the
investigator.
whole,
greater
availab'lity
of
utterance
as
proved
by
on
to
suppose
condition
near
coming in
contact with
on record,
Autochthonic
theory
Bancroft happily summarizes
 The
American
Indians,
their
e(iual
Japanese
junks
on
by
wiiich
three
thousand
years
ago.
necessary
it
certainly
cannot
be
kind
has
ever
evidence of a
the bow and arrow.
The mere fact that they had certain customs, habits, manners, and
religious rites common
of
wonderful
in-
ventions
which
minds were subjected to
stages of
certain
rude
social
customs
to
those
origin.
even
more
unsatisfactory
than
with
writing. The latter
which
as the
task at
even
at
a
part
scientific
joy, sorrow, courage, shame,
a
degree
of
that required in vocal
arrives
at
to
whatever
means
or to
necessity for com-
bodily
movements,
so
that
by
the
time
few
the
operations
of
may thickly cluster
to
evidence
the
have
tial
savages, the great number
through natural causes, such as internal trouble, wars with other
tribes,
i)lace
into
separate families or bands, and in these bands, after rf long
period
as
food,
areas, and the philologist now finding them, discovers that their
vocal languages
to
have
described,
so
beautifying
the
language,
which
the
status
in
former
times,
so
light on the subject.
there
was
be no
members of these
tribes as it is to-day when they meet, but no mention is
made
of
the
of
graphical
tlie
Mr.
widely
the valley of the
according
to
Mr.
Morgan,
were
all
able
six
now
while
the
Morgan
bered
that
prior
to
'vvv^re
to
vicinity of Montreal, upon the
northern bank
of the
Algonquin
and
improved
to
escape
extermina-
tion.
pow-
erful
Spirit
to
we
given rather
than tobacco
in
east, west, north, and
feathers, and with black
league.
trees certain de-
was, however,
much more
Georgia,
Cherokees.
same language,
to which
probably the
of
the
same
stock.
and
that
Plains
Indians,
and
in
my
viewed
by them
last two hundred years. I consider it at least unwise
to
others. All languages have of course
needed
the
healthy
stimulus
of
transporting their
possessions over
in
place
end,
some superior force, and whose surroundings and occupation did not
bring
last
one
hundred
or
centres,
if
not
of
totally different from the
being
a powerful nation, numbering
probably not less than four thousand lodges, and perhaps five, the
present
each
other,
which surrounded them
speech,
and
in
its
Second.
The
the Mandan
the
these
years the
their
alliance
crossed
until within
joined
first joined their forces is beyond
the
reach
were forced south
by the Cheyennes
Omahas, and
others to
protec-
nation.
Here
Comanches they
Comanches,
Apaches,
out
undesirable
of
outside
language most
easily acquired
but
experience
with
the
among
the
Indians,
coffee
describing
the
motion
made
to
; and its
development and
use, had
this part
devoted
much
of
the
signs
will
be
made
in
such
a
scriptions
have
common
use,
nomenclature.
The
radial
upper
palmar surface,
and
abducted
little
the
synonymous \\\\.\\
; i.e.,
course the
Apaches,
In
addition
and
dis-
languages which
Mie
origin
of
slain
enemies
origin
tribal signs for the Mandans and Wicliitas discover the now
discarded
the
to
the
Happy
Tiie mysteries
by
this
as seemed most
have
been
secure
proficiency,
it
is
no
art and
of nature. Vividness
making
gestures
syntax,
and
it
great chief,
children are sick and have
nothing
to
eat.
weather intensely
month I
arrive here—
tions are omitted,
singular
number,
speech
or
conver-
simply
makes
the
peculiar
touched
upon
eliminating
some
of
the
to
In-
dians,
good
think
nation.
of
things
to
of vipers,
all
th.
ii
common white
a
greater
rians
make
their
savage
breasts.
feeling
concise state-
American
romance are those which, without any foundation in truth, have cre-
ated
When
confronted
with
cease to attract, and, indeed, become
in a
ful he made those sons of the forest
seem,
seem patiently, if not lazily, to await final
oblivion. Filthy, brutal,
through
the
these.
Brave
of
suft'c'ring
knew
a
romance.
All
litv'
or
the
history
of
the
country,
ever
to
the
fore
in
philanthropic
and
i)aci-
fied
tions, he has
only
been
This is
would
to
rate
our
civilization
as
border-ruffianism
of our wild
common
use.
signals
metaphors
\,x--vcu-
gestures
made
by
our
with
I am indebted to Dr. Philip
Gillett for
assistance in
in
exactly
a',
e.
I
am
indebted
•»
%
and rear,
and simultaneously
o])en
and she
ence
became
entirely
a
or headman,
I'ARTUKITION.
spoken of)
in committing
several
fre-
quently
kill
the
woman
as
well
as
internally, produce abortion
front
would be
and a
inches over
In the sense of one
above another in
people
gener-
ally,
the
accidentally shot, would be in sign, I shot
'^
six
;
case, see .Sick.
right
the
afflicted
part
sign.
Indians
by natural
holding
o\cr left.
tlie
Blackfeet
included
crime
in
would some-
times be
killed by
old
war-
rior
overtook
them,
killed
the
the wife's
and left her
Deaf-mutes make
the sign
(ox ashamed
slightly upwards, in front
a
thumbs closed
move the
advance or movement of men or animals, though, strictly, it
relates to
in
backs of hands
some-
f'ling
either
little
of
in
advance-guard
looking
for
trail,
etc.,
of
point
towards
the
ground.
Their
to
either
side
fwell
fingers
drawn
the
education
and
training
to
indicate
the
throbbing
action
of
the
higli
several
directions,
of
body,
then
back up,
breast, index
thumb closed
parallel
to
time, longer
as
far
as
l)ushed
well
to
Agency.
Conception:
clothing.
Make
here
or more,
to
eat.
Issue
days
idea
of
the
as
well
as
there.
Tlie clouds which had been
hover-
around
us
for
the
the
office
brought
quite
a
have
in
a
old
hands
wet blankets
for
the surface of tlie afflicted
part,
will
say,
/ 7cuint
to
a
plan
of
action.
thumb
look
sign for
caution
ap-
plies
with
e
of
deaf-
ai
Alive.
front
natural signs
a
Die.
In
asking
gesture speecli.
chest and ])arallel
arms nearly
each
other;
repeating
motion,
an unhealthy
forehead, and palm
gers slightly separated, the hands then raised (keeping ])almar surface
against body) with
ing,
to left, starting from about op-
posite right shoulder, carrying the hand well out to front from that
point.
Sometimes,
after
the
circular
of  all
the {)eople
the
All
Oone.
The
of
wards
])ointing
to
towards
the
as
striking
in t'ront of
(See
WirKU
Out
or
P'.xtkr-
MINATE.
thumbs and
thumb closed, in
the
the line
individu md
at in-
their ponies,
rode alone
Make sign for
and
thumbs
closed,
left
of
right
tip
of
hand are
the people of
 the
closed, and
Among.
Bring
left
hand
slightly
Deaf-mutes use
are
carrittl
revolve
race.
Angry.
closed
right
hand,
thumb
press-
irritated,
position,
;
it
is
lowered
held in front of
then
right, and then down-
wards, terminating movement when the hand is at same lieight as
when starting.
from rear
are also made. The coarse, brittle hair of the antelope
is
/.<?.,
killing.
The
brains
are
on the coals.
the heart. Some-
of
up,
tially
ing
on
hand
inwards
and
outwards,
mostly
wrist
hand rubbing against
that
the
musical
instrument
nude
from
Indian Territory.
tain and Hooked or Curved Toe Apaches, and corresponding signs
are made
Agency are frecpiently called
but
that
t'ley
joined
very
much
like
the
Kiowas,
aves
and
a s])ecial
scalp-lock,
a
string
for
this
the
 vith
that we
work
continues
to
hibor
is not as
have
of the
river-bottoms or
more
Mojave men
lowed
to
others
ordinary dress of the
as a
tion
of
ornaments
the
on
to
and
has been
overflowed by
the river.
the
ground,
in
which
Wiien food
and
stoically.
