PROF. PRITI THAKKARSIES COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS

India’s India’s HistoryHistory

The Indian civilization is ancientThe Indian civilization is ancient Indus Valley Civilization was one of the first Indus Valley Civilization was one of the first

civilizations on earthcivilizations on earth The Vedic period was a time in Indian history The Vedic period was a time in Indian history

when the Hindu religion and caste system when the Hindu religion and caste system began in Indiabegan in India

Indian CultureIndian Culture

INDIANSOCIETY

Proto-AustroloidsProto-AustroloidsPrimitive tribes.Primitive tribes.Contributions to art of pottery.Contributions to art of pottery.Still uncivilised.Still uncivilised.Kols, Santhals of Chota Kols, Santhals of Chota

Nagpur,Bhils of Rajasthan, Nagpur,Bhils of Rajasthan, Todas of Nilgiris and Gonds of Todas of Nilgiris and Gonds of MPMP

Indo-AryansIndo-Aryans

Tall-statured.Tall-statured.Long-headedLong-headedFine long- nosedFine long- nosedContributed to vedic literatureContributed to vedic literatureNorth-west part of India from North-west part of India from

Kashmir to RajputanaKashmir to Rajputana

DravidiansDravidians

Short-statured.Short-statured. Black / Dark complexion.Black / Dark complexion. Dark eyes .Dark eyes . Plentiful hairs.Plentiful hairs. Broad nose.Broad nose. Developed the city cultureDeveloped the city culture Southern India and Deccan Plateau.Southern India and Deccan Plateau.

Indo-MongoliansIndo-MongoliansShort staturedShort staturedYellow colouredYellow colouredSnub- nosed Snub- nosed Flat faceFlat faceSikkim, Bhutan ,Almora and Sikkim, Bhutan ,Almora and

Assam hillsAssam hills

Unity In DiversityUnity In Diversity

Multi-CulturalMulti-Cultural Dress, crafts, Food, Arts, LuxuriesDress, crafts, Food, Arts, Luxuries Houses, diff building materialsHouses, diff building materials Music and DanceMusic and Dance Proto-Austroloids- art of pottery and Proto-Austroloids- art of pottery and

totemismtotemism Dravidian-city culture and religious Dravidian-city culture and religious

practicespractices Indo-Aryan- vedic literatueIndo-Aryan- vedic literatue

India’s People Have India’s People Have Different Religious BeliefsDifferent Religious BeliefsHinduism- Hinduism-

Dharma, Dharma, Artha , Artha , Moksha, Moksha, (Pravritti (Pravritti and Nivritti and Nivritti Marg)And Marg)And Kama Kama

Christianity- 10 commandmentsChristianity- 10 commandments Islam (Muslims)- 5 duties- belief in Allah, 5 Islam (Muslims)- 5 duties- belief in Allah, 5

times prayers, giving Alms, Ramzan times prayers, giving Alms, Ramzan fasting, pilgimage to Meccafasting, pilgimage to Mecca

Sikkhism- 5 Ks- Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Sikkhism- 5 Ks- Kesh, Kangha, Kara, Kirpan, and KachhaKirpan, and Kachha

Buddhism- 85% buddhists in Maharashtra, Buddhism- 85% buddhists in Maharashtra, Gujarat And RajasthanGujarat And Rajasthan

Jainism- Followers of Lord MahaviraJainism- Followers of Lord Mahavira Judaism- Torah is holiest book of Jews as Judaism- Torah is holiest book of Jews as

told to Moses on Mount Sinai. 50% lives in told to Moses on Mount Sinai. 50% lives in Manipur and MizoramManipur and Mizoram

Zorastrianism – Zend Avesta is holy book Zorastrianism – Zend Avesta is holy book of Parseesof Parsees

Demographic CompositionDemographic Composition 2.4% (32.9 lakh sq km ) land area2.4% (32.9 lakh sq km ) land area 17.5% of world population 17.5% of world population 60% lives in UP, Maharashtra, Bihar, 60% lives in UP, Maharashtra, Bihar,

West bengal, MP and Tamilnadu.West bengal, MP and Tamilnadu. 50% is below 25years and 65% is below 50% is below 25years and 65% is below

35 years35 years UP tops with 199.6 million followed by UP tops with 199.6 million followed by

Maharashtra with 112.4, followed by Maharashtra with 112.4, followed by Bihar Bihar

Linguistic DiversityLinguistic Diversity 1652 Languages Are There But Constitution 1652 Languages Are There But Constitution

Recognised 22 Major Languages.Recognised 22 Major Languages. Indo- Aryan Family : North And Western Indo- Aryan Family : North And Western

India- Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati,punjabi, SindhiIndia- Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati,punjabi, Sindhi Dravidian Family: Southern India- Kannada, Dravidian Family: Southern India- Kannada,

Malayalam, Tamil, TelguMalayalam, Tamil, Telgu Sino- Tibetan: North Bihar, North Bengal, Sino- Tibetan: North Bihar, North Bengal,

And North Assam- Sikkimese, Ladakhi, And North Assam- Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Sherpa, Bodo, Manipuri, TipraSherpa, Bodo, Manipuri, Tipra

Austric: Munda Or Kol Group- Central, Austric: Munda Or Kol Group- Central, Eastern And North- Eastern India- Khasi, Eastern And North- Eastern India- Khasi, Nicobarese, Santhali, MundariNicobarese, Santhali, Mundari

Regional VariationsRegional Variations Literacy- High In Kerala(94%) Mizoram, Literacy- High In Kerala(94%) Mizoram,

Tripura And Goa And Low In Bihar(64%) Tripura And Goa And Low In Bihar(64%) Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan And Jharkhand.Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan And Jharkhand.

Birth Rate And Death Rate- High Birth And Birth Rate And Death Rate- High Birth And Death Rate In Bimaru StatesDeath Rate In Bimaru States

Urbanisation- High Rates In Goa And Mizoram Urbanisation- High Rates In Goa And Mizoram And Low In Madhya Pradesh And BiharAnd Low In Madhya Pradesh And Bihar

Poverty – 37% Lives Below Poverty Line Now Poverty – 37% Lives Below Poverty Line Now Declined To 21.9%- High In Orissa, Bihar And Declined To 21.9%- High In Orissa, Bihar And Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh

Infrastructural Development – Transport, Banking, Infrastructural Development – Transport, Banking, Communication Etc . Lack Of 50% In BIMARU StatesCommunication Etc . Lack Of 50% In BIMARU States

Unemployment – Over 10% In Most Literate Staes Unemployment – Over 10% In Most Literate Staes Of Kerala , Goa, And Tamilnadu Of Kerala , Goa, And Tamilnadu

Industrialisation – Good Progress In Maharashtra, Industrialisation – Good Progress In Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu And Karnataka. Weak In Kerala Gujarat, Tamil Nadu And Karnataka. Weak In Kerala And Andra Pradesh.And Andra Pradesh.

Income Inequalities- High In Bihar, Madhya Income Inequalities- High In Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajashtan And Up Pradesh, Rajashtan And Up

Gender Ratio- In Favour Of Males. Kerala Females Gender Ratio- In Favour Of Males. Kerala Females Out Number Males.Out Number Males.

Life Expectancy- Bihar, Mp And Up – Low For Life Expectancy- Bihar, Mp And Up – Low For Females And Andra Pradesh, Tamilnadu Karnataka Females And Andra Pradesh, Tamilnadu Karnataka is high is high

RURAL

URBAN

TRIBAL

Diversity as DifferenceDiversity as Difference

India’s GovernmentIndia’s GovernmentIndia is the India is the world’s world’s largest largest democracydemocracy