Apache
acumen in this
green grass, behind
much address and
will
so
resemble
near
range
with-
out
among
for
one
of
wicker-work
dishes.
used,
which
made.
 The
guage contains all
councils;
cure
his
patient
must
latter, with the
tlie
cul-
prits.
All
inflict
on
them
most
a
slow
only steal
unnat-
ural
amusements,
dances
attain the age of puberty
;
but
agreeable,
and
thi'
accompaniment
cornstalk
or
cane
flutes,
wooden
drums,
or
con-
stantly
staking
throw,
of
the
may be necessary
it is
near
ar.d
view.
Deaf-mutes
and
up,
and
to
distin-
guish
must
be
Apple,
and
closed
and
compressed
signs.
It
is
claimed
by
the
Northern
thundi and
closed
;
the
Assinaboines,
at
Fort
Belknap,
on
Milk
River,
about
twenty-eight
right
as
were
one
people,
to
the
history
of
the
head-waters
of
on
Sand
Creek),
was
rially
(phvsically
either
from
any
almost
to
make
it
neces-
sary
a
and
my
notes
of
the
war with
the whites
his-
tory,
Arkansas, and
The Great
Spirit had
Indians, saw ponies, ran off some; these were the first
we
power
is
—nothing but
with red
ground.
band, taking with me
men.
decrepit
the re-
second chief of this band, gave
me their
to
with me, and
in
the
council.
River,
about
.Arapahoes were
rub
the
if
they
liave
great
confidence
in
were
saluting.
Their
always
kept.
They
be-
lieved
that
in battle did
warriors
killed
in
battle
(Milky-Way).
and a
(fainted)
P)ull
band.
War-parties
hrd a partisan who went in advance, and carried a pipe
in
or drink from the
shadows
of
dark-
They
not
insteacl
of
buffalo-
the
power
and be
spared from
visited Washington) saiii
after
tiieir
after which
the Clheyennes, had
of the
shirt. 'I'he
girls and
little tangle-liaired
had
Ute
blood,
used
of
jugglery.
They
did
ago,
sent
them
\.o
Iiini.
The
a
long
tried
it,
Suddeidy
the
waters
sul)sided,
that
it
could
not
Arapahoe
the different people the same as at the |»resent day.
Then he
ill the streams,
the other
people, all
claim
( ouncil
or
peace
chief,
who,
the power of his
gives
in com-
\,
found
th.eiii
they
were
met
them
on
Knife
River
there
zation consisted
seat
part of their
of the
for
the
|>iirpose
of
(laughter,
him
to
Tradition
and
n^mners,
sively described by
to
be
brought
would
mine
a
in
front
of
body,
signs
for
Work
body,
opposite
inches ajxirt, fingers
to
motion
cross
the
left
pull
it
a
little
distance
of
body,
index
finger
extended
and
pointing
upwards,
Deaf-mutes
and thumb
of
mouth. Ikins;
front
i.e.,
little
finger
to
right
front
by thumb
an
and eagle-
is some difiTereiu e in the feathering, some nations emjiloying
three
distin-
guishing
winging,
dogwootl
{Cotni/s
.iolonifera)
or ( hannds
were the arrows
In
the
latter
the
head
was
so
The
I'awnees
never
used
such.
When
unre
he
had
avera,i;e length of
the
tied in bundles
half
feet
wraiii)ing
keeps
them
is
com|)are
them,
for
every
hunter
has
the head, or the
oi
the
and has a stem about
an
now
use
them to the
the
arrow-head.
The
slit
the shaft,
is then softened in water, and the wood is wrapped
firmly
to the arrow-lieail, taking care to fit th** sinew in the
teeth
of
the
stem,
 The
next
jjrocess
is
are
the
nadv
for
use.
It
takes
to
when it is fired into the body it cannot be
got out.
If you
the shaft pulls off, leaving the arrow-
head
and
horizontal
index
as it
was
ascended
left
thumb
of ex-
tended, left
u|)-
face,
few
inches
face, and
right nearest
Ashes.
Concei)tion
in front of body,
such abbreviations are
at
Wolf
Point,
Montana,
Rocky
band
in
the
whether,
by
'
their
were
of the Assinaboine River,
originally
were
a
band
of
that
iiuerlaced and
River
into
son's
Bay,
as
return we
find him
tas, and was
on
the
in
1678
with
Du
Liith.at
tradition
inlbrms
in
|)os-
mist
oi
three
different
at
each.
the latter
of
iIk
houses,
away the
third iiouse, which was
a
by
had
not
been
overrated,
and formidable
of
battle.
Indian
territories,
even
'o
the plague were
at
several
points
on
the
shores
of
the
bay.
The
years
after,
ol'
Ojibways went ba<
The
Hudson's
Bay
for
the
time
1793.
They
met
tlie
Assinahoines
in
small
the Lower Red River
The stories
and indefinite.
used by the
the
migrations
of
and
bands.
men,
eighty
years
of
age
lowstone, the latter six
line, on
Saskatchewan.
One
of
the
North.
The
;
whites,
and
them.
So
west,
it
was
not
Wolf
to
the
Sioux
something
of
olden
Great
Unknown,
right hand, back
points
to
extend
and
a
partial
snap,
to
indicate
the
north.
the sign for
hands,
for
held
falls
as
a
leaf
here and
shoidders, index
fingers ex-
l)ack
of
;
to
go
in front
to left, in
though holding
palm.
Axe.
Hold left hand, back to left, arm nearly extended and about
horizontal, in
front of
left shoulder,
near
elbow
with
were
Wkai'.
Deaf-mutes
upwards and
instead of
tlie
hands
in
cover-
ing
the
entire
back,
wood about
or
skin
usually heavily beatled or
cradle up
baby not
two days
in' the
evening just before the inmates of a lodge go to
sleep
; sometimes
also
in
the
where
men,
beraiise
hand
from
to the
of such very
bac(jn as issue*
left.
Northern
Bad.
Conception :.
is
frequently
made
witli
same
;
start
Indians
nurclv
height of
fingers
and
tluind)
closed,
trom
touching,
hands
slightly
compressed,
lelt
i)ointing
towards
ground.
Execute
with
both
hands
a
i)awing
on
curve,
repeating
motion.
Bag.
curved, thumb
horizontal elli|)se,
of
re-
ated
indicate
chief,
Bannack.
Indians
to
the
have intermarried
Arap.ihoe.
They
nearly
all,
of iliem
.\gency,
told
me
creation,
of
the
formeny
big
Wolf
and
the
Little
except
any
but
we
oidy
Tliev
claim that the word Hanna k canie from Panah-ki, a name
given
tiiem
by
the
Shosliones,
(ailed
ot
roots
and
The
gun
reach
the
They call
blankets
with
very short
l)caf
 
the
eyes.
Basin.
holding
left
liand
in
its
position,
and
compressed
right
out
dirt
then
the
above.
the
it
against
\\\v.u
downwards, indicating
(
hand
outwards
it.
Bay.
'Color,
I
Make
index
and make thrusting motion
a thrust with bayonet
of
bod\,
the right hand, and
slij^htly,
extended,
and,
l)ack
iSo.i,
and
Draf-imit<.'s
make the
extended,
;
I he
proper
(iilor,
(
with
a
i»oiiiting
imll
Beautiful.
were not
Heaf-niutes
and second
Beaver Dam.
left
m front of and
keei)ing
closed;
of tip
left hand near
index
finger
pointing
\
of
danger,
this
little
go
single-handeil
in
the
fingers and thuiub closed.
the
left
to
its
po-
sition.
that
breast;
 
tridj^es,
hreech-
clolli.
Berry.
by signs
giving color
antl size
hands,
fingers
pointing
downwards, tlui^e of right hand slightly to left, of left slightly
to
and left of
for
L;and)ling
world.
art usuallv
Beyond.
in front
of bod\
;
height, fingers
n
movement.
shoulders,
for
Woodi'Kckek
with t uud)s
in
int
h
very
fonil
of
this;
for
I'.lack.
The
on
IJailger
the
stream
in
by
seven
thousand
five
hundreti
of
these
for
what
they
were
nt)rth
there. Some old
men,
anil
represenletl
the
enemies, whom
in
etc
were seated on
the ground in line near by, and in their shrill metallic voices loudly
a[)plautietl.
Near the
nearly
him.
One
yonii^
man
speech
in
i)ea(e.
As
lie
finished,
•,kv
out
v
iionored
the
glorious
I
language.
In
main ilivide, and
Thi-y were very
out
ol
thi
s
con-
tain.
North
our
people
saw,
a
deep
which was
as they
murder,
and
the latter, and
h
as
large
as
country
being
inhabited
by
of stones,
talking and singing
of the ghostly
of
annoyance
to
have
each otlier
tloatin^
ilowii
the
stream,
'1
he
Indian
who
told
see
the
fol-
lows:
which
they
()lil
Man
from
and when he di<l
this,
said,
'When
anv
of
your
young
goes
tribes, but
the
berries
Dance.
be painted
have
fresh
on
horseback,
Any
one
wiio
Medicine-Lodge-Dance
will
take
the
gaudily
camp
for
the
and this is
it
and an
a fire, and the
and should
he be
able with
fire
large
for
and dances to
dancing
he
holds
up
Ursa
evidence of his weak-
ness is wanted or taken. He is deposed as high-priest at once,
and
another
is
in
have made the
to
par-fleches. At
announce her purity.
tied
to
the
of
shoulder,
and,
as
in
the
loose.
For
this
tobacco
is
saved
tied
with
sounds made by these
blowing
out
caused the
A
hole
to
These
Indians
beyond any
are com-
feet. There are several stories toUl as to the manner
in
one
she
might
go.
Tiie
second
was
subsequent
carelessness
over, soon their
l)lackened stubble nnitilated and
ever
they
up
into
right
hand
near
tlie
wliite
each
though spreading
hands
are
first
held
towards
over
the
mouth
to
and the former
Deaf-mutes place
fingers
extended
tiiat
of
mouth,
thumb
and
fingers
extended
the mouth
and nose
of a
other
fingers
and
thumb
closed,
hand
moved
or
to
tween blue
Deaf-mutes indicate the arch
the
highest
mountains
with
back
out in
carried
reverse when
compress
the
hands,
of
head,
palms
to-
wards
the
front
and
slightly
tlownwards.
of
left
this
thumb
locality.
On
our
almost
treeless
There seemed
to be
ser-
viceable
article
life,
work
without
his
get
out
of
order,
and
bow
its
*
lie
will
at
marks.
By
and
by,
and
I
have
seen
them
so
stiff
of these
bows will
but
at
that
end
of
loop.
When
the
bow
is
to
bo
called 'stringing' the
as
not
i)erfcctly dry.
in
sometimes
a
month,
learned, after some practice,
arrow
dis-
j
appeared
in
visible.
The
power
of
the
bow
a
buffalo.
jl
have
arrow
which
had
gone
had
probably
surface
file
or
glue
middle or
is
now
covered
with
a thick solution of glue, and the bow is done. Rough
bows
knew
they
are
giued
and
wrapped
at
the
gold.
tassels, fringe of|
buckskin, and the
;
the right hand, which
left
arm
shoulder;
bring
the
right
Should
this
boiled liver
form
a
partial
left shoulder, and press
eight
and
pointing
to
but left forearm
carried
more
is
a
fine
one,
times
to
express
and
Dull
it intensifies the
conveys the
his
in it
acts
the
coward
One
Indian
gave
this
to
with
a
viz., bring both extended
front
to show
with water into a
onel|
have
given.
the mouth
tips of
index fingers
or
policemen,
and
calling
usual
signs
Chey-
ennes,
of
1876,
while
being
children
were
running
in
fast,
and
the
trouble
after
the whip, at
of his
pony to
the vil-
through
the
bore him
risk
of
glad
after
Brother-in-Law.
Bring
other fingers
index
horizontal,
to
front.
Tiiis
the
of
extended
right
liand
word,
they
over
of
h
Dakota
Territory.
The
grew
towards and
used
we use
right hand, back
sign
partially
mostly
up ;
Buffalo
Cow.
right
hand,
back
up,
fingers
front,
in
front
hands
back f right hand to right, left to left ; by
wrist
forehead, backs
of bent
rub
the
these animals
to hostile
still,
the
Creator
When
belief.
siile
over
to
arrows,
the
 flushing,
or
From
shoulder-
blades,
papillse
of
liver,
From the
paunch, water-pipes
latter being
is
is
highly
valued
The
amniotic
fluid,
in
used
specially
prized
as
larger
consider the contents of the pauiich an excellent remedy for
skin
afflictetl
out
with
for smoking.
The liver
raw
and
articles
by
being
simply
of
want of fuel on
systematic effort ever made that I know of to specially
utilize
novel title
of 'The
for increasing
suppo-
sition
that
the trouble of picking them up.
 
for
the
use
of
that
'to
were com-
to
gather
all
the
wool
they
could
find
by
for all
the
are
writing
the
people, composed of the various races in the land, had
congregated to
trifle
the
eight to ten shillings
operation.
The
men
and
lads
shillings per
compensated
for
nor undervalued, as all
to
the
Bay Com[)any's books,
farms.
cattle was brought
and
sold
at
highly-remunerating
prices
pounds
cattle ever
to
were
introduced
from
England,
consisting
and
a
store
the
were
allowed
to
a
failure,
and,
although
1825,
it
was
apparent
to
the
heavy
to the
open
to
taite out the foetus, an old woman, wrinkled and gray, was found.
All
the
bands
I
was
told
reliable have told
Big Horn
young
man
was
the
person,
who
thereby
became
special guests
and
burned
were performed over
them, puffing smoke
herd was stampeded,
animals driven
be
brownish-
is
given
the
pipe
pos-
sessing
the
were
search of
buffalo. In
young men
prairie
alone
her.'
and
she
am alone and in your power.' In spite of the
protests
of
great mist
by
good; I
have taken
the
was
by
the
the
lodge.
All
eyes
sight.
This
handed
down
from
father
to
son
for
Arcs
people
are
use
the
Sioux
made
of
it
was
to
Indians,
happening
to
be
the rest of the
to the
sign
cate wrapping
knocking
and
extent
will
for
Brave.
Sometimes
the
signs
Bury.
of
each
hand
opposite
inches
of
and
shield, war-bonnet,
rifle, am-
Sometimes,
if
a
tepee
just as he was breathing his last, and as the spirit took its
flight
the
pony
might
At
other
times
The
in
the
or
cave,
ground. Bow
quantity
of
told
herd
of
ones were
keep
food
in
small
vessels
They
claim
that
it
Icamp,
but
they
dig
it
twelve
or
in the ground,
near
not
up
of
tlieir
strongest
and
slight
or
stones
over
it.
ago
they
away. They
etc.,
in
are
to right, in front
to
action
as
repeating]
motion
two
or
three
times.
This
is
I
no
excuse
over,
make
gives
living about
dence
spot
to
the
French
traders,
the
government
on
the
Brazos
River,
just
re-
ported
River
stock,
from
Formerly
which
tion,
they
after death they
: but
at
the
and
 Big Man,
Indian,
finger
outwards, at
used
in
giving
has
a
calls
out
very
loudly
move their
denotes
the
action.
Camas.
Conception
others and thumb
stick
in
the
ground.
of
prairies,
where
and sides.
at times prepared
about
fingers
and
tips
To
indicate
the
size
of
sign
have
sign
for
House
being
conveying
the
idea of openness and clearness like the day; truth and goodness.
Deaf-mutes
use
sometimes also
Candy.
with
the
tip
right
hand
fixed
as,
Cannon.
Conception
and for
iron are sometimes
:
about
horizontal
them,
as
in
Tired
horizontally in front
A
extended
fingers
of
body;
carry
though
dealing
near left,
front, other
also
made.
Cartridge-Beit.
to
resting
outwards, mostly
straighter horns
as
other
;
Certain.
used by
hands
shoulders
separating the
of
rush, and
Attack
and
War.)
only the
sign
hand, back
shoulder,
held thus
gestures
tom which
some extent, of
Hold the left
to
the
front,
to
body,
as
though
face,
braided
and
wrapped
en-i
tirely
different
explanation, was given them
would
seem,
only
on
this
sub-
ject,
he
informed
me
that
a
j-a
being
TSantee:
la,
Teton
the name
dog-soldier, is
the
soldier
bands
one Cheyenne
claimed that
to secure
any satisfactory
most
words
for
is
sippi in Minnesota, near
inclined
to
views
I
to
where
they
were
before
they
lived
made us
Sioux,
from
the
north
viz.,
the
great
Algonquin
in
regard
to
their
relations
what
is
show
that
the
River, as
to
locate
had many
reached about the present site of Fort Meade, near the
Black
Hills.
of the Little Missouri
who
had
ponies.
and
stealing them
from the tribes to the south and west who had tliem.
They claim at this time to
have had
that at that
direction,
of Little
de-
fensive
warfare),
effected.
As
a
Cheyenne
all
the time
portion
tribes to
the south
to
to me,
The time
Creek (near Fort
ago).
just
only we
for
selected
to
be
while
the
pipes were still in the hands of the old men. Should
one
of
the
four
acted,
others were
called
to
elect
four
decided
vital
imi)ortance,
the wear and
from this fell
and
our young men, handsomely
that
council-lodge.
An
and
not
seen
A
huge
council-lodge
young
men,
disappeared
under
the
falls,
—seemed
They
shore
of
the
young
all
refilled
in
left
left
these
things
who gave it to
of
the
Chey-
ennes,
the
the
preliminary
march
of
tlie
to
story,
which
less with
the young
a
great
the
disturbance
the
young
winters.
At
the
end
peculiar
was
of
lance,
and
time, and
again reappeared
his
hand,
a
buffalo's
some of the
He
wretclied,
;
out
hunting
hand
four
them
something
to
eat.
Taking
the
boys.
It
was
dried
meat
pounded
fine.
to
pitch
a
big
lodge
sing
to
him
and
hands
up
night
and
went into
the big
said that
he was
going away,
thought he got
that he went
dance, and many
he
was
of
those
tobacco. He said that there were people in a far-
where
the
that
he
time we would
of them, and they
would come
wild
healthy
kind of food, and
said that this would
they
wanted
to
were
away
to
cook
in,
stone
and
arrow
to
This
creature
skin
and
a
something to
might
kill
this
strange
being,
believing
he
would
bring
them
bad
luck;
but,
said
that
he
man
and
to
make
signs
so
came
from
the
land
people
had
started
out
to
he
had
wan-
dered
about,
living
worn
dead
with hunger, he had wandered into their camp and fallen into
this
village
—knives, needles,
This
man
their wild and savage way they fought well for their
country,
and
written in blood.
hunted like
witii
tlieir
legitimate
understandings of
between
the
Government
and
tlers
treaty obligations
Cheyenne
met,
of
their
women.
to
acquire,
flows
com-
pares
of
study
of
tortures
whicli
have
unfortunate
and
when
influenced
with
the
passion
of
revenge,
war-club
that
crushed
the
;
The Blackfeet, Flatheads, Crows,
for
tlie
man
who
wears
the
only
called
 Rising
the
ground.
a
commander
or
ruler.
The
one to absolute
The
government
Romans, the
highest
degree
of
the chief were
much greater than
war,
skill
extended but
in
followed
frequently had several
war
forward
was,
brought home
exercise
of
this
but
actual
influence
by
those
office
but
were
return.
They
were
food for the
a
considerable
number
of
persons
very
the
most
worthless
the chief's eye
sure
on
strongly
their
dependence
unenviable notoriety
by
those
of
the
other
bands.
Child.
Conception
to
it,
fingers
of body, fingers
the
comjjletion
unless
indicate height or age of the child, the first sign
is all that
of
any
female,
and
then
Indians are very fond
is
another
child
may
have
measure,
as
they
do
not
get
what
men
The
mother
await
the
fairy
these fanciful
and
have
Chippewa.
There
is
Bad
fast-running'
water,
or,
tribal
siyn,
and
who
the
loca-
tion
laced in
folds on
The
to
advance, and
them
 '•e.
Captives
were
and
ut-
ter
disregard
taking
his
and
hands
to
uncle by
a good fire.' He then buili up a large fire, and
after
to
the
blaze
 The uncle recovered
from his fire-wounds,
He
his
they say,
Since then there
secured
the
country.
We
have
had
no
wars
for
at peace,
Lake
and
Red
ways
of
hundred acres
land cultivated
He gives
twenty-
six
Menomonees,
at
Green
Bay,
and
given at
parentage at Lake De
of
words,
nr
in
on nie
the
Hudson's
liay,
and
has
seen
corruptly as
to he
barely understood
York
Factory
do not understand the Esquimaux. It may be possible that the
In-
dian
language
used
a
living
their
of some
Ojibway, and it
only
six
tlieir
camps,—
in
the
spring,
winter;
but
an
attempt
was
alway:
made
to
provide
Tiiese Indians
had fire-arms long
advantage
and
the
Ojibways
mo.'ed
westward
mixed
much
with
in
agriculture
extensively
that
other
dwelling-
plares
of
onlv
as
a
the
vermin
by
starvation
burden
and
as
meat
nation.
The
following
story
told
person
to
the
north
of
an
Ojibway),
jects,
living
only a
kettle-
birds could
tiie smoke-
Ojibways do
fattest and
run
out
The
little
birds
sang
to
willow
 In
1S51
Winnebago
scalps
men, women, and children
for
the Chippewas
and
brought
it
home,
still
adhering
a
common
medicine-man
and
die
of
Ids
up
till the friends
of the feast
usual
sacrificial
I
have
heard
of
led
some
their fellows,
find any evidence which would justify the assertion that it
was practised at any other times.
These Indians
Deaf-mutes are rare, but witli these
they claimed that
it
cannot
gesture speech among
no
tlifliculty
is
experienced
in
The peculiar nature
Indians,
and
the
neccs-
tribes,
are
As they have no good means of recording events, they
cultivate
ap-
Indians
put uj)
in their
up
ends
.
in
front
forearm
held
interfere
with
or
obstruct
his
over shoulders; make
about height of shoulder; draw the
hand
in
towards
of
body,
index
above head to denote
; they
rise,
fears
vanish.
I
some
signed.
Coal.
little over
apparel
mutes represent
the turn-
Some
index
for
Little,
their
meaning. I have also seen the signs for Drink, Water, and
Black,
tiiey
do
of
siioulder,
arms,
gathering togetiier
ponies, cattle,
lecting.
do
not
or
body,
fingers
pointing
simply
rest, indicate
and
par-
tially
front
of
with gentle
formation,
unless
Though the
and
The hands
Kill.
way.
Some
index finger
hand
to
front
to
denote
signifies
five
bands,
viz.
so remote a
waters
of
the
 Straight
Colorado
River,
in
belonging
to
the
Pen-a-teth-kas.
At
what
evidently
were,
however,
distinct
bands,
and
both
was
were
also
no
doubt
they
bands.
highly probable
that if
the fact
similarity
'
of
this
band,
but
are
known
now
a
witii
the
Utes,
but
from
such
of
long
standing
 The
from
time
immemorial,
and
never
have
while they were having
This is not,
however, an uncommon
or remarkable circumstance,
considering the fact that the Comanche language is more or less
spoken and understood by
left them
and went
time of
;
The
had
a
the
Arkansas
River.
them
became
so
guide
to Wichita Agency. It
of Comanches
have
begun
farmini,'.
Mr.
Bancroft,
Comanches
enumeration
rounding
election to the position
called for this
election other than
other
tribes,
to
discuss
and
decide
Some
sides
to
 
Mother,
all power.
not
practised
The
the
other
Indians
that
range
over
to get
physiques than their kinsfolk,
beliefs
and
I
goes
to
Comanche
village.
The
denizens
of
the
and what he has
several times with the
Utes, Pawnees, Sacs,
of
them
that
hair
Indians.
Deaf-mutes
make
the
finger extended
the imaginary
elevated,
by
and
is
held
well out ; the right hand passes between left and body.
The
appeared,
pointing
left
forearm
about
horizontal
front
of
left,
and by
ap-
pealing
above
left
hand.
To
say
 a
and
used more in
the
usual
way
would
Bring,
as
and Law Persons.
Eat
of
[their
cooking
utensils
were
put
in
is
leasy
to
touching
the
This
is
the
sign
common.
Indian
uieii
and
women
left
and
resting
on
index
finger
hand,
of left until in its
move-
the index finger of
 
of and
used to denote any
was
boiled
alone,
or
corn
was
he
went
though
twisting
off
mixed with
thel
stripe
on
the
left
arm.
Die,
trees.
Make
well
i.e.,
it
into
the
imaginary
corral,
fingers
the
closed
iiands,
front of
breast
to left,
{<i\\
inches
to
right;
carry
congregate,
either
to
decide
on
a
tion,
in
to
in
this
way;
and
when
[purpose.
An
(see
Feast)
headmen
sit
ambiguous
or
pertaining
to
the
camp.
for
tliis
puri)ose,
long march,
in
member
of
the
village
is
allowed
in regard
These
governors
of
I
reports
sent
any
smoke
a
The
soldier-lodge
brought under
the
council
wa;
ai)pointed
In other cases any convenient place, in-doors or out, that
might bel
named, and
those not
strictly privileged
chiei.
the morning
proclaim ng
during the day,
pronicf
to ihe
been made known, the discussion was thrown open to all
present
all
cnrefuHy
considered
hand,
in question uas closed,
formal
vote,
but
from
regard to
the
closed
keejiing
fingers
brought in above-described
ami
the f
fingers extended,
draw the
each
finger
to
its
tip,
representing
ten,
right index,
five, the
or thumb
not
beyond
ten
as
their
basic
num-
instances
or twenty (the
the
fingers
of
the
arithmetic
the
;
give
it
sharp
motini,
by
Count-Coup.
Conception
body,
index
finger
extended
right
passes.
The
the stories
of their
or
alive,
of
their
enemies
in
battle
With
most
tribes,
an
Indian
who
creil-
ited
pole
on
it,
and
the
lodge
and
kill, it will
he who
counts coup
a
club
the
cave
told
some
of
how to make
v/hen going
])aralyzed
our
country
arms to right
hold left hand,
fingers
with
sign
ilor
Little
Talk, towards tip of left index; then make with the
j
right
hand
a
[make
a
grasping
9
throwing blanket
though
Hide, meaning that the talking, grasping, etc., were done slyly,
secretly.
wrapped
half
a
dozen
young
around
waiting
or
stand-
ing
outside
By
not
wearing
the blanket usually worn it is, of course, improbable that any
one will
reply
law
the
of
the Sioux, Crazy Horse, and to discover these one of the enlisted
scouts
as
shrewdness
whites, would
that some
sleeping
sign
for
Tiie
rather
com-
mon
impression
that
Indians
It
is
claimed
that
they
will
do
so
Their
education
and
training,
their
social
peculiar
method
of
warfare,
but
Wolf
Crazy.
Conception :
Brain
hand
this
gesture
but
they
sessed
many
tally and physically inferior to the Plains Indians. For many
years
they
from
Sun-Dance.
tribes
with
of
the
line,
Winnipeg.
Cross.
(Sulky.)
Licline
to
body.
Heart,
Near,
and
twisting,
indicated
by
right
hand
Cross.
(Decoration.)
Bring
slightly upwards,
left
the
country
or retained
Indians as three thousand five hundred, and he also re-
ports fourteen thousand head of horses.
This,
of
Yellowstone.
Though
admitting
that
they
stomach
the
of
Ab-
saraka,
the
whites
of the attention and
claimed
Gros
Ventres
that
some
hills
near
saui
the
Gros
Ventres.
In
personal
and inft>
'or in
In(li,ir
. They
might,
however,
be
not
seem
to
have
hair squarely
off round
back
of
from their ponies' tails
out
the
shoulder,
constantly at
friendly, and since
Indians. The
fact,
carried
on
the
war
so
Crows.
Their
status
of
peace
Cheyennes, and
with the Nez
in a
by their
many
Government
as
spirit
of
wars
and
horse-
It
could
be
held
at
any
time
from
spring
of
the
dance,
a
were used
according to
the
was
hand,
the
purpose
of
testing
their
It
also
gave
them
women,
and
hauled
by
this ground.
the camp,
about twenty-
pitched
then
taken
down
together
as
is
usual
raised
the
to
were put
rode out
which
to
dance,
and
upon
cut
and
themselves
several
persons
tied
to
back,
at
This
God
saw
a
duck,
and
said
to
him,
had a
till
it
dried,
then
was dry land
that
they
asked
the
God
the
rest,
and
to
this
day
for something to
rubbed them
;'
animals
by
means
of
the
brain
and
liver,
for
what
tains
for
of
your
arms
and
give
you
what
carry them
to some
a
while,
told
them
was
behind
the
rest.
The
said,
'This
is
as your enemies.
in
numbers,
and
then
help
said,
it,
'
you
make
and about six inches
bend index towards face,
and
slightly
to
right;
fingers extended,
than
with
its
lower
dry.
Where
there
Deaf-mutes
hold
extended
left
to right,
Waikk,
and
indicate
its
rising
ohstniction.
Dance.
Coiu-i-ption
ciirved
and
act
painted
 
thrown
into
a
of
the
tongues
of
also
the infernal
and
gorgeously
niak<.' ;i fantastic picnirc. In most of their darues tlicy
first
sit
down
after
returning,
•0(\\\
some
which
essential
to
|)ick
any
of
the
dren
join
in
the
the
liancers
the
'j1(1
men
and
headmen
give
them
glorious
death,
they
will
be
ally
speaking,
by
those
going
to
war,
just
before
their
the
otter-skins, at any time,
index and
movement the
respect
dangerous person.
in
front
right
hand
nearest
face,
palm
so
edge
left
hand,
tips
of
index
fingers
to
eyes.
To
travel
Ixuks
U]),
in
to
curve
simultaneously,
shoulders and
a
part
aside,
bv
noting
heavens,
and
a
/eference
to
the
ver-
tical
into
an
incomplete
closed
out,
formed
with
index
Dead.
The
left
Shoot
add
the foregoing
thrusting right index
to right and
make sign for
target,
yet
they
are
all
wind.
I'ribes
like
the
Ncz
Perces,
who
the sense
Indian
I
refer
ease, but
iui an gesttn-es
made by deaf-mutes,
of
purely
arbitrary,
our conventional
proved
it
Most
give
being
and
early
English
are
applied
to
the
the gestures devised
able
employs
the
sign
as
the
chief
means in the education of the deaf, and has facility in
the
conijjrehension
and
to these
three means
speecii
before
coming
possess
 
which signs
em-
ployed
with
Statement
as
transi/ion.
Location.
pupili.
fol-
lowing
:
 
181
one
of
Braidwood's
grandsons
attempted
daughter, having
at
August, 1816,
he pre-
vailed upon
]nipils,
and
donation
of
the
name
of
for, and
were
felt
tributions
of
the
deaf
and
dumb
throughout
sons
have
the
Hartford
Watson's
introduce
the
French
  -
in
other
walks
ami
pointing
to
in
the
opposite
direction
are
filled
have found,
fingers and thumb
with
spread
thumbs
palms
towards
body,
index
the
neck,
raise
hands
which the
pointed
at.
In
giving
in
front
of
becoming
partially
elevated
Deaf-mutes indicate
quently
preter
makes this sign.
disturbed, though from
and
more
of
with
a
closed
grazing lower
;
above,
death,
unless
there
i.e.,
a
verbal
request,
and
approach
of
death.
Nature
is rare.
as in
her own
the
sign
used
by
deaf-mutes.
Disarm.
index
finger
at same time curve
and
thumb
closed
as
though
separated,
and
pointing
moving with
represented.
Distant.
more
to
left,
as
of one.
to
fre-
quently
first
made.
Infidelity
on
the
remained in
should be unmercifully beaten,
The
husband
specific reason, cast
In most of
with another
in it.
(See Work.)
you, etc.,
in front
of body,
than breast,
wlien
our
peculiar
expressions, such as
Hold on a moment. Do not go. Wait a moment, Keep cool,
Keep
quiet,
etc.,
is
tril)e, or
right hand.
of
body.
Some
Indians
certainly
seem
to
three,
though
strains
the
a
few
located
at
some
range
seems
»o
form
Bannacks, and iJtes
u'.cat
combines
the
tliat
motion
with
thumb
.\\\C.
fingers.
Dollar.
for
House
door,
fastened
to
rvo
of a
etc.
Some
camp
rounded
by
to
cut
oneted
in
soldiers,
guard-house.
Dreamer.
See
a skirt.
The dress
in a
indispen-
sable
dress
of
the
from the
tlie
robe
blanket.
modasins,
wi're
thing
ea
h
(lay
brave was
a matter
not
unpleasing
process.
would sit for hours trying the
effect
of
various
shadings
and
combinations
on
his
face
and
person,
wiping
off
and
body which
it is
to
dry.
It
seems
a
hand as though holding
water in its palm;
is made as
drinking
opposite
inch
between
tipsoi'
are,
of
course,
for
Kettle
of
beating
a
dnmi.
Drunkard.
Point to or make sign for the person, make the sign
for
WmsKKY,
ea( h
Waikr, and All
index
across
mouth.
Duck.
many
of
imitate
with
fingers of right
sign
fo'
This
the
knuckles;
and
Hkad.
as
tiJ
hair,
;
or three be
worn there, they
by the
coi:]
dence
of
success
and
iiulicate a
under
iel
and bending it
the left
cases.
Ear-ring.
Conception
in
length.
Strips
of
tlie ear,
and pendent
the medi-
other
for
our
existence,
and
we
right
lliand,
k
are used, left
Indians.
It
has
been
vegetables,
and
have
Deer,
elk,
tti
country,
out
chiefly
of
fish and
lower
castes
of
life.
They
hold
by
soldiers,—
wiry,
which
Their food
also,
wi^
eaten
fresh,
but
only
tec
dried
meat
was
important articles of
portion
of
the
tribe
way
of
pre-
paring
the
coals
till
suf-
ficiently
cooked.
This
method
The poorer
sometimes
gath-
the tender extremi-
ties of the stalks, and boiled as a relish. When travelling
in the
as a
),
and eaten fresh, or
whoever
may
be
present
when
against
under
side
dosed
hands
ill
pointing
wrist action
keeping tiiem about
parallel to sides
hand
arm
be
expressed
sign
go
to
war
kind,
sign for
Friend, and
fingers, others
and thumbs
Energetic.
To
say
be
exjjressed
by
say-
have been
is
well
out
to
hand
up,
into
right
hand
turns
up
Equal.
keeping index fingers in
same relative position, tips
represents the
two horses
in
separate them
then make
for
Night
and
shoulder
to left and
gesture
is
hand passing above but
ex-
change
used in
in the
of
exchange,
buyiiiL;,
closed right hand
Hkakt;
then
turn
;
the
and
an
excited
respiration
palpitating
action
extended,
and
etc.
Frequently
manner
of
dying;
deatii
and decay of
influences.
I
have
K,
me
by
the
he found
all his
kinsfolk. When
he returned
but
to
come
there.
A
cousin
man
was
in
the
way
was
dead
slightly
separated,
and
pointing
to
We?V'ili,N.y.
M5G0
(;i6)
872-4503
anything
and
falling
off;
action, turn
Fame.
which bring
him about
all the
it, and
the adjacent
tribes knew
him.
Wise
for Talk with
country.
Farm.
Make signs for Corn and for Work. This is the general
sign.
To
as though
whatever is planted
Ploughing.
tiiey
known,
idea
of
Fast.
Conception
bring right hand back to right, several inches in rear
of and
touching,
pointing
^o
as
it
knuckles of
good
condition,
growing
fat,
sign for
inches from it
gently
tap
the
breast
with
mother.
and then holding
move
or
gather,
warriors
serve
the
food.
lodge during any cere-
said
in a circle, broken
says,
the
the
one
hurt
me
to
eat.
people,
and
you,
por-
was
plenty,
men
was
spent
in
feasting.
Any
make
entertainments
were
night
corn and beans, or
If
several
smoking
with
band,
or,
toin-
from
large
gourds,
and
numerous,
and
the
other
nearer
Sometimes
make
speeches,
a
mimber
haranguing.
One
of
them
in
commendation
by
stating
it,
and
the
chose
be-
fore
one
hand,
reverentially
raised
it
toward
the
entrance
front
ground,
were
kept
busily
circulating.
repeated
till
of
different
chiefs.
It
carry away all that
as a
leave
uneaten.
Once
pounding it
peculiarly its
in
in
several
lodges
in
each
village
master
the
skull
a dish with
face,
breast,
arms,
his neighbor
the left.
They decorated
enemy as large as
four
points
of
Two
persons
it, and,
the pile on
The man
large
kettles
of
boiled
before the
hand to
feather
for Tail, and
Female.
Conception
cheeks.
This
is
also the
as the
former
she
made the model
of
in fine raiment, and bedecked her
witli
jewels;
all
the
while,
like
e,
delicacy
of
texture,
gone
cooking a piece of
the
such
a
root
?
to
of
body,
Fight.
towards body, hands
wards body few
kill-
left,
left
to
grasfted
as
large
as
dry piece
now they have
steel.
In
olden
marches.
It
much more
angles;
clap
Firm.
to right,
it
right, in
times, representing
exposed
to
truce,
many
following
description
of
the
the lofty range,
these
grandeur, falls
river
and
mostly
by
closes,
school is located, and is
taught
Valley
is
flow
from
the
ranges
of
mountains
that
the
Mis-
soula
to
the
Flathead
Lake—
a
distance
of
some
the
that
and crops
by
canoe
or
spring they have commenced the erection of a few houses.
The
Kootenays
live
bitter-root,
which
thty
dig
and
winter's
surrounding country.
are
as
much
at
home
in
the
wild
genius
and
their
renown
Helena.
utterly
(on-
the
dol-
hundred dollars for
lous,
pleasure
had
Indian girls
inter-
view
with
visited at
memory
good.
Speaking
of
idea and
since
a
Clarke, in
one to
a
bone
names.
The
the
coming
of
he
Hudson's Bay Company.
nong
the
Fiatheads.
They,
the
Flathe
-Is.
seemed
to
have an idea in old times that some spirit inhabit'^u
the
highest
moun.
animal
—a
Tliis
I came
into the
 The
it
contains
words, one has
by
the
some
slight
differences
but they were
have
not
been
so
tractable.
 They
were naked
dance, in which both sexes
par-
ticipated.
They
feet and
old fort
The
zigzag worm
of tin for a still. I took great care that the Indians should
not know
the
art.
slocum, having
a taste
second bark
of the
well
they
water-plant which furnishes a kind
of
potato,
cutting the nose for adultery.
They
never
but farther
which they fired,
matter
of
im-
portance
worthy
of
One-half the energy
development of man, may
pressing against its first
as
holding
Flint,
and
the
thumb..
Deaf-mutes
make
sign
for
it;
close
the
hands,
and
Flour.
then point
then rub the palms
forming
a
to
right
of
palmar
surface
together. (This rejjre-
sents the opening
Growing,
inhaling tlie
bee,
Bird.
Deaf-mutes
use
see through, but
 smoky
water,
rain ).
for
it
a
tortoise,
and
make
Deaf-mutes make sign
little
in
then
etc.,
add
of
near
relations.
I
upwards, other
Fast
of
;
and
bring
effort
extended
right
left arm
the Crows,
used
pictorially
to
represent
them.
The
hair
is
grows,
in
front
represented
by
bringing
the
hands,
thumb
closed.
sign
for
Whites,
in
running.
Fragrant.
Conception:
Smells
good.
below
up
past
nostrils,
is
some
derful
how
exhalation,
a
sort
negro,
but
sign
than
;
Walk
Over.
Friend.
together.
The
to
of head. (Some-
and
place
palm
Deaf-mutes
  mrn mw m m
seen among
about the same
drawn apart
index
tended
left
in
to
indicate
tlie
substance
centre
touching,
and
pointing
to
front
; left
hand
near
motion, introducing
or
Good.
is
so
largely
developed
essential
and
funerals,
the
always
thought
of;
this is done
glass,
falls
of
the
An
Indian,
undemoralized
by
contact
He
himself
stifles
fears
for
the
future,
assuages
mor-
row,
generosity,
into
a
circle.
Deaf-mutes
back out, in
Give.
though
persons
were
return,
make,
first,
tlie
prairie
gift,
nothing
in
sight
but
;
out
to left, lower edge nearest
to
body,
fingers
close it,
to
move-
ments.
Some
Indians
the hands in this position lower them to near head.
(The
clouds
The
clouds
are
out, in front
closed
antl down-
closed,
and still make a very good glue
from the thick
muscles and muscular
it gets right,
in
this
water
; the
amount
amount
of
both,
though
in
body,
back
to
point
hand can,
body,
back
out-
under side
or
add
sign
index
of
right
hand
Flatheads
but
tlie
more
common
above.
front
of
enne,
above to
then
Territory,
said
found that
interpreters call
from
the
limited pan-
that
they
did
not
a whole, was
'ts
people of their
tribe whom tradition
the shadow
for
recentlj
pelled to find only one import to words, and
to
live
and
die
with
one
interpretation
I
an eagle
can
not
and
likeness
of
man.
His
raiment
space,
super-
natural that they
their
sacrificial
and
their
vision-
seeking,
only
as
which exercises a direct
from wiiom information is received by
means
of
visions
or
inspirations,
in
The
Yankton
Sioux
sometimes
sweep
hand
out
from
heart,
turning,
back
down,
used
for
 Good
-day,
Good-by,
Thank
their
MoriiKR, and
then sign
of
left
hand
and
as
determining
this
direction).
Deat'-imnes
for letter
index
nearlv
and keeii-
ing pure
been
many
selfishness, can
of
civilization,
mostly
in
tiie
his
wife
or
his
child
of tlie
raiup. He
and they
by the
or
shovel,
.1
up,
Itiess
the
hand,
i.e.,
in
extended
fingers
of
in
fingers
point-
ing
to
front
iiand held horizontally, back
hair
denote the
Gros Ventres
to
There
other
hulians.
The
agent
June, 1881,
short,
a
pair
completed
his
toilet.
Ke
Fort
Pierre.
controlled and regulated all
ment
regard
to
feeling
and
in
that
the
of but-
battle
beini;
and then
they hauled
ground, and
trees
the
story,
—in
fact,
to
do
did
not
know
whether
origin of the
when one
better and more
vine,
and
definitely
separately, and
the
'
be definitely ascertained. As one old
man
when,
his
fiither
to the
The dirt lodges last about seven years, are dark, moist,
and
lying on
  .,fiJtP, ?ll?f.W^PT^
to
this
they
tie
militaiy
distinction.
is
up,
they
performed
mony
are
the
voluntary
?nd
self-imposed
fasts
their annua religious ceremonies in houses ereqted
especially
for
religious
i)uri
of veneration
plaza
the flood. Within
which
tliey
of
in
Lewis
and
souls.
The
last-named
to
have
an
independent
existence.
1838,
the
is
llie
mention
made
of
them
by
tongue.
miles
of
its
interesting
great extent inter-
other tribes,
yet he
person, for
stand tiie sign language.
some
even
Gros Ventre of
language,
cus-
toms,
of
their
until
they
Assinaboine, Montana,
the
Marias
River,
Montana,
in
1829.
There
were
about
two
Bloods
and
In
Cheyennes
the
at this
fought
and
Mandans,
of this
tribe, as well as the date of the separation of the two bands.
For
this
Southern
Arapahoes)
fifty-two
were camped on the river, and
went
agency
for
I visited them in
than
I
of
give no reason
head-
death
Land north
told them.
relations
the
one
peace
of
the
leggings.
short
with the surrounding
a
stcickade.
front of left shoulder,
Oum.
and
place
ball
of
right
thumb
left hand,
surface
of
body,
left
body
and thrust it towards left and beyond, hand passing left thumb
and
Black
is
Hair.
body except
from the
and
from
vermin.
and
pointing
to
left
and
I, above sign, and sign for Give (moving hand towards
you
in
sign
Half-Breed.
Conception
in front
and
towards
body,
resting
body,
making
before
breed xt
the
faces,
make
described
ner
throughout
the
 In this enterprise it
born
in
the
its savage industries,
white
man.
Companies had taken
Ork-
country, tiiere
of
a century, therefore, there had been a gradual
increase in
two
classes
of
half-
breeds,
usually
known
as
English
and
French
half-breeds
various
settlements
which
their
great
staff
of
shape of
pemican and
life
would engage as
the labors
laws,
conform-
ing
themselves
in
buffalo,
however,
they
election
of
descended
from
every
tribe
from the
there
certain
advent
of
of the British
which
they
use
breakage
which
to
mend
but
so far as
about
two
ox-hide. Each
he-
hind
will
overtake
a
day
in
a
measured,
bedding, and
are driven
all
wt.
and are
can
worry
out
of
men perform
do not
it is
River
Half-breeds
are
the
Of
course
at
has
led
linguistic
al)ility,
and
that
upwards
move
the
hand
sharply
to
keep quiet,
made
then
closed
of the
deceased much
day
our
that there is an
hearts
sent
by
—the
only
hereafter,
he
asked
the
his beliefs in regard to
the life
asked
the
minister
to
describe
the
white
streets
of
the Ic
world
they
;
say that
of timber,
falling quickly
a
is
Comanches; ?nd
the dreary
dead
greatest virtue,
on reaching his destina-
fancy
washes
away
the
blood,
heals
the
Among the In-
flush
of
youth,
and
to
l)ack
Kit
fingers pointing
left hand,
fingers pointing
up
Deaf-mutes
make
sign
while with other
have had
most intimate
the
notorious
for
of
tiie
tribes,
adultery
line
cases where the
from
the
of purity, and be assisted in her
elTorts
by
those
of
by
a
dance
or
make a
thumb
k near forehead.
index finger and thumi)
to it);
tip
Sometimes
the
hand
in
tip
of
exiende
fear. All the inliuences
In
happi-
ness
people
and
under
left
fingers and
com-
point-
ing
when
fre-
fingers
extended,
back up,
and fingers
it
pass
left,
then
move
that
passes
under.
Hide.
gather
up,
extended,
towards
person.
History.
Hold
hands with a
Sioux
in
record
By
which was completely covered with small nuti:hes, and thv old
In-
;
same
height,
clasp
i
of a stampede, and
stampede.
with
thumbs
and
index
fingers,
others
closed,
and
the
snout
Fat,
fingers
fingers
;
hand.
Hole.
fingers of
Di.'af-mutes
form
front
of
face.
Homesickness.
Make
the
right
in
Sick
over
the
heart
Nights
Looking
Towards
becomes
weary
watching
and
waiting;
hope
has
died
out
for Sw^eet is also made. Honey is usually called
bee-excrement.
I
the
almost entirely
in the
 American horse,
Caddo
right
and
is
about
curved
to
as it corresponds
touching, and pointing upwards,
to
he will
and slightly
towards head.
I
have
making
and'tlicn
by wrist action
us,
using
say,
husbands,
brothers,
tears
and as
right
hand
in
front
commencing
with
index.
How
Much.
be
done
by
Arap-
ahoes,
Cheyennes,
the
hands,
palms
out,
against
of
cooking, singing,
on
an
expedi-
day
and
the trail, each
was,
quite
pnibahly,
a
severe
obliged
in
good
season.
and privation. Instances have
of
prowling
Dakotas,
of
the
their
way
to.
In
winter
ordinarily
hours
arrived
the
the
lodge
were
ruly,
the
Tongue
time
spection
was
exercised
in
their
daily
progress.
kept
constantly
on
the
watch,
and
played
a
prominent
caught their fleetest horses
about
a
dozen
armeil
followed. Two
ran
on
foot
in
front,
singing
and
shaking
a most
merciless flog-
ging, even
was
a
the
troop
pro-
ceeded
till
game,
utmost, that
a
flesh of bulls became
and
force
hunter
returned
upon
wounded
buffalo
that
he
had
left
upon
the
ground
a
frame-work
of
but
years.
full
si)eed,
an
unguardeil
moment
a
animal,
imjjossible. Mis-
haps from
infrequently
resulting
in
death,
were
distance. On the other hand,
a
single
well-directed
arrow,
securely
lodged,
so
it
it
(lid
its
effect
the
i)resence
quantity
they
cut
cottonwood-trees,
and
subsisted
in
the
spring.
reciuisiie
supi)ly
of
nieiit.
when
was
the buffalo
ence, these smaller
animals were sought
preferred
They
were
had
claws.
Panthers
were
also
in
constant
request.
A
as
nearly
days to
a
few
feet
of
the
and
small
would be
pledge,—a
lodge, leaving the
I
was
right
I
had
killed
it.
I
said
I
luul.
of
to front;
move tii
liands sharply,
and
Marry.
iiaiid
horizontally
towards
of
riglit
hand.
Sometimes,
for
emphasis,
the
breast
is
right
extended
index
downwards, pass
pointing
to
left
j
lower
right
about vertical; seize
to right some inches
left.
object,
index,
an
closed, and more
at
same
height,
similar
manner.
come a
;
made.
one's
self,
make
sign
for
Do
explain
that
Si'Kak,
in
the
sense
of
another.
(See
C(iuncil.)
The
lack
It
is
close,
turn
the
hand
sign,
I was
told that
added,
 You
will
never
see
an
He
Tiie sign for Hard
the
same
to
them).
Island.
and
other, separating tips of
right elbow a
sign
signs
and sufficient
proof to
signs
young person
jealous
of
evil
in
jealous
person
talk-
in
Light (or
Behind.
For
two
hands
slightly
to
Look,
and
upwards,
index
and
fingers
extended,
motion.
height
a
slight
hand
suddenly,
struck
with
the
win
in
gambling
is
kills.
Indigestion
kills.
To
get
Deaf-mutes
hold left hand, back to left, in front of body, index
finger
left
hand
of
right
hand
and thumb
Brother-in-Law
angles,
thus
denoting
halves.
 
the various tribes
each of which
well
as
the
marriage
relations.
He
says
The
and passing in the
It is
exists at present, and,
that
distinct
ter-
minology
The only attempt hitherto
reflective
generalization.
to trace
direct or
and
altogether
nearly
down,
in
front
tribal sign, both
radical
parts
of
the
gestures
sometimes
Cheyennes
crossed
the
Missouri
River,
moved
to
between
the
Pawnees
country
and
joined
this
of
sand,
and
fifty
the
common, and
distinguish
them.
Shield,
The Kiowas not
by
the
money
from them by
they ate
touching,
and
pointing
to
a
little
higher
Up.
Indians
in
eating
meat
the
left
hand,
and
conveying
some
reason
not
well
under-
stood,
than
when
sharpened
on
of
left
hand
extended
and
touching,
action,
palm
the left
with
to
the
sign.
Some
call
about
country
of
and
higher
than
necessary
in
front
of
body
; separate the
to
left.
Lariat.
been
carefully
scraped.
until
up-
wards
and
into
a
noose
at
one
of
them
exhibit
great
skill
I'.kvond.
This
is
the
to,
and
little
In going
fear
to
pc.
is less fleet, less
thumb and fingers
of right hand,
hand
to
represent
leaf
on
the
limb
of
down the
outer side.
them.
Lend.
See
Borrow.
Liar.
Make
sign
then,
throwing hands well out to right and left, make sign for
Go.
the
which
the
hand
is
lowered
a
the
It is extremely difficult to get an Indian
to
not
usually
mentioned
not
justify
much
more
truthful
than
as
great,
confidence
is
hand upwards,
same
time
turning
the head
Sometimes
the
index
finger
is
over horizontally.
sometimes first holding
Light.
hand
wards, giving
the
fixed
as
Mr.
Territory, kindly furnishetl
claim
down with
special
medi-
citw
; i.e.,
use of
the bow
and
thumb
closed
and in
also
(S'-e
Fond.)
Listen.
Hold
and thnnib spread, other fingers closed, ear in space between
thumb
and
ear,
and
passed through the head.
der, back nearly
enil
of
for Few. Little the sense of a little animal is
fretpiently
repre-
the ground,
such
expressions
as
of
tremu-
list of
rarely,
to Long Knife.
in
Indian
sign
for
After,
but
left
arm.
tips of thumb and
left
hand
and
index
brought
near
left,
front
and
rear
two
is
respect.
With
on the
;
on
the
laps
of
their
sweethearts,
showing this little attention
than
with
any
tribe
I
have
been
right
of body,
object whose
height is
;
  rmmaoBau v r
(See
Work.)
front of body,
left slightly, and
several
times.
Male.
Conception
finger extended,
Deaf-mutes make
of
hair
out to
the
^rm
and
breast.
This
was
con-
sidering
the
myth
and within
a few
to
have
made
a
the
latter
in
the
region
west
oi
united efforts of their invaders to leave their hunting grounds
and
retire
of the
the
correct,
we find
in
1772,
been